啥叫AO的nHr﹒的kbwuOW恥cvuuh
叫“祉，山 間叮到浴缸叫
tuanh -solec psccgs
一一一一一一
-A呵，品司34.戶、JKU
7 - peerjfriend
8 一位。ctorjnurse
9 - sÓCÌal worker 10 - minister 11 - talk to no one 12 - other
Jumor sophomore
semor 山且血且姐姐血岫
-175 一
BUlletin of Na尬。na1 Taiwan Norma1 University Vol. XXVIl‘
Null.的'pothesisFour
The important concern in hypothesis four was the relations between geographical location group and helper group. The hypothesis asked the question,
“
Do students have a significant difference in selecting helpers based on the geographical10cation of the school?" The results of the Chi-Square are reported in Table 12. Sfuce the X2 obtained was significant beyond the .0011evel, the null hypothesis was rejected and the relationship was graphed usfug the appropriate cell percent in Figure 3. The decision to reject indicates that there was significantdifference 卸 students' choice of helpers based on geographicallocation of school, and the graph describes 血atinformation.
The relationship in Figure 3 indicat臼 that the students 泊 Taichung，
Kaohsiung, and I-Lan preferred to choose the parents, peers, and sister-brother 品
helpers more frequently than other helpers while the students in Taipei prefèrred to choose p前en峙， peer
s,
and no one more frequently. The graph also indicates that in reference to the top three sources of help there was a tendency for students in Taìpeì to choose peer-friend and no one more frequently than students in Taichung, Kaohsiung, and I~Lan. The students 凶 Kaohsiung and Taichung tended to select pal'ents more often than the students in Taipei and 1-Lan and the students in I-1-Lan showed a tendency to select sister-brother more than the students ín the other three areas.Discuss;on
The resu1ts of this study have positive implications for peer dynamics. Peers seem to be an important choice as a helping person relative to junior high school students inc1uded in this study, even though p訂ents were the most preferred sources of help. The fact that the peer was the second from the top three persons students most frequent1y chose indicates that students use their natural relation-ships with parents as their first source of help. But if this breaks down or proves unsatisfactory the students do view their peers as persons to whom they could turn for help.
The fact that parents are the first choice and the sister-brother is the third
一 176ι
Table 12
The Relations Between Helper and Geographical Location
I-Lan
〉mzmqg岱mFOHZ間。
-BHmEMUHHMR回事會古巴個
HHHHFOMNOUUσ]HnRnzs 6.49 6 GeneraJ c1ass teacherSchool administrator
Bulletin of Nationa1 Taiwan Norma1 University Vol. XXVII Figure 3
Interaction Between Helper and Geographica1 Location
60.00
genera1 dass teacher 5
A Study on the Peer-Helpers in Junior 血gh Schools in the Repu blic of Chlna
choice is an indication that students in this study view the family as a
v:
tal part of their lives, and see their parents and sister-brother as resources in time of trouble.It reflects Chinese cultural characteristics which indicate that fami1ies exert great influence over their chi1dren's 1ives. Meanwhile, it also indicates that even though peer dynamics is an increasing influence on adolescents, p訂閱ts sti11 act as a primary and 扭lportant source for adolescents to seek help. This finding lends credence to the practice of increasing the p缸en鼠， education 扭那idance programs of junior high schools.
The fact that the peer is the second choice forhelp affirms the role of the peer as an L"11portant helper with problems relative to junior high school students.
This result confirms that peer dyr..amics is very important to Chinese students and peer counseling programs would be valuable programs and could have much potential in developing the school guidance program in the Repub1ic of China. In addition, the comparison of helpers in seven problem areas showing that peers were the first source of help inboth school and family problem areas implies that the peer counseling program would be a more appropriate development in dealing with school and fami1y problem areas in the Repub1ic of China.
The significant relationships between helper and sex;, grade, and geographica1 location in this study pro'vide interesting material for discussion but must be examined more thoroughly before any conc1usions could be substant.ated. The finding that females prefer peers more often than males may indicate that females go to peer-friends as opposed to adults because of anxiety-producing biological developments which may be embarrassing. Dramatic physica1 and emotional changes influence peer group acceptance for the girl who wants to explore and examine herself with friends. In addition, the possibility exists that females may be facing more problems 旭 this period of their lives than males and therefore turn to outside sources of help more often. The fact that males sought help from the parent more often than females might suggest that males experier..ce slower emotional and physical changes and thus the natural relationship with parents can be an adequate source of help.
The significant grade level relationship also poses some 迫切resting possibili-ties. The fact that sophomores and seniors chose peers more often than juniors while the
一 179 一
Bulletin of National Taiwan Normal University Vo1. XXVII
fluence has the tendency to gradually increase. Furthermore, the significant geographical location interaction also points out some possibilities. Students in Taipei chose peers more often than the other three areas. This may reflect the fact that the young subculture has gradually become an important phenomenon in such big urbancity!as Taipei 卸 the Republic of China.
Conclusions
ßased on the. results of this study, the following conc1usions were drawn:
1. The students in this study showed significant differences in their choos-ing persons to help them with problems. They tended to choose parents, peers, andsister-brother as the top three sources of help with their problems, and tended to choose parents more often than peers and they chose peers more often than
sister-brother.
2. The students in this study did tend to view the peers as a significant source of help for their problems. This indicates that peer dynamics is very important to Chinese students in this study.
3. The sex of the student wa~ found to influence his choic~ of the helpers.
However, in spite of these differences, results indicated that parents and peers wete frequently preferred over the other helpers listed.
4. The gra.de of the student was found to influence his choice of the helpers. However, inspite of these differences, the overall results indicated that parents, peers, and sister-brother were more frequent1y preferred over the other helpers listed.
5. The geographical location was found to influence his chçice of the helpers. However, inspite of these differences, the results indicated that parents and peers were most frequently preferred over the other helpers listed.
Recommendations
ßased on the results and conc1usions of this study the fol1owing recom-mendations were made:
1. Peer dynamics has turned out to be very important for junior high school students. Peer counseling programs should therefore be designed to complement
一 180 一
A Study on the Peer-Helpers in Junior 血gh Schools in the Repu blic of China
and supplement the existing guidance programs in junior high schools.
2. Since parents seem to play a significant role in helping their adolescents through prob1em situations,. parent education programs should be increased in junior high schools.
3. The influence of peers seems most important in schoo! and family problem areas. Peer counseling programs would be more appropriate in dealing with these problems.
References
Brown, W. F. Student to student counseling for academic adjustment. Personnel and Guidance J ournal, 1965, 43, 811-817.
Brown, W. 且， Wehe, N. 0., & ZU::J.kèr, V. G. Effectiveness of student-to-student counseling on the academic adjustment of potential college dropouts.
Journal o[ Educational Psychology, 1971,62,285-289.
Coleman, J. Social Structures and social climates in high school, [inal report.
University of Chicago: U. S. Office of Education Project, 1959.
Ettkin, L., & Snyder, L. A mode1 for peer-group counseling based on role-playing.
The School Counselor, 1972,19,215-218.
Frank, M. Peer group counseling: A challenge to grow. The School Counselor, 1974,22,267-272:
HaU, E. T. The silent language. New York: Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1973.
Huang, Wen-Yin. A research of Mooney Problem Check List to Junior High School Students in Taipei. The Teaching and Learning, 1972, 5, 8-20.
Hu, Ping-Chung, & Ho Fu-Tien. The guidebook [or Mooney Problem Check List, Taipei: Chinese Behavior Science, Inc., 1977.
Kern, R., & Kirby, J. H. Utilizing peer helper influence in group counseling.
Elementaty School Guidanèe and Counseling, 1971,6, 70-75.
Lin, Ching-Shan. Statistics in psychology and education. Taipei: Tung-Hua Books Co., 1976.
McDil1, E. L. Sources o[ educational climates in high schools. Johrt Hopkins University, Baltimore: U. S. Offjce ofEducation Project, 1966.
Mosher, R. L., & Sprinthall, N. A. Psycholo函ca1 education: A means to promote personal development during adolescence. The Counseling Psychologist,
-181 一
Bulletin of National Taiwan Nonna1 University Vo1. XXVII 1971,2,3-92.
Pyle, K. R. Developing a teen-peer facilitator program. The School Counselor, 1977,26,278-281.
Samuels，缸， & Fain, S. M. Peer counseling: An ongoing guidance currìculum NASSP Bulletin, 1977, 61, 4349.
Samuels, D., & Samuels, M. The complete handbook ofpeer counseling. Miami, Florida: IFiesta, 1975.1
Shu, Shi-Chen, Chíu, Wei-Cheng, & Shang, Chun-Hsing. A study on guidance service at junior high schools in Taiwan. Bulletin 01 Educational Psychology,
1977,10,83-89.
Susstnan, M. B. The deyelopment and effects of a model for training peer group counselors in a mu1ti-ethnic junior high school. Unpublished doctoral dis-sertation, University of Miami, 1973.
Teacher Chung-Youth Counseling Center. Who help me? 一basic study in the behaviors of searching help and offering help on adolescents. Bulletin of Counseling lor Youth, published in R. O. C., 1980. 6(6),346-360.
Tsai, Yie-W剖， Cher屯， Rei-der, & Yu Der-huey. Junior high students' problem behavior, sense of familial belonging and the search of help. The Chinese Guidance Association Journal, published in R. O. 仁， 1979, 15(9 & 10), 27-38.
Upcraft, M. L. Undergraduate students as academíc advisers. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 1971,49, 827-831.
Varenhorst, B. B. Middle/junior high school counselors' corner. Elementary School Guidance and Counseling, 1973,8,54-57.
Vassos, S. T. The utilization of peer influence. The School Counselor, 1971, 18(3),209.
Wolf, T. Undergraduates as campus mental hea1th workers. Presonnel and Guidance Journal, 1696 ， 紹， 294-304.
Zunker, V. G., & Brown, W. .F. Comparative effectiveness of student and profes.
sional counselors. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 1966, 44, 738-743
-182 一
我國圈中學生同儕互助行為之調查研究