ᚈѳᑽషᓎᏔ

ᚈѳᑽషᓎᏔࢂҗٿಔޑൂѳᑽషᓎᏔ܌ಔԋǴӵკ 4.6 ܌ҢǴԜᅿ ᚈѳᑽషᓎᏔΞᆀࣁӓդ੝షᓎᏔ(Gilbert Mixer)Ǵځ RFǵLO ૻဦࣣࣁѳ ᑽԄૻဦǶ

4 2

[sgn(cos )] [sgn(cos )]

( )[sgn(cos )]

IF Diff IF IF OUT OUT OUT OUT

OUT OUT OUT OUT

RF LO RF LO җԄ(4.17)܌ҢǴᚈѳᑽషᓎᏔ౛གྷ΢ё੃ନ LO-to-IF Ϸ RF-to-IF ޑऀ

೸Ƕ

1 1 1 ܭޔௗᙯඤௗԏᐒǶҗკ 4.7 ёޕǴځᒡΕୖԵᚇૻф౗(Input-Referred Noise Power)࣬ৡ 2 ७Ǵଷ೛ DSB ޑᒡΕୖԵᚇૻф౗ࣁNDSBǵᒡΕૻဦф

4.3 ᚈѳᑽ৔ᓎ༾షᓎᏔ

4.3.1 CMOS 5.2GHz ϲᓎ༾షᓎᏔ

ҁႝၡჴ౜΋ঁёаӧ 1.8 ҷ੝ 5.2GHz ϐ CMOS ৔ᓎϲᓎᏔǴკ 4.8ǴԜࢎᄬ੝ᗺࣁճҔ΋ႝࢬӝԋᏔ(Current Combiner)ஒ RF ᒡрႝࢬᙯᡂ ԋൂᆄמೌ,ٰჴ౜ൂᆄᒡрޑϲᓎ(Up-conversion)ႝၡǶ΋૓ԶقǴ೯த཮

٬ҔЬ୏ Balun բࣁᚈᆄᙯൂᆄႝၡǴόၸЬ୏ balun ҁيதڙډೲࡋޑज़ ڋǴЪጕ܄ࡋΨၨᜤᆢ࡭ǶӢԜፕЎύషᓎᏔޑ RF ᒡрᆄ௦ҔႝࢬӝԋᏔ ޑБԄஒৡ୏ᒡрૻဦᙯඤԋൂᆄᒡрԿ৔ᓎᘠݢᏔǴԶЪ٬Ҕႝࢬӝԋ ᏔޑБԄёӧόቚуཞ઻ϐΠǴёஒٿᆄৡ୏ᒡрૻဦ่ӝӢԜቚуᒡр

ૻဦޑελǶځ AC ฻ਏޑႝࢬӝԋᏔӵკ 4.9 ܌ҢǶԶᏹբচ౛ёҗკ 4.10܌ҢǴ྽ LǵC Ӆਁਔёஒϸ࣬ޑႝࢬᙯඤࣁӕ࣬࣬уǶ

კ 4.8 CMOS 5.2GHz ϲᓎ༾షᓎᏔ

i1

ஒႝᓸྍᙯࣁ฻ਏႝࢬྍǴҗ Norton Equivalent Circuit ޕ

" 1 2 2

1 1 2 1 when 2 1

1 2 I j L

I V I L C I L C

Z

j C

Z Z Z

Z

u  

Step 5ǵ6:

LC٠ᖄӅਁࣁ΋໒ၡǴനࡕٿಔႝࢬӕ࣬࣬уǶ

җ΢Ԅޑ௢ᏤޕǴךॺёճҔ΋ঁᙁൂޑ LC ႝၡ଺ࣁ RF ᆄޑ ৡ୏ᙯൂᆄᒡрႝ

ၡǶځύႝག೽ҽǴ٬Ҕ TSMC ගٮϐኳࠠǴӵკ 4.11 ܌ҢǴךᒧҔ N=2.5 ޑႝགॶǴ ځӧ 5GHz ਔԖനӳޑ Q ॶ(ऊࣁ 11)Ǵཇଯޑ Q ॶж߄๱׳ӳޑႝࢬӝԋਏ݀ǴӢԜך ॺᒧҔനλޑႝགаԖى୼εޑ Q ॶǴќѦႝགԾਁᓎ౗ӧ 15GHz а΢ᇻଯܭҁႝၡᏹ բᓎ౗Ƕ

კ 4.11!ᖥ௽ႝག!

!!!ႝ৒߾٬Ҕ TSMC ගٮϐ MIM ႝ৒ǴځኳࠠӵΠკ 4.12 ܌Ң

კ 4.12 MIM ႝ৒

΋૓தـޑ Gilbert షᓎᏔӵკ 4.6 ܌ҢǴᒡΕߞဦ࿶ၸႝᓸ-ႝࢬᙯඤ ӵკ 4.13 ܌Ң[23]Ǵႝ඲ᡏ M1ǵM2ǵM3 ᄬԋ΋ Single to Differential ϐႝ

ၡ ,M2 ࣁ Ӆ ྍ ཱུ (CS) Ǵ ځ ቚ ੻ ࣁg Vm IF Ǵ M2 ǵ M3 ࣁ ΋ ႝ ࢬ ᜔ (Current

നࡕΠጕӣٰޑ඲ТǴ࿶ၸ NDL ޑ On-Wafer ໆෳǴځໆෳ่݀ᆶኳ ᔕ่݀ӵаΠკ 4.14~19 ܌ҢǶ

ӧᒡΕᒡрޑϰଛБय़ǴᡉҢᒡΕᆄࣁ΋ႝߔ଺ࣁϰଛԶёၲԋ΋ߚ தቨޑϰଛᓎ஥Ǵϸ৔߯ኧࣁӧ 6GHz ϐ߻೿ऊӧ-15dB аΠǵᒡрᆄࣁ΋

LC ಔԋޑϰଛǴځύЈӧ 5GHz ᓎࢤऊԖ-15dB аΠǴՠڙډᇙำᇤৡޑ ቹៜ೷ԋϰଛύЈัࣁ㳿ᚆ 5.2GHz ޑᓎࢤǶӧ IF=300MhzǵLO=4.9GHz ᙯ ඤቚ੻ࣁ-9dBǴᆶኳᔕ่݀ऊԖ 4-6dB ޑᇤৡǶቚ੻ᓸᕭӧ LO ф౗ࣁ 0dbm ໆෳޑॶऊࣁ IP1dB=-5dBmǵOP1dB߾΋ኬԖ 4dB ޑᇤৡǶ႖ᚆࡋ΢

LO-RF Isolation εऊ 24dBǵLO-RF Isolation εऊ 27dBǵDC Power ໆෳک ኳᔕࣣࣁ 4.68mW (2.6mA @ 1.8V )Ƕ

---ໆෳ่݀---კ 4.14 ϸ৔߯ኧ(S11:IF ᆄ S22:RF ᆄ)

0 2 4 6 8 10

-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0

Return Loss

Frequency (GHz)

S11 S22

კ 4.15 ᙯඤቚ੻ (LO:4.9 GHz IF:300 MHz ,-20dBm)

-4 LO: 4.9GHz IF:300MHz,-2dBm

Conversion Gain (dB)

LO Power (dBm)

Measurement

-5 LO:4.9 GHz,0dBm IF:300MHz

RF Output Power (dBm)

IF Input Power (dBm) Simulation

Measurement

კ 4.17 IM3 ( LO:4.9 GHz,0dBm IF:300 MHz)

RF Output Power (dBm)

IF Input Power (dBm) Simulation Measurement

კ 4.18 LO-RF ႖ᚆࡋ

4.80 4.85 4.90 4.95 5.00

20

LO Frequency (GHz) Measurement Simulation

კ 4.19 LO-IF ႖ᚆࡋ

4.80 4.85 4.90 4.95 5.00

16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40

LO-RF Isolation

LO Frequency (GHz) Simulation Measurement

კ 4.20 Die Micro-photo(0.92*0.96 mm²) DC Bias

RF Output LO Input

IF Output

߄ 4-1 CMOS Micro-Mixer ໆෳኳᔕ่݀Кၨ

5.2GHz Micro-Mixer (TSMC 0.18µm CMOS)

Simulation Measurement

DC Current

2.6 [email protected] 2.6 mA @ 1.8V Conversion Gain -5 dB@LO:0dBm -9 dB@LO:0dBm

Input P1dB

-6 dBm -5 dBm

IIP3 1 dBm -2.5dBm

LO-RF Isolation

> 31 dB > 24 dB LO-IF Isolation > 27dB > 27 dB Input Return Loss > -16dB > -15dB Output Return Loss > -40dB > -15dB

ໆෳ่݀ӧᒡΕ/ᒡрϰଛǵᙯඤቚ੻ǵP1dBǵOIP3 ᆶኳᔕεठ֍

ӝǶԶӧ LO-IF & LO-IF ႖ᚆࡋБय़Ǵ೛ीϐਔӢࣁѦௗޑ Balun ؒԖᆒዴ ޑ model ёаኳᔕǴЪёૈ཮Ԗ୷݈ጠӝਏᔈ(Substrate Coupling) ฻ୢᚒӢ ԶၨᜤႣෳǶ

ќѦᒡрޑߔלϰଛ௦Ҕ΋ LC ϰଛǴՠჴᡍ่݀җܭک LC ႝࢬ ӝԋᏔϐ໔ؒԖߔ႖೷ԋϕ࣬ቹៜǴΨ೷ԋႝࢬӝԋޑਏ݀ό٫٬ளషᓎ Ꮤޑᙯඤቚ੻όӵႣයǶׯ๓БԄࣁঅ҅ᒡрભ႖ᚆႝࢬӝԋᏔᔈёၲډ

׳ӳޑႝࢬӝԋਏ݀Ƕ

4.3.2 JoHbQ0HbBt!ICU ᏾ӝ Sbu.Sbdf!༾షᓎᏔ

ൂ඲৔ᓎᑈᡏႝၡӧගٮλय़ᑈǵଯख़ᇙ܄ǵଯᛙۓ܄Ϸӧεໆғ

ౢਔޑեሽ਱Бय़Ǵ๏৔ᓎמೌ΋ঁࡐӳޑᒧ᏷ǶόёցᇡޑǴGaAs ޑמ

ೌȨଯᄒЗᓎ౗ǵଯႝࢬȩ฻฻ޑ੝Յӧคጕ೯ߞޑႝၡ೛ीύ΋ޔ՞Ԗ ࡐख़ाޑفՅǶҁႝၡᔕа GaAs ᇙำᇙբ΋ӄൂᆄᒡрǵᒡΕޑ৔ᓎϲᓎ షᓎᏔǴځύ LO ૻဦճҔ΋໣ᕴ(Lumped-Element)ޑ Rat-Race ٰౢғৡ୏

ૻဦᗉխΑѦௗ೏୏ޑৡ୏ႝၡޑሡाǶRF ᒡрᆄ΋ኬ٬ҔႝࢬӝԋᏔٰ

ౢғൂᆄޑᒡрǴՠࣁΑ٬ႝࢬӝԋᏔૈߥ࡭҅தπբЪၲډکѦௗႝၡ ޑϰଛǴךॺӧᒡрᆄу΢΋Ӆ໣ཱུ-Ӆ໣ཱུ(Common-Collector Common Collector)ޑᒡрભٰගٮکѦ೽ႝၡϰଛǴԶКଆൂભޑӅ໣ཱུܫεᏔ೭ ኬޑᒡрࢎᄬૈԖ୼זޑᓎ౗ៜᔈஒૻဦᒡрǶځ᏾ᡏႝၡӵკ 4.21 ܌ ҢǶ

კ 4.21 ճҔ໣ᕴ Rat-Race ϐϲᓎ༾షᓎᏔ

LO ߞဦ೽ҽǴԵቾЬ୏ޑ Balun ନΑԖф౗੃઻ѦǴӧӵԜଯޑᓎ

౗ ځ ਁ ൯ ک ࣬ Տ ཮ Ԗ ό ѳ ᑽ ޑ ௃ ݩ Ǵ Ӣ Ԝ ך ׯ Ҕ Tee-Network ک N e t w o r k

S  ٰಔԋ໣ᕴ Rat-Race ٰౢғ΋ಔৡ୏ߞဦǴ໣ᕴ Rat-Race

ႝၡӵკ 4.22 ܌Ң[24]Ƕځኳᔕ S ୖኧӵკ 4.23 ܌ҢǶ

კ 4.22 ໣ᕴ Rat-Race

კ 4.23 Rat-Race S ୖኧኳᔕ(ႝ৒ॶ+/-15%ᡂϯ )

კ 4.23 ኳᔕᡉҢǴ྽ႝ৒Ԗ+/- 15%ޑᡂϯਔځ࣬ՏϷਁ൯ޑᡂϯጄ ൎǴԶځᇤৡᗋӧёௗڙޑำࡋǶ

ӧԜϲᓎᏔޑᒡр೽ҽǴ΋ኬ٬Ҕკ 4.10 ϐႝࢬӝԋᏔᒡрൂᆄႝ

ࢬǴࣁΑ٬ႝࢬӝԋᏔόڙѦ೽ޑႝၡቹៜǴӧᒡрᆄу΢΋ CC-CC ޑ጗

ፂભ႖ᚆѦ೽ޑႝၡǶځႝၡӵΠკ 4.24 ܌ҢǴځ AC ኳᔕϐᓎ౗ៜᔈ (R_L=500 Ohm)ӵკ 4.25Ǵӧ 5GHz ޑ RF ᓎࢤځ૰෧ำࡋᗋӧࡐλޑॶǶ

კ 4.24 CC-CC ᒡрભ

კ 4.25 CC-CC ᒡрભ ਁ൯࣬Տៜᔈ

ᒡΕᙯᏤભ೽ҽӵკ 4.26 ܌ҢǴځ୷ҁᏹբБԄӵკ 4.13 ࣬ӕǴՠࣁΑ

٬ᒡΕૻဦ׳ѳᑽǴךॺу΢ Q4 ႝ඲ᡏ٬ٿᆄޑ DC ޑᓸफ़࣬ӕǴόҔӆ

٬Ҕ΋ঁεႝߔǴё٬C_S(Q2)฻ਏ΢ޑ Miller ႝ৒෧λǴ٬Ѱѓৡ୏ૻဦ

׳ࣁჹᆀǶ

m in

g V

 ˜ gm˜Vin

კ 4.26 অ҅ϐᒡΕᙯᏤભ ---ኳᔕ่݀---

კ 4.27 RF ᒡрᓎ᛼ (LO:4.9GHz,-5dBm IF :300MHz,-20dBm) ኳᔕ

კ 4.28 ᙯඤቚ੻ (LO:4.9 GHz IF:300MHz -20dBm) ኳᔕ

კ 4.29 ᙯඤቚ੻ vs. IF ᓎ౗ (LO:4.9GHz,-5dBm IF:-20dBm ) ኳᔕ

კ 4.30 P1dB (LO:4.9GHz,-5dBm IF:300MHz ) ኳᔕ

კ 4.31 IM3 (LO:4.9GHz,-5dBm IF:300 & 301MHz,-20dBm ) ኳᔕ

RF Output Matching

Frequency (GHz)

RF output matching

კ 4.33 ᙯඤቚ੻ (LO:4.9GHz IF:300MHz,-31.5dBm)!

-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0

LO: 4.9 GHz IF: 300MHz -31.5dBm

Conversion Gain (dB)

LO Power (dBm)

CG vs. LO Power

კ 4.34 RF ᓎቨ(LO:4.9 GHz IF:0.01~1.1GHz,-31.5dBm)

2 LO:4.9 GHz -3.7dBm IF:-31.5 dBm

Conversion Gain (dB)

IF Frequency (GHz) CG vs. IF Frequency

კ 4.35 P1dB (LO:4.9 GHz -3.7dBm IF:300MHz USB:5.2GHz LSB:4.6GHz )

-10 LO:4.9GHz -3.7dBm IF:300 MHz

RF Output Power(dBm)

IF Input Power(dBm) USB 5.2 GHz LSB 4.6 GHz

.

კ 4.36 IM3 ( Input IF Power=-20dbm)

კ 4.37 Die Microphoto (1*1 mm²) IF Input

LO Input

DC Bias

RF Output

߄ 4.2 ճҔ໣ᕴ Rat-Race ϲᓎ༾షᓎᏔኳᔕ่݀

5.2GHz Micro-Mixer with Lumped-Rat Race (GCT 2µm HBT)

Simulation Measurement

DC Current 6.1mA@5V 6.5mA @5V Conversion Gain 6.5 dB@LO:-5dBm 1dB @LO:-8dBm

Input P1dB -16.5 dBm -11 dBm LO-RF Isolation >45dB 38 dB

LO-IF Isolation >60 dB N/A Input Return Loss <-18 dB N/A Output Return Loss <-10 dB <-15dB

-- ่݀ᆶ૸ፕ—

ӧҁႝၡύ΋ኬ٬ҔႝࢬӝԋᏔ଺ࣁϲᓎᏔޑൂᆄᒡр BalunǴՠ

࿶ၸ CC ޑᒡрભǴځೲࡋ୼זёаஒ RF ᒡрǴќѦǴҗܭ CC-CC ޑᒡрભޑբҔё٬ႝࢬӝԋᏔ҅தπբЪᒡрΨԖ΋όᒱޑϰ ଛǶќѦךॺёа࣮ډ RF ޑ USB Ϸ LSB ф౗ऊৡ 4dBǴ೭ࢂҗܭႝࢬ ӝԋᏔӅਁӧ USB ޑচӢǶԿܭ LO-RF ႖ᚆࡋ࿶җໆෳ่݀ऊࣁ 38dBǴLO ᒡΕᆄޑ໣ᕴ Rat-Racing Balun ޑ࣬Տᇤৡ೷ԋޑ႖ᚆࡋޑ ቹៜ՟ЯόεǶ

4.4 ൂᜐᓎ஥ϲᓎᏔ

4.4.1 CMOS ൂᜐᓎ஥ϲᓎᏔ

ӧಃΒകගډკ 2.18 ύࣁ΋ঁதـޑᚈख़ᙯඤϲᓎႝၡǴόӕܭޔௗ

ᙯඤวଌᐒǴٿԛޑϲᓎᗨёᗉխҁӦਁᕏ܎רޑୢᚒǴՠҗܭ࿶ၸύᓎ ޑᙯඤǴӧಃΒભޑషᓎᏔሡा΋ঁѦௗޑଯ Q ॶޑᘠݢᏔǴόܰ᏾ӝԋ

ൂ඲ТႝၡǴӢԶךॺճҔ΋ঁ I/Q ೯ၰޑࢎᄬǴკ 4.38Ǵٰ଺(Single Sideband)ൂᜐᓎϲᓎޑ୏բаᗉխషᓎ܌ౢғޑᜐᓎ(Sibeband)ǴӵԜஒё ᗉխሡा٬Ҕ΋ଯ Q ॶޑᘠݢᏔǶ

cosZ2t

2Z1

Z1

2Z1

Z1

90 shifter0

cos tZ1

sin tZ1

1 2

Z Z

1 2

Z Z

Z2

კ 4.38 ൂᜐᓎϲᓎᏔࢎᄬ

ൂᜐᓎ஥ϲᓎᏔӵკ 3.18 ܌ҢǴӧҁႝၡύճҔႝࢬӝԋᏔஒٿಔష ᓎᏔޑϪඤႝࢬ࣬уӆᙯൂᆄᒡрǴځႝၡკӵΠკ 4.39 ܌ҢǶ

კ 4.39 ൂᜐᓎϲᓎᏔ᏾ᡏႝၡ

ᒡΕᆄႝᓸႝࢬᙯඤભ௦Ҕکკ 4.26 ࣬ӕޑࢎᄬǴӵΠკ 4.40 ܌ҢǶ

კ 4.40 অ҅ϐᒡΕᙯᏤભ

--ໆෳ่݀--კ 4.41 RF ᓎ᛼(IF:300MHz LO:4.9GHzÆUSB:5.2GHz LSB:4.9GHz)

კ 4.42 USB LSB ᒡрф౗ vs. IF ᓎ౗ໆෳ่݀

0 100 200 300 400 500

-58 -56 -54 -52 -50 -48 -46 -44 -42 -40 -38 -36 -34

USB & LSB Output Power

IF Frequency (MHz) LSB

USB

კ 4.43 SSB ϲᓎᏔ Micro-Photo

4.5 ᜔Ⴝૻဦ׭ڋफ़ᓎႝၡ

คጕ୔ୱᆛၡޑᑫଆ஥୏Α 5GHz ޑ৔ᓎ඲Тว৖Ǵӧҁക࿯ךॺஒ

૸ፕ΋፾Ҕܭ 802.11a ޑ 5GHz ᓎࢤ᜔֖Ⴝ׭ڋфૈޑ৔ᓎफ़ᓎᏔǶӧಃ

ΒǵΟക࿯ךॺ૸ፕ΋եύᓎࢎᄬޑௗԏᐒǴόՠؒԖ႟ύᓎޑޔࢬୃ

౽ǵեᓎᚇૻ฻ୢᚒǴЪ࣬ჹܭѦৡԄԖ׳ଯޑس಍᏾ӝࡋǴӢԜӧക࿯

ύ௦Ҕ҅Ҭፄኧफ़ᓎᏔᆶ RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔٰ଺ࣁեύᓎޑௗԏᐒǴа Πϩձϟಏൂ҅Ҭ࣬Տᆶᚈ҅Ҭ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ೛ीǶ

4.5.1 InGaP/GaAs HBT ൂ҅Ҭ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ

ჹܭ΋ঁեύᓎࢎᄬޑௗԏᐒǴճҔፄኧफ़ᓎషᓎᏔᆶፄኧᘠݢᏔ

ၲԋ᜔ႽૻဦѐନޑфૈǶ൩΋ಔ҅ҬషᓎᏔёԖӵΠკ 4.44 ٿᅿޑӼ௨ RF Output

LO Input

DC Bias

IF I/Q Input

БݤǴRF ૻဦ҅Ҭ܈ޣ LO ૻဦ҅ҬǶҁႝၡࢎᄬ௦Ҕ LO ૻဦ҅Ҭ࣬Տ ޑБԄǶ

კ 4.44 ൂ҅Ҭ࣬Տեύᓎࢎᄬ ӧკ 4.44(a)ύଷ೛࿶җ RF ᒡΕૻဦࣁ

RF sinZ_RFt!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (4.22) аϷ LO ҅Ҭৡ୏ૻဦࣁ!

cos , cos sin , sin

LO LO

LO LO

I t I t

Q t Q t

Z Z

Z Z

­°®

°¯

  

   !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! (4.23) ќѦ᜔Ⴝૻဦࣁ!

Image sinZ_imt (4.24) ځύ Z_RF Z_LO Z_LOZ_im Z_IF

RF ૻဦϷ᜔Ⴝૻဦӕਔ࿶ၸፄኧషᓎᏔफ़ᓎࡕǴӅᒡрѤঁ࣬ՏǴϩ ձࣁ Vout_I+, Vout_Q–, Vout_I–, Vout_Q+ǶځኧᏢԄё߄ҢӵΠ[6]

)

RFuLO SQDC outputs

(Low-pass) ImageuLO SQDC outputs (Low-pass)

cosZ_IFt cosZ_IFt



sinZ_IFt

 sinZ_IFt

cosZ_IFt cosZ_IFt



sinZ_IFt

 sinZ_IFt

Desired Sequence_(RFuLO) Image Sequence (ImuLO)

კ 4.45 ҅ॄᓎ౗ׇӈ

ӧಃΟകύךॺς࿶ϟಏၸ RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔޑπբচ౛ǴԶ ӧ 802.11a ޑೕ਱ύǴ؂ঁᓎၰࣁ 20MHz ޑᓎቨǴӧҁႝၡύೕჄύᓎࣁ 20~40MHz ޑᓎ஥ǶӢԜךॺѸሡՍᖄӭભޑ RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔаၲډ ى୼ޑᓎቨᆶ᜔Ⴝ׭ڋфૈǶΠკ 4.46 ࣁ΋܌ीᆉрၲډ΋ۓޑ᜔Ⴝ׭ڋ ф ૈᆶ ܌ሡ ᓎቨ ǵ ܌ሡ ભኧ ޑᜢ ߯Ƕ ӧ Ԝႝ ၡ೛ ीύ Ǵύ ᓎ ࣁ 20~40 MHzǴ fmax/f_min ޑКॶࣁ 2ǶӢԜऩךॺ܌ሡޑ҅ॄᓎ౗ૻဦ׭ڋК౗ӧ 60dBа΢Ǵ߾ሡԿϿѤભޑ RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔǶ

კ 4.46 όӕભኧ RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔ᜔Ⴝ׭ڋК౗

ځύ-೏୏ޑӭભ SD.DS ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔ೛ी؁ᡯӵΠ܌Ң;!

Step 1)ीᆉ᜔Ⴝ׭ڋޑᓎቨǴаϷ܌ሡाޑભኧ!

Step 2)Ӄ،ۓനଯϷനեޑཱུᗺ

Step 3)ӆа൳ՖኧӈޑБԄӼ௨ځѬޑཱུᗺ

Step 4)!ᒿભኧቚуႝߔॶǶ!

Step 5)!೛ीനࡕ΋ભޑܫεᏔаံᓭᘠݢᏔ೷ԋޑ૰෧!

؂ঁᘠݢᏔࣣҗѤભޑൂཱུᗺӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔ܌ಔԋǴځύЈᓎ౗ࣁ 30MHzޑ 20Mhz ᓎቨǴځႝၡǴϷኳᔕ่݀ϩձӵΠკ 4.47 ܌ҢǶ.

კ 4.47 Ѥભ RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔ

კ 4.48 ύǴ߄ҢΑ҅ᓎ౗ᆶॄᓎ౗ޑᓎ౗ៜᔈǴଷ೛ᒡΕૻဦᓎ౗ࣁ

!ࣁΑ෧Ͽ SD ޑᇤৡቹៜǴךॺճҔٿભޑ SD.DS ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔٰౢғ

ځύեᚇૻܫεᏔ೽ҽࣁ΋ٿભ୴᠄Ԅ(Cascode)ࢎᄬǴӵΠკ 4.51 ܌

Measurement Data Simulation Data

NF(dB)

Զ InGaP/GaAs HBT షᓎᏔϐ೛ी୷ҁࢎᄬӧ 4.3.2 ࿯ς૸ፕၸǴӧԜ όӆᇥܴǶ

ќѦǴҗܭ೏୏ޑ RC ܌ಔԋޑӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔϐ೛ൎࣁΑ෧Ͽ Loading ޑਏᔈځႝߔޑଛ࿼ሡᒿ๱ભኧቚуԶቚуǴՠႝߔΨ೷ԋΑૻဦޑ૰

෧ǶӧԜǴךॺҗ΋ભޑύᓎܫεᏔٰံᓭӢԶӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔ܌೷ԋޑ૰

෧ǶύᓎܫεᏔӵΠკ 4.53 ܌ҢǴځύᒡрҗӅ໣ཱུޑܫεᏔၲԋᆶѦ೽

ႝၡޑϰଛǶ

კ 4.53 ύᓎܫεᏔ

!!!

җܭ [21]ύޑႝၡ೛ीࣁճҔໆෳႝ඲ᡏ่݀܌೛ीޑեᚇૻܫεᏔǴ ځեᚇૻܫεᏔႝၡх֖Α S ୖኧϷᚇૻࡰኧǴ٠όх֖εૻဦޑኳᔕǴ ӢԜؒᒣݤکషᓎᏔ΋ଆ଺ HB ޑኳᔕǴӢԶаΠࣁόх֖եᚇૻܫεᏔޑ

ൂ҅Ҭፄኧफ़ᓎᏔޑኳ่݀Ǵ

!

!

!

..ኳᔕ่݀..!

კ 4.54 ᙯඤቚ੻(RF=5.2 GHz Image=5.14 GHz LO=5.17 GHz)

კ 4.55 ᙯඤቚ੻ vs. IF ᓎ౗

კ 4.56 P1dB(RF:5.2GHz LO:5.17GHz)

კ 4.57 IM3 (RF:5.2GHz LO:5.17GHz)

߄ 4.4 LNA+SQDC ໆෳኳᔕ่݀

LNA+Single Quadrature Down-Converter (GCT 2˩ m HBT)

ʳ

ʳʳ ^Simulationʳ Measurementʳ

DC Currentʳ ^13mA@5Vʳ 14mA@5V(SQDC) 10.5mA @3.4V(LNA)ʳ

Conversion Gainʳ 15dB@LO:-5dBmʳ 3dB@LO:-5dBmʳ

Input P1dBʳ ^{-12 dBm}ʳ ^-20dBmʳ

IIP3ʳ ^{-9 dBm}ʳ ^-15.6dBmʳ

Image Rejectionʳ ^{>50 dB}ʳ ^25dBʳ

LO-RF Isolationʳ ^{> 60 dB}ʳ ^N/Aʳ

LO-IF Isolationʳ ^{> 30 dB}ʳ ^N/Aʳ

S11/S22ʳ ^{-19/-9 dB}ʳ -14dB/-15dBʳ

Input Return Loss (dB)

F req u en cy (G H z)

Output Return Loss

F re q u e n c y (G H z )

IF O u tp u t R e tu rn L o s s

კ 4.61 ᙯඤቚ੻ໆෳ

Conversion Gain (dB)

IF F re q u e n c y (M H z )

Conversion Gain (dbm)

L O P o w e r (d B m )

C o n v e rs io n G a in v s . L O P o w e r

კ 4.62 SQDC Micro-Photo(1.5*2mm²)

4.5.2 InGaP/GaAs HBT ᚈ҅Ҭ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔ

ҁႝၡϐ৔ᓎᓎࢤೕჄ΋ኬࣁଞჹܭคጕ୔ୱᆛၡ 802.11a ޑᔈҔጄ ൎǶځύ RF ᓎ౗ࣁ 5.2 GHz ޑ 20MHz ᓎࢤǴLO ᓎ౗߾ࣁ 5.17GHzǴӢԜ IF ࣁύЈᓎ౗ࣁ 30MHz ޑ 20MHz ᓎቨᓎࢤǶځႝၡޑ᏾ᡏࢎᄬӵΠკ܌

ҢǴх֖ΑѤঁషᓎᏔ܌ಔԋޑᚈ҅Ҭፄኧफ़ᓎᏔǵѐନ᜔Ⴝૻဦޑ RC-CR ӭ࣬ՏᘠݢᏔǵLO Ϸ RF ޑ҅Ҭ࣬ՏౢғᏔǴаϷ RF ᒡΕᆄޑ೏୏ৡ

୏ૻဦౢғᏔǶځႝၡკӵ 4.63 ܌ҢǴځύ RF ᒡΕᆄޑৡ୏ૻဦҗ΋໣ᕴ ޑ Rat-Race ٰౢғǶࣁΑၲډ׳ଯޑ᜔Ⴝ׭ڋфૈǴךॺ٬Ҕᚈ҅Ҭޑፄ ኧफ़ᓎᏔǴӵკ 3.8a ܌ҢǴҗܭ RF ૻဦӃ࿶ၸ҅Ҭޑၡ৩εε෧ϿΑύᓎ

᜔Ⴝૻဦ೷ԋޑख़᠄Ǵ٬ளගଯΑ᜔Ⴝ׭ڋޑૈΚǴฅԶ࣬ჹܭൂ҅Ҭፄ ኧफ़ᓎᏔሡा׳ፄᚇޑႝၡǶ΋૓ԶقǴाၲډ 60dB ޑ᜔Ⴝ׭ڋфૈǴᚈ

RF Input

LO Input

IF Input

DC Bias

҅Ҭፄኧफ़ᓎᏔѝሡၲډ 3%ޑ҅Ҭ࣬Տ҅ዴ౗ǴԶჹܭൂ҅Ҭޑፄኧफ़ᓎ

ӧ RF ᒡΕᆄޑ᏾ӝࢎᄬӵΠკ܌ҢǴךॺճҔ΋૓ޑ Gilbert షᓎᏔ

RF ૻဦϷ᜔Ⴝૻဦӕਔ࿶ၸᚈ҅ҬፄኧషᓎᏔफ़ᓎࡕǴӅᒡрΖঁ࣬

(Low-pass) Imageu LO DQDC outputs (Low-pass)

--ኳᔕ่݀—

კ 4.66 IRR(RF:5.2GHz LO:5.17GHz Image:5.14 GHz) ኳᔕ

კ 4.67 ᙯඤቚ੻(RF:5.2GHz LO:5.17GHz) ኳᔕ

კ 4.68 P1dB (RF:5.2GHz LO:5.17GHz) ኳᔕ

კ 4.69 IM3 (RF:5.200&5.201GHz LO:5.17GHz)

კ 4.70 RF ᆄϸ৔߯ኧ

კ 4.71 DQDC Layout (2.5*2 mm²)

߄ 4.6 DQDC ኳᔕ่݀

Double Quadrature Down-Converter (GCT 2µm HBT)

Simulation DC Current 35.2mA@ 5V Conversion Gain 10 dB@ LO:-5dbm

P1dB -18 dBm

IIP3/OIP3 -7.8dBm/0.3 dBm Image Rejection >70 dB

LO-RF Isolation >40 dB LO-IF Isolation >60 dB Input Return Loss -8 dB RF Input

LO Input

IF Output

DC Bias

!

..่݀ᆶ૸ፕȋ!

!!җܭ٬Ҕᚈ҅Ҭ࣬ՏޑࢎᄬǴ࣬Տǵਁ൯ޑᇤৡჹ᜔Ⴝૻဦ׭ڋК

౗ޑቹៜςε൯फ़եǴځ᜔Ⴝૻဦ׭ڋК౗ࣣӧ 70dB а΢ǴЪჹܭ J0R ޑ

ਁ൯ǵ࣬Տ௵གࡋၨࣁ෧ϿǶ!

ಃϖക!

่ፕ!

ӧҁጇፕЎךॺࣴᇙΑᔈҔܭคጕ୔∡ᆛၡޑӓդ੝షᓎᏔǴ٠Ъ ճҔ΋অ҅ϐႝᓸ-ႝࢬᙯඤભٰၲԋ΋ቨᓎϰଛޑᒡΕભǶќѦǴճҔፄ ኧफ़ᓎࢎᄬჴ౜Αڀ᜔Ⴝૻဦ׭ڋޑफ़ᓎᏔǶ

TSMC 0.18um CMOSᇙำБय़Ǵх֖Α΋ճҔႝࢬӝԋᏔౢғൂᆄ ᒡрϐϲᓎ༾షᓎᏔǴჴᡍ่݀ᆶኳᔕ่݀εठ಄ӝǴჴᡍ่݀ᡉҢషᓎᏔ ᏱԖ-9dB ޑቚ੻ǵ-5dBm ϐ P1dB ቚ੻ᓸᕭǵ-2.5dBm ϐ IIP3ǵᆶ 4.68mW ([email protected]) ޑф౗੃઻Ǵ٠Ъ΋ࡐቨޑᒡΕϰଛǶќѦ΋ൂᓎ஥ޑϲᓎ ᏔǴ߾Ԗऊ 20dB ޑᜐᓎ׭ڋǴ೭Бय़൩ၨό಄ӝኳᔕႣය่݀Ƕ

ӧ GCT 2.0um HBT ᇙำǴჴ౜Α΋ঁ᏾ӝ໣ᕴ Rat-Racing Balun ᆶ

ႝࢬӝԋᏔޑϲᓎషᓎᏔǴჴᡍ่݀ᡉҢషᓎᏔᏱԖ 1dB ޑቚ੻ǵ-11dBm ϐ P1dB ቚ੻ᓸᕭǵ-10 dBm ϐ IIP3Ǵᆶ 32.5mW (6.5mA@ 5V)ޑф౗੃

઻Ǵჴᡍ่݀ᆶኳᔕ่݀Ψεठ಄ӝǶќѦ᜔Ⴝѐନफ़ᓎᏔБय़Ǵх֖ൂ҅

Ҭᆶᚈ҅Ҭ࣬Տޑፄኧफ़ᓎᏔǴൂ҅Ҭ࣬Տफ़ᓎᏔኳᔕԖ 50dB Ѱѓޑ᜔Ⴝ

׭ڋǴՠၨܰڙਁ൯ǵ࣬ՏᇤৡޑቹៜǴᚈ҅Ҭफ़ᓎᏔ᏾ӝΑ΋໣ᕴޑ Rat-Racing BalunǴኳᔕ߾Ԗऊ 70dB ޑ᜔Ⴝ׭ڋЪჹܭ࣬Տǵਁ൯ᇤৡޑ௵ག ࡋၨࣁλǶ

ୖԵЎ᝘!

[1] ݚՕ೛,”෗᙮ᕴፖڍઌۯៀंᕴ”,ഏمխᘋՕᖂጚՓᓵ֮, 2003

[2] B. Razavi, “RF Microelectronics,” Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR, 1998, Chapter 5.6

[3] J. Crols and M. Steyaert, “CMOS Wireless Transceiver Design,” Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000, Chapter 3.

[4]T. H. Lee, The Design of CMOS Radio-frequency Integrated Circuits, Cambridge University Press, 1998.

[5] B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuit, Mc Graw Hill,1996.

[6] Farbod Behbahani, Yoji Kishigami, John Leete, and Asad Abidi, “CMOS Mixers and Polyphase Filters for Large Image Rejection,” IEEE Journal of solid-state circuits, VOL. 36, NO. 6, JUNE 2001.

[7] Jan Crols and Michiel Steyaert, “An Analog Integrated Polyphase Filter for a High Performance Low-IF Receiver,” Proc. VLSI Circuits Symposium, Kyoto, pp. 87-88, June 1995.

[8] A. A. Abidi, A. Rofougaran, G. Chang, J. Rael, J. Chang, M. Rofougaran, and P.Chang, “The Future of CMOS Wireless Transceivers,” Digest of Technical Papers, ISSCC, pp. 118-119, San Francisco, 1997.

[9] J. Crols and M. Steyaert, “A Fully Integrated 900 MHz CMOS Double Quadrature Downconverter,” Proc. ISSCC, Session 8.1, San Francisco, Feb. 1995.

[11] Farbod Behbahani, J. C. Leete, Y. Kishigami, A. Rothmerier, K. Hoshino, and A.

A. Abidi, “A 2.4-GHz Low-IF receiver for wideband WLAN in 0.6͔ m CMOS-Architecture and front-end,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, pp.

1908-1916, Dec 2000.

[12] M. Steyaert and R. Roovers, “A 1-GHz Single-Chip Quadrature Modulator,”

IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. SC-27, no. 8, pp. 1194-1196, Aug. 1992.

[13] Thomas H. Lee, Hirad Samavati, and Hamid R. Rategh, “5-GHz CMOS Wireless LANs,” IEEE Trans. on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 50, no. 1, Jan. 2002.

[14] Ting-Ping Liu and Eric Westerwick, “5-GHz CMOS Ratio Transceiver Front- End Chipset,” IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 35, no. 12, Dec. 2000.

[15] Jean-Olivier Plouchart, Herschel Ainspan, Mehmet Soyuer, “A 5.2 GHz 3.3V I/Q SiGe RF Transceiver,” IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, 1999.

[16] H. Samavati, H. Rategh, and T. Lee, “A 12.4-mW CMOS front-end for a 5-GHz wireless LAN receiver,” in Symp. VLSI Circuits, pp. 87-90, June 1999.

[17]Hooman Darabi and Asad A. Abidi, “Noise in RF-CMOS mixers a simple physical model,” IEEE Transaction of Solid-State Circuits, vol.35, No.1, pp.15-25, Jun. 2000.

[18] Hirad Samavati, Hamid R. Rategh and T. H. Lee, “A 5GHz CMOS

Wireless-LAN Receiver Front-End,” IEEE J. of Solid-State Circuits, vol.35, No.5, pp.765-772, May 2000.

[19]S. G. Lee and J. K. Choi, ϘCurrent-reuse bleeding mixer,ϙElectron. Lett, vol.36, no.8, pp.696-697, April 2000

[22] K.L. Fong, R.G. Meyer,”Monolithic Active Mixer Design”,IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems-II: Anaolg and Digital Signal Processing,Vol. 46, NO. 3, March 1999, pp. 231~239.

[23]B. Gilbert,”The MICROMIXER: A Highly Linear Variant of the Gilbert Mixer Using a Bisymmetric Class-AB Input Stage “, IEEE JSSC Vol. 32 pp.1412~1413, Sept. 1997

[24] S.J. Parisi,” A Lumped-Element Rat-Race Coupler”, Applied Microwaves, Aug/Sept 1989,p84

բޣᙁϟ!

ۉӜǺܴ݅ڻ!

рғԃДВǺ҇୯!67ԃ 9Д 16В!

ᝤೣǺѠ᡼࣪໦݅ᑜ!

ᏢᐕǺ୯ҥѠύЎ๮ଯύ!(1994/9~1997/6)

୯ҥҬ೯εᏢႝߞπำᏢس!(1997/9~2002/6) ୯ҥҬ೯εᏢႝߞπำ܌ႝݢಔ!(2002/9~2004/6)

在文檔中 射頻吉伯特混頻器設計與實作 (頁 71-0)