三、 研究方法
4.6 優選模式之比較
表 7 所列為結合不同時間尺度標準化河川流量指標(SSI)之優選模式二(3 旬,方案 NS3)、三(9 旬,
方案 NS9)、四(18 旬,方案 NS18)的整合目標函數值,並與現況營運(方案 C)及僅考慮蓄水區間模糊化 優選模式一(方案 N)比較。由表列結果可知,優選模式三(9 旬,方案 NS9)的整合目標函數值最高(0.7264) 最高,接著是優選模式四(18 旬,方案 NS18)之 0.7257,最後則是優選模式二(3 旬,方案 NS3)之 0.7256,
其與模式一(方案 N)之 0.7256 相同,皆優於現況營運(方案 C)之 0.6503。由此可知 SSI 指標的時間尺度 長短對於水庫供水的影響,連續 9 旬是合適的參考依據,連續 3 旬的時間尺度稍嫌不足,造成結果與 模式一相同,無法優化此計算模式;連續 18 旬雖可以以提高缺水旬數分散高缺水率與總缺水量,但對 於最大缺水率的改善較連續 9 旬之模式差,因此連續 9 旬之 SSI 指標(優選模式三,方案 NS9)是可作為 水庫營運最佳策略之參考。
表 9 所列為結合不同時間尺度蓄水量趨勢變化之優選模式五(3 旬,方案 NT3)、六(9 旬,方案 NT9)、
七(18 旬,方案 NT18)的整合目標函數值,以整合目標函數值為依據,時間尺度為 9 旬(優選模式六,方 案 NT9)之 0.7273 為最佳,次之為 3 旬(優選模式五,方案 NT3)之 0.7257,最後則是 18 旬(優選模式七,
方案 NT18)之 0.7256。由此可知蓄水量趨勢變化的時間尺度長短對於水庫供水的影響,連續 9 旬是合 適的參考依據,連續 18 旬的時間尺度太長,造成結果無法較模式一為優;連續 3 旬雖分散了極端缺水 的狀況,但對於總缺水量的改善較連續 9 旬之模式不理想,因此連續 9 旬(優選模式六,方案 NT9)之蓄 水量變化趨勢是作為水庫營運策略中最適合的時間尺度。
綜合比較表 7 與表 9,時間尺度均以 9 旬(優選模式三(方案 NS9)及優選模式六(方案 NT9))為最佳,
惟優選模式六之整合目標函數值 0.7273 為最佳略高於優選模式三之 0.7264,因此以優選模式六(方案 NT9)是最適合作為改善現況水庫營運策略的優選模式。
五、結論與建議
本計畫以計畫需水量制定水庫營運規線,並將水庫蓄水區間模糊化,考量過去水庫入流量及蓄水 量變化(標準化河川流量指標及需水量升降變化趨勢)豐枯為輔助水庫供水依據,建立七種優選模式,並 利用五項缺水指標評估各模式與現況營運之缺水情形。經應用於位在台灣南部之南化水庫與甲仙攔河 堰系統探討上述方案後可獲致以下結論。
1. 本計畫以計畫需水量定義水庫營運規線配合水庫蓄水區間模糊化之研究成果顯示,計畫需水量可真 實反應水庫蓄水之豐枯情形,而將蓄水區間模糊化可減少供水係數大幅度跳動的狀況,能有效提高 供水效益。
2. 本計畫結合 SSI 流量指標之優選模式中,連續 9 旬與連續 18 旬之整合目標函數值(0.7264、0.7258) 皆優於僅有蓄水區間模糊化之結果(0.7256),連續 3 旬之結果則相同。代表連續 9 旬之 SSI 指標對 於水庫營運規劃是最合適之時間尺度。
3. 本計畫將水庫蓄水量變化趨勢作為水庫營運之參考依據,連續 3 旬與連續 9 旬之整合目標函數值 (0.7257、0.7273)較僅有蓄水區間模糊化之結果(0.7256)為優,連續 18 旬之結果則相同。結果顯示連 續 9 旬之水庫蓄水量變化趨勢為最佳參考依據。
4. 綜合考量兩種不同指標和時間尺度對於各項目標函數值之影響,本計畫認為最合適之方案為優選模 式六(蓄水區間模糊化結合連續 9 旬水庫蓄水量變化趨勢)。
未來仍有下述建議可供進一步之研究。
1. 本計畫對於蓄水區間、SSI 流量指標以及水庫蓄水量變化趨勢之模糊化,其隸屬函數之斜率皆為固 定,未來研究可調整斜率改變各區間之隸屬度,探討其對供水狀況的影響。
2. 對於水庫營運規劃,入流量與蓄水量為重要之操作資源,本研究僅嘗試將與上述兩項資料相關之 指標結合基礎模式,建議未來研究可考慮將兩項指標同時作為水庫營運模式的參考依據。
3. 本計畫僅過去的河川流量指標與蓄水量變化趨勢作為水庫供水依據之目的,建議未來研究可配合 水庫入流量預估模式,或許能達到更有效的供水效率。
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