如圖4-2，前場球員之SHRZ:PL顯著大於後場球員 (0.17 ± 0.07 AU > 0.12 ± 0.03 AU)，意旨在相同的外在負荷下，前場球員心率負荷累積上升速度較快，可能與體能上、
心肺適能的差異有關。先前研究指出，後衛球員比起中前鋒球員有較佳的心肺適能，中 前鋒球員為應付其較重的體重導致其心率負荷較後衛大(Torres-Ronda et al., 2016)，體重 較重的球員往往體能上負擔較大，這也可能是導致前場球員SHRZ:PL較高的原因。因此 前場球員在訓練休息比例及比賽間的輪替應較後場球員頻繁，且體能應當加強。
再者，如圖4-2，訓練情境3對3之SHRZ:PL顯著大於5對5 (0.15 ± 0.06AU > 0.13± 0.05 AU)。意旨在相同的外在負荷下，3對3有較快的心率負荷累積速度，3對3雖然僅是半場 之對打，但進攻時間只有12秒，球權輪替、攻守轉換的速度較5對5來的快，5對5中的攻 守輪替包含過半場的8秒，進攻總共24秒，這可能使球員處於強度較低的時間較3對3長。
另外，先前文獻指出對打人數是影響運動強度的因素，較少人數的對抗擁有較高的運動 負荷，3對3使球員參與進攻及防守的比例增加 (Vaquera et al., 2018)。因此半場的對抗也 能透過進攻時間以及人數的設計，提供比全場對抗更高的運動負荷，這點也可以給教練 與選手作為參考，透過3對3作為超負荷的方式以準備5對5的比賽。
先前研究指出內外在負荷結合觀察趨勢比起單純觀察外在負荷及內在負荷更能了 解運動負荷的變化 (Akubat, Barrett, & Abt, 2014; Akubat, Barrett, Sagarra, & Abt, 2018;
Castillo, Weston, McLaren, Camara, & Yanci, 2017)。在本篇研究中，單純比較內在負荷各 指標時並未發現顯著差異，但除以外在負荷後，對每位球員所執行的外在負荷標準化，
消除個體間在執行運動量的差異，即發現訓練情境與專項位置的趨勢。內外在負荷的指 標SHRZ:PL幫助我們更深入觀察與監控籃球運動負荷狀況。
22
第陸章 結論與建議
本研究分別利用慣性感測器與心率帶量化外在負荷與內在負荷，觀察到不同專項位 置在不同訓練情境下的運動負荷，並發現後場球員的動作模式易造成整體較高的外在負 荷，且主要來自於垂直方向以及額狀面，如滑步、跳躍等動作，由於這類動作會產生較 高的加速度變化，其對於身體組織、肌肉關節的負荷也相對較大，應當加強後場球員在 下肢的肌力，訓練跳躍、滑步變向等專項動作，提高身體應付來自垂直方向以及額狀面 之負荷。而前場球員雖然沒有較高的外在負荷，卻有較高內外在負荷比率，代表前場球 員在相同的外在負荷狀況下，心肺適能上的負擔較高，教練應多加強前場球員之心肺適 能以及比賽之輪替，顯示兩專項位置間運動負荷的差異性。因此運動負荷在球員身上所 產生的特徵，可供往後教練作為球員訓練及休息的依據。再者，兩種訓練情境中3對3有 較高的SHRZ: PL比值，可得知不同訓練情境的設計可提供不同的運動強度，教練可透過 半場3對3的對打訓練球員，使球員能更輕鬆應付全場5對5的比賽，對更高的運動負荷產 生適應。另外，同時觀察內在外負荷與內外整合指標可讓往後監控籃球運動能更全面、
更能了解運動負荷對籃球員的影響。
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附錄一：實驗受試者須知
感謝您參加本項研究，題目為：「以穿戴式裝置探討不同專項位置籃球員與訓練情境 之運動負荷」，目的來探討同位置籃球員與訓練情境之運動負荷，讓往後籃球運 動負荷之監控有更清楚的方向及依據。本研究遵守倫理考量，以研究對象自 主、不傷害及保密原則。研究前得向研究對象說明研究目的、資料收集方法、
資料保密性、參與研究之權利
為避免其他因素的影響，使實驗得以順利進行，敬請遵守下列事項：
一、 請填寫個人基本資料。
二、 了解實驗流程與內容，確認過去半年內下肢肌肉骨骼系統沒有受過嚴重傷害。
三、 在實驗進行前，應充分熱身，避免運動傷害。
四、 請穿著籃球鞋及籃球球衣，以利實驗進行。
五、 實驗時，實驗受試者會進行 2 種籃球訓練情境對打。分別為 3 對 3 與 5 對 5，
各 8 分鐘，會配戴慣性感測器與心率帶。
再次感謝您的熱情參與合作！
附錄二、實驗受試者同意書
一、本人已詳細閱讀實驗受試者頇知內容，且經過研究者解說後，已完全了解實驗內 容、步驟，以及實驗期間可能發生的狀況。本人同意參加此實驗「以穿戴式裝 置探討不同專項位置籃球員與訓練情境之運動負荷」，且在實驗期間會全力配 合，並盡自己最大努力來完成此實驗。
二、研究名稱：以穿戴式裝置探討不同專項位置籃球員與訓練情境之運動負荷
研究者:周育晨
指導教授:李恆儒 教授
研究單位:國立臺灣師範大學體育學系
三、受試者保護說明
(一) 隱私保障:填寫之個人資料不會外洩，只作為論文研究之用途，相關資料皆以匿 名呈現，請您放心。
(二) 實驗者在實驗內容和實驗目的有告知您的責任。
(三) 您可以隨時要求解答有關實驗的各種問題，且中途若有想退出實驗，無須提及任 何理由，便可要求退出。
受試者：__________________ (簽名) 日 期：__________________
感謝您的協助與參與，使本研究得以順利完成，誠摯感謝您的支持與配合！
國立臺灣師範大學體育學系 研究生 周育晨 敬上