第四章 MOIS901014 建材檢測標準試驗方法修訂探討
第一節 建康綠建材檢測方法與各國標準之差異
內政部建築研究所性能實驗中心之建材逸散實驗室，依據小型環 控箱測試法「ASTM D5116-97」(1997)規範建構，於 2001 年建立
「MOIS901014 室內建材揮發性有機逸散物質檢測標準方法及程序」。
其原理主要是將待測建材樣品放入一容量固定之環境控制箱中，並針 對溫度、濕度、換氣率及風速等因子加以控制，然後再以一定流量之 採樣幫浦將艙體內的待測污染物樣本抽出，經熱脫附儀器之吸附與熱 脫附程序後，再以特定分析儀器對該污染物樣本進行定性及定量的分 析研究。測試系統包括下列四大部分，分別是小型環境控制箱、清淨 空氣產生系統、環境監測及控制系統以及即時採樣與分析系統等。
「健康綠建材檢測方法」主要分為「建材揮發性有機物質逸散檢 測方法」及「建材甲醛逸散檢測方法」兩類，其測試方法內容如下表 4-1 所示：
表 4-1 MOIS901014 健康綠建材測試方法內容
建材揮發性有機物質逸散檢測方法 建材甲醛逸散檢測方法
項次 內容 項次 內容
1 測試原理 1 測試原理
2 適用範圍 2 適用範圍
3 干擾 3 干擾
4 設備 4 設備
5 實驗藥品 5 實驗藥品
6 採樣與保存 6 步驟
7 步驟 7 樣品脫附
8 結果處理 8 品質管制
9 品質管制 9 儀器分析
10 精密度與準確度 10 精密度與準確度
11 計算
(資料來源：本研究整理)
(一)建材揮發性有機物質逸散檢測方法概要
本 方 法 主 要 用 於 室 內 建 材 中 揮 發 性 有 機 物 質 （ Volatile Organic Compounds，VOCs）之逸散評估；利用小型環境控制箱模擬 室內環境條件，將欲測試的建材放入，建材中之揮發性有機物質會於 環 控 箱 內 慢 慢 逸 散 至 穩 定 狀 態 ， 再 以 含 Carbotrap 及 Carboxen1000/1003 三種不同吸附劑之吸附管予以定流量捕集濃縮，
經熱脫附（Thermal Desorption）裝置熱脫附後注入氣相層析質譜儀
（GC/MS）及氣相層析儀/火焰離子偵測器（GC/FID），分別進行揮發 性有機物質的定性與定量分析。
(二)建材揮發性有機物質逸散檢測方法概要
本方法主要用於室內建材中甲醛(Formaldehyde)之逸散評估；利 用小型環境控制箱模擬室內環境條件，將欲測試的建材放入，其所含 之甲醛會於環控箱內慢慢逸散至穩定狀態，再以 XAD-2(coated with 2-HMP ( 2(Hydroxymethyl) piperidine)，連接採樣幫浦以流量 100 mL 進行採樣，採樣完成後經 1mL 甲苯脫附後，以 GC/FID 進行分析。
有關建材逸散 TVOC 測試標準方法，整體而言國際上以 ASTM D5116 及 ISO 16000 等 2 標準系列為主要參考依據，各國多數引用上 述標準，進行不同國家各自可行性及最佳化調適，包括比較 JIS A 1901、
SPS KACA-008 及 CNS 16000-9 等。基此本研究以比較 ASTM D5116-17 及 ISO16000-9 為主，並納入各國標準在相關項目之比較。
ISO 16000 標準系列中，與「建材逸散測試」最有相關的標準為「Part-9, 建築產品及室內裝修揮發性有機化合逸散之測定—逸散測試艙測試 方法」，主要在說明實驗室之建材逸散測試方法，與 ASTM D5116-97 標準-「室內建材/產品有機物質逸散的小尺寸環控箱測定標準指引」
相同，本實驗室測試系統依據 ASTM D5116-97 標準建構，而在 2006 年 ISO 公告 ISO 16000-9 標準，與原有參考之 ASTM 標準有些微之差 異，本所進行在 ASTM 標準內容與 ISO 標準差異比較分析，其主要 差異為增加「符號及專有名詞縮寫」、明確定義「測試環境條件」、
「測試條件確認」、「測試方法」等。其標準內容差異所，故有關健 康綠建材逸散測試亦參考 ISO 國標準化辦理，基此本研究依 ASTM
D5116-17 及 ISO 16000-0 為主澳比較差異對象，其他國家標準則一併
而本研究主要比較 ASTM D5116-17、ISO 16000-9 之外，並將 JIS A1901、SPS-KACA008-138 及 CNS 16000-9 等標準方法，進行包括：
測試艙之差異、測試環境條件、測試條件確認及測試流程等 4 部分進 在艙體頂空處(HeadSpace)進行空氣採樣分析，而 ISO 標準則建議在 測試艙排氣口處進行空氣樣本採集。其測試艙之差異如表 4-3 所示：
排氣口採樣 HeadSpace 採樣
測試環境條件：
相對溼度部分大多以 50%為條件，在台灣 CNS166000-9 則濕度設定 65%，不同試驗標準在測試環境條件及準確度之差異比較，如下表 43
表 4-4 測試條件確認之差異比較
散表面 散表面
健康綠建材檢測方法主要依據 ASTM 標準加上國內外相關 空氣「揮發性有機化合物」及「甲醛」之採樣分析方法，而 ASTM D5116 試驗標準方法於 2017 發布最新版本，標準內容進行部分新 增內容、修訂及定義修訂。鑒此，本研究探討最新之 ASTM D5116-17 版及舊版 ASTM D5116-10 進行差異比較分析，另進一 步與 MOIS901014 試驗標準影響性評估。
表 4-6 ASTM D5116 標準 2017 年版及 2010 年版差異分析
章節 ASTM D5116-17新版修正內容 新舊版差異10版及17版說
明 1.1 This guide provides direction on the
measurement of the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from indoor materials and products using small-scale environmental test chambers.
文字修正：organic compounds修正為volatile organic compounds
1.4 The use of small environmental test chambers to characterize the emissions of VOCs from indoor materials and products is still evolving.
文字修正：同上
1.6 This guide does not provide specific directions for the selection of sampling media or for the analysis of VOCs. This information is provided in Practice D6196.
1. 文字修正
2. 新增建議規範D6196
1.7 This guide does not provide specific directions for determining emissions of formaldehyde from composite wood products, since chamber testing methods for such emissions are well developed and widely used. For more information refer to Test Methods E1333 and D6007. It is possible, however, that the guide can be used to support alternative testing methods.
1. 文字修正
2. 複合木製產品之甲醛建 議參考規範E1333及 D6007。
1.8 This guide is not applicable to the determination of emissions of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) from materials/products largely due to adsorption of these compounds on materials commonly used for construction of chambers suitable for VOC emissions testing. Alternate
新增說明本規範不適用於 建材逸散SVOC測試，有關 建材逸散SVOC可參考規 範D7706微型艙法
example, it may be possible to screen materials for emissions of SVOCs using micro-scale chambers operated at temperatures above normal indoor conditions (see Practice D7706).
1.11 Appendix X1 provides references to standards that are widely employed to measure emissions of VOCs from materials and products used in the interiors of buildings. Some of these standards directly reference this guide
既有1.10後續新增
1.12 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use
文字修正
1.14 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and
Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2.1 D7143 Practice for Emission Cells for the Determination of Volatile Organic Emissions from Indoor Materials/ Products
D7339 Test Method for Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Carpet using a Specific Sorbent Tube and Thermal Desorption / Gas Chromatography D7706 Practice for Rapid Screening of VOC Emissions from Products Using Micro-Scale Chambers
D7911 Guide for Using Reference Material to Characterize Measurement Bias Associated with Volatile Organic Compound Emission Chamber Test
新 增 參 考 規 範 包 括:D7143、D7339、D7706 及 D7911 等標準規範
3.2.1 air change rate, n—the flow rate of clean, conditioned air into the chamber divided by the
新增空氣換氣率符號：n
3.2.2 chamber loading ratio, n—the total amount of test specimen exposed in the chamber divided by the net or corrected internal air volume of the chamber.
產品負荷修改為艙體負荷 率：艙體中試件總量暴露除 以艙體中淨或校正之內部 空氣體積
3.2.2.1 Discussion—Net internal air volume of the chamber is calculated as the internal volume of the chamber enclosure minus the volume internally displaced by test specimen, holder, inlet /exhaust manifolds, etc. The chamber loading ratio is typically expressed as the ratio of the exposed specimen surface area, A, to net chamber volume (1/m) but depending on the nature of the test specimen, can also be
expressed as 1/m3, m/m3, and unitless for unit, line, and volume emission sources, respectively.
Chamber loading also can be expressed in terms of area-specific airflow rate calculated as the ratio of the chamber’s volumetric inlet airflow rate, Q, divided by the specimen surface area, A, that is Q/A (m/h).
3.2.3.1 ……Micro-scale chambers are typically less than one litre in volume and further differ from small-scale chambers in that the entire airflow rate at the chamber exhaust is sampled (see Practice D7706).
新增本段，微型容器一般為 體積小於 1 升，與小型艙體 差異，並且在腔室排氣的整 個空氣流速中（參見規範 D 7706）
4.1 Objectives—The use of small chambers to evaluate VOC emissions from indoor materials has several objectives:
文字修正，有機逸散改成 VOC 逸散
4.1.1 The use of small chambers to evaluate VOC emissions from indoor materials has several objectives:
文字修正，有機逸散改成 VOC 逸散
4.1.2 Determine the effect of environmental variables (that is, temperature, humidity, air speed, and air change rate) on emission rates;
空氣換氣修正為空氣速度 及空氣換氣率。
4.1.6 Develop data useful to stakeholders and other interested parties for assessing product emissions and developing control options or improved products.
製造商及建築商修改為利 益相關者其他相關者。
from the surface of the material to the overlying air can be expressed as:
ER =A km(VPs - VPa)MW⁄RT ( where:
ER =emission rate, mg/h, A =source area, m2,
km =mass transfer coefficient, m/h,
VPs =vapor pressure at the surface of the material VPa =vapor pressure in the air above the surface,
Pa,
MW =molecular weight, mg/mol,
R =gas constant, 8.314 J/mol-K or Pa m3/mol-K T =temperature, K.
R、T 等 4 項目，並增加各 項因子單位
4.2.4.2 The air change rate indicate… 刪除換氣率說明:換氣率是 室外空氣進入室內環境的 流 量 除 以 室 內 空 間 的 體 積，單位表示通常以 h-1。 4.2.4.3 Air Speed—Surface air speed is a critical
parameter for evaporative-controlled sources as the mass transfer coefficient (km) is affected by the air speed and turbulence at the air-side of the boundary layer. Generally, the higher the air speed and turbulence, the greater the mass transfer coefficient. In a practical sense for most VOCs, above a certain air speed and turbulence, the resistance to mass transfer through the boundary layer is minimized (that is, the mass transfer coefficient reaches its maximum value).
In chamber testing, some investigators prefer to use air speeds high enough to minimize the mass transfer resistance at the surface. For example, air speeds of 0.3 to 0.5 m/s have been used in evaluating formaldehyde emissions from wood products. Such air speeds are higher than those observed in normal residential environments by Matthews et al., where in six houses they measured air speeds using an omni-directional heated sphere anemometer with a mean of 0.07 m/s and a median of 0.05 m/s. Thus, other investigators prefer to keep the air speeds in the range normally found indoors. In either case, an understanding of the effect of air speed on the emission rate is needed in interpreting small chamber emissions data.
文字用語修正：Air Velocity
5.1 found indoors should contain the following: test specimen conditioning environment, test
chambers, clean air generation system, monitoring and control systems, sample
collection and analysis equipment, and standards generation and calibration systems.
新增測試件調節環境
environmental conditions of temperature, relative humidity, and clean air change rate prior to emissions testing is commonly required by standardized test protocols. Care must be taken to ensure that the conditioning environment meets all specifications intended to prevent cross-contamination of test specimens and to stabilize specimens in terms of both temperature and moisture content.
協議通常要求在逸散測試
5.3 Design and Operation of Small-Scale Chambers— Small-scale test chambers are designed to…
Micro-scale chambers are typically less than one litre in volume and differ from small-scale chambers in that the entire airflow rate at the chamber exhaust is sampled (see Practice D7706). Micro-scale chambers are typically used to screen homogeneous materials that can be represented by very small specimens for emissions of VOCs.
既有5.2章節
5.3.1.1 Measure or calculate the internal volume of the chamber enclosure. Additionally, measure or calculate the volumes of the internal components of the chamber such as specimen holders, racks or supports, temperature/humidity probes, inlet/exhaust manifolds, etc.
新增說明：
5.3.1.2 The sizes, surface areas, and volumes of internal components of the chamber should be minimized to the extent practical. Also as practical, internal components should have similar surface
characteristics as the interior surface of the chamber to minimize losses of compounds of interest due to adsorption or reactions.
新增說明：
5.3.2 Mixing—The chamber and its air moving components should be designed to ensure good mixing of the incoming air with the chamber air.
While contaminant concentration gradients are expected to exist in the chamber, particularly near the emissions source, the mixing issue concerns only the uniformity of the distribution of the air entering the chamber. Mixing fans and multi-port inlet and exhaust manifolds are two techniques that have been used successfully to ensure adequate mixing of air in the chamber.
1. 文字修正。
2. 新增說明：有關評估艙 體混合特性的程序，請 參閱5.4節。
mixing characteristics of the chamber.
….. 5.2.2.1移至5.4.1節
5.2.2.2移至5.4.2節 5.3.3 Surface Air speed As discussed in 4.2.4.3 the
air speed near surface of the material being
air speed near surface of the material being