属于少数民族的弱势族群的健康战略(2005-2015)
170. 政府于 2005 年制订这项战略，根据“行动计划”予以实施。“卫生战 略”的主要目标是“克服贫困的少数民族健康状况的消极倾向”，“确保获得医 疗保健服务的平等机会”，“增加少数族裔社区的健康保险”，降低婴儿和产妇 的死亡率。也有流动的医疗服务(所谓的“卫生调解人”在 2010 年有 105 个)，
其经费来自国家预算，由直辖市予以实施。
171. “少数族裔的儿童和学生的教育整合战略”于 2004 年作为“国家教育系 统改革”的一部分获得批准，着眼于提高所有儿童教育的素质。
172. “更新教育整合战略”于 2010 年获得批准。
173. 按照部长理事会于 2005 年发布的法令，成立了“少数族裔儿童和学生融 入教育中心”，支持“教育整合战略”的实施。该中心开发资金和支持项目，重 点是平等地获得优质教育和少数民族儿童和学生的成长。它着眼于在共同的教育 环境中维护和发展少数民族儿童和学生的文化特性，予以尊重和进行合作。
174. 在与有关部委合作的情形下，“民族和人口问题方面的合作全国委员会”
正在协调和监督所有的共同战略和一些部门文件的执行：《2010-2020 年使罗姆 人融入保加利亚社会框架计划》、《2005-2015 年使罗姆人融入社会国家行动十 年》、《2005-2015 年改善罗姆人住房情况国家计划》等。
K. 同性恋权利
175. 《提供保护免遭歧视法》明确提到对同性恋者、女同性恋者和双性恋者权 利的保护。该法假定“性倾向”是指异性恋、同性恋或双性恋倾向。该法将“骚 扰”的含义限定为指以身体、口头或任何其他方式表示的任何不受欢迎的行为，
“的意思表示行为的任何不必要的骚扰”一个身体，任何口头或其他方式，其目 的或作用是侵犯人的尊严或造成敌对、贬低、侮辱或威胁性的环境、态度或做 法。
176. 目前，保加利亚有在保护同性恋人权领域积极开展活动的一些非政府组 织。
L. 保护外国国民/移徙者/寻求庇护者和难民的权利
177. 《保加利亚外国人法》36 规定了外国人可以进入保加利亚、在保加利亚逗 留和离开保加利亚的一些条件和秩序。其中纳入了移徙方面的欧盟法律。在保加 利亚合法居留的外国人，应享有保加利亚法律以及保加利亚参与缔结的国际协议 所规定的所有权利和义务，但需要附带保加利亚公民资格的，则不在此限。
178. 在与移民有关的所有问题方面，保加利亚与难民署和和国际移民组织密切 合作。
179. 在非法移民入境的情况下，有一个允许他们在特别中心驻留的过程。这一 点可能会在法庭引起争议。内政部和国际移民组织签署了关于自愿返回原籍国和 使移徙者重新纳入原籍国的备忘录。该法最新修订的案文规定在 7 至 30 天内自 愿返回。
180. 保加利亚是《1951 年关于难民地位的公约及其 1967 年议定书》的缔约 国。保加利亚一直在努力充分发挥其能力，并承担其作为难民收容国的责任。根 据 2002 年的《庇护和难民法》设立了国家难民事务局，由这个机构继承 1992 年 设立的前国家庇护局。凡是被承认具有难民身份的人都具有保加利亚公民的所有 权利和义务，但需要附带保加利亚公民资格的除外。
181. 2009年有 853 人在保加利亚申请难民身份，比 2008 年增加了 12%。
182. 2007年修订《政治庇护和难民法》，在其中纳入欧盟关于难民地位的法律 规范。尤其实施《融合难民的国家计划》，以保加利亚语提供免费教育并在学校 对移民儿童进行母语教学。目前有一个供学习保加利亚语言和进行职业培训的特 殊学校计划。
五. 挑战和限制
183. 尽管政府作了努力，罗姆人仍然容易受到伤害，这涉及到歧视、贫困和在 社会上受到排斥的现象。该融合政策是提高生活质量的国家政策的一部分，确保 优质教育和在各个领域的平等机会。使罗姆人融入社会是政府和社会遇到的一个 长期性挑战。它需要协调，实施一致性有针对性的积极和有效的政策，将“相关 负责机构”和“民间社会”动员起来。
184. 保加利亚仍然必须打击人口贩运。查明受害者的工作仍是一个艰难的过 程。刑事诉讼在搜集证据并说服受害者作证方面遇到重大挑战。
185. 尽管保加利亚政府努力改善残疾人的处境，仍然需要拟订和通过长期战 略，以便解决与有效执行同下列政策相关的问题：不歧视和包容政策、利用司法 程序、就业、教育、参与政治和社会生活以及进行监外教养。
186. 基于上述原因，保加利亚尚未批准它分别于 2007 年和 2008 年签署的《联 合国残疾人权利公约》及其《任择议定书》。
六. 为保加利亚非政府组织的报告供稿
1 The Ministries of the Interior, Regional Development and Urbanization, Health, Justice, Labour and Social Policy, Education, Youth and Sport, Finances, State Agency for Refugees, National Commission to Combat Trafficking in Human Beings, National Council for Cooperation on Ethnic and Demographic Questions, Religions and Denominations Directorate with the Council of Ministers, Commission for Protection against Discrimination, Council for Electronic Media, Chief Prosecutor of the Republic of Bulgaria, Ombudsman of the Republic of Bulgaria.
2 The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its two Optional Protocols, International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women and its Optional Protocol, Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, Convention on the Rights of the Child and its two Optional Protocols, UN Convention on Transnational Organized Crime and its two Protocols: Protocol against Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air and Protocol on Prevention, Suppression and Punishment of Human Trafficking, especially of Women and Children, UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) etc.
3 Convention for the Protection and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (ratified in 1950), Convention on the Suppression and Punishment of the Crime of Apartheid (ratified in 1984), Convention against Apartheid in Sports (ratified in 1987), Convention Related to the Status of Refugees (rat 1993).
4 The eight fundamental ILO conventions: Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87) (State Gazette No. 19 of 1959); Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98) (State Gazette No. 19 of 1959); Forced Labour Convention, 1930 (No. 29) (State Gazette No. 91 of 1932); Abolition of Forced Labour Convention, 1957 (No.
105) (State Gazette No. 79 of 1998); Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138) (State Gazette No.
13 of 1980); Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182) (State Gazette No. 54 of 2000); Equal Remuneration Convention, 1951 (No. 100) (State Gazette No. 54 of 1955);
Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention, 1958 (No. 111) (State Gazette No. 46 of 1960), and Workers with Family Responsibilities Convention, 1981 (No. 156) (State Gazette No. 9 of 2006); Private Employment Agencies Convention, 1997 (No. 181) (State Gazette No. 10 of 2005);
Protection of Workers’ Claims (Employer`s Insolvency) Convention, 1992 (No. 173) (State Gazette No. 58 of 2004); Maternity Protection Convention (Revised), 2000 (No. 183) (State Gazette No. 85 of 2001); Minimum Standards of Social Security Convention, 1952 (No. 102) (State Gazette No. 54 of 2008, effective 1 August 2009), as well as seven of the latest ILO seafarers conventions (Nos. 146, 147, 164, 166, 178, 179 and 180) and recently the Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (State Gazette No. 42 of 2009) etc.
5 Bulgaria is a High Contracting Party to 80 Council of Europe Treaties and in particular the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and its protocols (Protocols No 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13 and 14), the European Cultural Convention, the European Convention on Extradition and its additional protocol, the Convention for the Protection of
(Revised), the European Convention for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or degrading Treatment or Punishment and its protocols No 1 and 2, the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, the Convention for the Protection of human rights and dignity of the human being with regard to the application of biology and medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine, the Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings, Criminal Law Convention on Corruption and its Additional Protocol, Civil Law Convention on Corruption, CE Partial Agreement GRECO (Group of States against Corruption) etc.
6 General Assembly (1992), General Assembly Third Committee (1980), Commission on Human Rights (1982), ECOSOC Social Committee (1985), Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) (1995–1996).
7 The Act was passed by the National Assembly on 9 May 2003 and entered into force on 1 January, 2004; the National Assembly elected Mr. Ginyu Ganev, member of the National Assembly, as the first Ombudsman of the Republic of Bulgaria.
8 By December 2009 there were 11 366 complaints registered with the Ombudsman’s office.
9 More than 30 investigations have been carried out in connection with complaints about mass violations by heating and electricity companies, the rights of patients, the freedom of expression in the internet, etc.
10 The Act was passed on 7 May, 2003, and the Commission for Protection against Discrimination began functioning in April 2005, when the National Assembly elected five of its members, and the President of the Republic appointed the other four in May the same year.
11 The present members of the Commission respectively were elected on April 13, 2005 and appointed on May 16, 2005.
12 Since the establishment of the Commission in 2005 until January 2010 there have been 2797 complaints and communications brought to its attention.
13 UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD), UN Human Rights Committee, UN Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), UN Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC), UN Committee against Torture (CAT), UN Committee against Discrimination of Women (CEDAW), CE Advisory Committee on National Minorities (ACNM) and CE Commission against Racism and Intolerance (ECRI).
14 Article 162, Paragraph (1): “Any person, who preaches or incites to racial, national or ethnic animosity or hatred, or to racial discrimination, by means of speech, through the press or other mass communication media, through electronic information systems or in another way, shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for up to four years and by a fine of BGN 5,000 or exceeding this amount but not exceeding BGN 10,000, as well as by public censure.”
Article 162, Paragraph (2): “Any person, who applies violence against another or who damages his property on account of his nationality, race, religion, or on account of his political convictions, shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for up to four years and by a fine of BGN 5,000 or exceeding this amount but not exceeding BGN 10,000, as well as by public censure”.
Article 163, Paragraph (1): “Any persons, who form part of a crowd rallied to attack population groups, individual citizens or properties thereof in connection with their national, ethnic or racial identity, shall be punished by deprivation of liberty for up to five years (applicable to the abettors and the leaders) and to deprivation of liberty for up to one year or by probation (applicable to all the rest).”
15 Articles 13 (1) and 37 of the Constitution.
16 Article 37 of the Constitution.
17 Article 13 (2) of the Constitution.
18 Article 13 (4) of the Constitution.
19 Article 13 (3) of the Constitution.
20 Section II of the Criminal Code:
Article 164 (as amended, State Gazette 27/09):
(1) Who propagates hatred on religious grounds through speeches, press or other means for mass information, through electronic information systems or in any other way shall be punished by imprisonment of up to four years or by probation, as well as by fine from five thousand to ten thousand levs.
(2) Whoever desecrates, destroys or damages a religious temple, a home of prayer, sanctuary or a building adjacent to them, their symbols or gravestones shall be punished by imprisonment of up to three years or by probation, as well as by a fine from three thousand to ten thousand levs.
Article 165:
(1) Who, by force or threat obstructs the citizens to profess their faith or carry out their rituals and services which do not violate the laws of the country, the public peace and the good morals shall be punished by imprisonment of up to one year.
(2) The same punishment shall be imposed on those who, in the same way, compels another to participate in religious rituals and services.
(3) For the acts under art. 163 committed against groups of the population, individual citizens or their property in connection with their religious belonging shall apply the punishments stipulated by it.
21 Chapter II, D, 7.
22 Article 6 § 3 of the Child Protection Act.
23 Adopted by the National Assembly on a proposal by the Council of Ministers.
24 Article 8, paragraph 2, the Law on National Education.
25 Article 43 of the Constitution.
26 Article 8 of the Labour Code.
27 Article 243 of Labour Code.
28 Article 29, paragraph 1 of the Constitution.
29 Article 52 of the Constitution.
30 Articles 81, 84–98 of the Health Act.
31 Articles 33–39 of the Health Insurance Act.
32 Article 148 of the Health Act.
33 Article 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights: “In those States in which ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities exist, persons belonging to such minorities shall not be denied the right, in community with the other members of their group, to enjoy their own culture, to profess and practice their own religion, or to use their own language.”
34 Adopted at 92nd plenary meeting of the UN General Assembly on 18 December 1992, as resolution 47/135.
35 Article 10 of Radio and Television Act.
36 Promulgated on 13 December 1998, latest amendments on 6 April 2007.