第五章 結論與建議
5.2 建議
1. 未來可以再選用其他一般室內裝修建材(ex:石膏板，纖維板等)作為被 被塗覆受質材料，更進一步了解塗料塗覆於其他不同建材上時黴菌的 生長情況。
2. 未來可嘗試不同塗料塗覆方式，比較不同塗料塗覆方式是否對實驗結 果會有影響。
3. 未來可以嘗試將奈米金屬複合其他材料，找出在低濃度下就可提升塗 料抗黴效果的更佳複合材料。
79
參考文獻
不鏽鋼板材料特性簡介 website visited on 12/17/15 http://www.goodweld.com.tw/upload/product/th-3.pdf 內政部建築研究所 website visited on 11/26/15
http://www.abri.gov.tw/utcpagebox/CHIMAIN.aspx?ddsPageID=CHIMPX 台灣綠建材產業發展協會 website visited on 6/24/15
http://www.gbm.org.tw/gbm.php
行政院環保署，室內空氣品質標準 web visited on 2016/01/03
http://ivy5.epa.gov.tw/docfile/200030.pdf
綠建材標章 website visited on 6/24/15
http://gbm.tabc.org.tw/modules/pages/main
經濟部統計處 website visited on 10/01/15
http://www.moea.gov.tw/Mns/dos/content/Content.aspx?menu_id=6712 財團法人臺灣建築中心 website visited on 6/24/15
http://www.tabc.org.tw/tw/
行政院環保署 (2014) 室內空氣品質維護管理專責人員訓練教材。
李子元 (2013) 塗料性能及配方改進之研究做為商業的配方決定的運用，
元智大學，化學工程與材料科學學系，碩士論文。
成郁霖 (2013) 樹脂含量及被塗覆受質材料對低逸散健康綠建材塗料污 染物逸散之影響研究，國立高雄大學， 土木與環境工程學系，碩士論文。
林霧霆 (2005) 常見天花板建材之揮發性有機物逸散研究，內政部建築研
80
究所。
邵文政、 江哲銘、陳丁于和陳逸青 (2006) 台灣地區室內環境因子對溶 劑型塗料中揮發性有機物質逸散行為影響之研究，中華民國建築學會，
建築學報，P 83-100。
姚志廷、羅時麒 (2010) 綠建材防黴性能評估之研究，建築學報，第 72 期，P43-56。
咸才軍、張勁燕 (2004) 奈米建材，五南圖書出版社，臺北。
高啟倫 (2012) 建築塗裝劣化調查與改善對策之探討-以中華大學學生餐 廳為例，中華大學，土木工程學系，碩士論文。
紀碧芳 (2003) 受黴菌污染建材上之黴菌種類研究，國立成 功大學，環境醫學研究所，碩士論文。
陳珮熏 (2013) 不同底材之複層建材逸散特性及推估係數之研究，
台北科技大學建築與都市設計研究所，碩士論文。
陳晏琦 (2012) 建材黴菌生長影響因素及評估系統之研究，國立臺北科技 大學，建築與都市設計研究所，碩士論文。
許坤楠 (2013) 奈米金屬對提升室內建材抗黴能力之研究，國立高雄大學，
土木與環境工程學系，碩士論文。
綠建材解說與評估手冊 (2011) 內政部建築研究所，P 37-45。
蔡耀賢和江哲銘 (2009) 台灣氣候下室內調濕建材之適用性探討 ，建築 學報，第 69 期，P 35-50。
81
廖芳陞 (2007) 黴菌與健康，科學發展，第 415 期，P17-21。
安田一美、陳立斌，2004 年 8 月，塗料、塗裝缺陷問題與對策，徐氏文 教基金會出版。
綠建築評估手冊－住宿類（EEWH-RS）(2015) 內政部建築研究所。
羅時麒和陳伯勳 (2006) 各國室內環境品質(含空氣品質)管理機制之比 較研究，內政部建築研究所，研究報告。
羅時麒 (2013) 建築材料釋放揮發性有機化合物對室內空氣品質影響之 研究，健康與建築雜誌，P12-21。
蘇慧貞 (2002) 居住環境中生物性污染之生命週期與健康風險研究(I)，行 政院國家科學委員會補助專題研究計畫成果報告，計畫編號：NSC 90-2621-Z-006-006。
蘇紘瑩 (2011) 醫療院所室內空氣中真菌與細菌濃度評估與環境影響因 子調查，國立交通大學，環境工程系，碩士論文。
蔡馨億 (2013) 熱濕氣候下室內常用建材調濕能力與黴菌生長之研究，國 立宜蘭大學，木工程學系，碩士論文。
劉芸汶 (2003) 一般辦公大樓空氣及灰塵中活性真菌濃度，與病態大樓症 候群之相關性探討，成功大學，環境醫學研究 所，碩士論文。
羅友伶 (2012) 室內建材調濕設計簡易計算手法之初探. 國立雲林科技 大學，創意生活設計系，碩士論文。
杉本賢司和河野孝治，2008年5月，圖解塗料與塗裝，世茂出版有限公司。
ACGIH (1989). Guidelines for the Assessment of Bioaerosols in the Indoor Environment. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists.
82
Airaksinen, M. (2003) Moisture and fungal spore transport in outdoor air-ventilated crawl spaces in a cold climate. Helsinki University of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dissertation for the degree of Doctor.
Allsopp and Seal. (1986) Introduction to Biodeterioration, Ed Arnold (D.
Allsopp, K.J. Seal. eds), London.
Bachmann, M.O. and Myers, J.E. (1995) Influences on sick building syndrome symptoms in three buildings. Soc. Sci. Med. 40, 245-251.
Baghriche, O., Rtimi, S., Pulgarin, C., Sanjines, R. and Kiwi, J. (2013) Effect of the spectral properties of TiO2, Cu, TiO2/Cu sputtered films on the
bacterial inactivation under low intensity actinic light. J. Photochem.
Photobiol. 251, 50-56.
Brightman, H. S. and Moss, N. (2001) Sick building syndrome studies and the complication of normative and comparative values. In Indoor air quality handbook (Spengler, J. D., Samet, J. M. and McCarthy, J. F., eds), pp. 3.1-32, New Yourk, McGraw-Hill.
Blackely, C.H. (1873) Experimental researches on the causes and nature of catarrhus aestivus (hay-fever or hay-asthma). Tindall & Cox, London, Baillière.
Bornehag, C.G., Sundell, J., Bonini, S., Custovic, A., Malmberg, P., Skerfving, S., Sigsgaard, T., and Verhoeff , A. (2004) Dampness in buildings as a risk factor for health effects, EUROEXPO: a multidisciplinary review of the literature (1998–2000）on dampness and mite exposure in buildings and health effects. Indoor Air. 14, 243-257.
Burge, H.A., Otten, J.A. (1995) Bioaerosol: assessment and control, ACGIH (Macher, J.M., H.A. Ammann, H.A. Burge and D. Milton. eds), pp. 1-13, Cincinnati.
83
Burge, H.A. (2002) An update on pollen and fungal spore aerobiology.
Journal of Allergy & Clinica Immunology. 110(4), 544-52.
Bush, R.K. (2008) Indoor allergens, environmental avoidance, and allergic respiratory disease. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings. 29 (6), 575–579.
Chang, J.C.S., Foarde, K.K. and Vanosdell, D.W. (1995) Growth evaluation of fungi (Penicillium and Aspergillus spp.) on ceiling tiles. Atmos. Environ.
29, 2331-2337.
Corsi, R.L. and Lin, C.C. (2009) Emissions of 2,
2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-Pentanediol Monoisobutyrate (TMPD-MIB) from latex paint: A critical review. Crit. Rev. Env. Sci. Technol. 39,1052.
Cooley, J. D., Wong, W. C., Jumper, C. A. and Straus, D. C. (1998).
Correlation between the prevalence of certain fungi and sick building syndrome. Occup. Environ. Med. 55, 579-584.
Crawford, J.A., Rosenbaum, P.F., Anagnost, S.E, Hunt, A. and Abraham, J.L.
(2015) Indicators of airborne fungal concentrations in urban homes:
Understanding the conditions that affect indoor fungal exposures. Sci. Total Environ. 517, 113-124.
Dizaj, S.M., Lotfipour, F., Barzegar-Jalali, M., Zarrintan, M.H. and Adibkia, K. (2014) Antimicrobial activity of the metals and metal oxide nanoparticles.
Mater. Sci. Eng. R. 44, 278-284.
Dipranjan, L., Arindam, P, Aparna, L., Madhurya, J., Panchanan,P. and Parimal, K. (2014) Shape-dependent bactericidal activity of copper oxide nanoparticle mediated by DNA and membrane damage. Mater. Res. Bull. 59, 185-191.
Ezeonu, I.M., Noble, J.A., Simmons, R.B., Price, D.L., Crow, S.A. and Aherin, D.G. (1994) Effect of relative humidity on fungal colonization of
84
fiberglass insulation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 60, 2149-151.
Fung, F. and Hughson, W.G. (2003) Health effects of indoor fungal bioaerosol exposure. Appl. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 18, 535-544.
Garrett, M. H., Rayment, P. R., Hooper, M. A., Abramson, M. J. and Hooper, B. M. (1998) Indoor airborne fungal spores, house dampness and associations with environmental factors and respiratory health in children. Clin. Exp.
Allergy. 28, 459-467.
Gladis, F., Eggert, A., Karsten, U. and Schumann, R. (2010) Prevention of biofilm growth on man-made surfaces: evaluation of antialgal activity of two biocides and photocatalytic nanoparticles. Biofouling. 26, 89-101.
Gobakken, L.R., Høibø, O.A. and Solheim, H. (2010)Mould growth on paints with different surface structures when applied
on wooden claddings exposed outdoors.INT BIODETER BIODEGR. 64, 39-345.
Grant, C., Hunter, C. A., Flannigan, N. and Bravery, A. F. (1989) The moisture requirements of moulds isolated from domestic dwellings. Int.
Biodet. 25, 259-284.
Herbarth, O., Schlink, U., Müller, A., Richter, M. (2003) Spatiotemporal distribution of airborne mould spores in apartments. Mycol Res.
107(11),1361-1371.
Hochmannova, L. and Vytrasova, J. (2010) Photocatalytic and antimicrobial effects of interior paints. Prog. Org. Coat. 67, 1-5.
Khan, H.A.A. and Karuppayil, M.S. (2012) Fungal pollution of indoor environments and its management. Saudl. J. Biol. Sci. 19, 405-426.
Hoang, C.P., Kinney, K.A., Corsi, R.L. and Szaniszlo, P.J. (2010) Resistance of green building materials to fungal growth. INT BIODETER BIODEGR. 64, 104-113.
85
Huang, H.L., Lin, C.C. and Hsu, K. (2015)Comparison of resistance
improvement to fungal growth on green and conventional building materials by nano-metal impregnation. BUILD ENVIRON. 93, 119-127.
Jacob, B., Ritz, B., Gehring, U., Koch, A., Bischof, W., Wichmann, H. E. and Heinrich, J. (2002) Indoor exposure to molds and allergic sensitization.
Environ. Health Perspect.110, 647-653.
Jain, S., nag, V., Marak, R.S.K., prasad, N. and Dhole, T. (2010) Incidence of mycobacteria and fungi in clinically suspected urinary tract infection of immunocompromised patients - A tertiary care hospital study. Int. J. Infect.
Dis. 14, 206–207.
Koponen, I.K., Jensen K.A. and Schneider, T. (2011) Comparison of dust released from sanding conventional and nanoparticle-doped wall and wood coatings. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemio., 21, 408-418.
Knutsen, A.P., Bush, R.K., Demain, J.G., Denning, D.W., Dixit, A., Fairs, A., Greenberger., P.A., Kariuki, B., Kita, H., Kurup, V.P., Moss, R.B., Niven, R.M., Pashley, C.H., Slavin, R.G., Vijay, H.M. and Wardlaw, A.J. (2012) Fungi and allergic lower respiratory tract diseases. J. Allergy. Clin. Immunol.
129, 280-291.
Kaiser, J.P., Zuin, S.and Wick, P. (2013) Is nanotechnology revolutionizing the paint and lacquer industry? A critical opinion. Sci. Total Environ. 442, 282-289.
Kawel, N., Schorer, G., Desbiolles, L., Seifert, B., Marincek, B. and Boehm, T. (2011) Discrimination between invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and pulmonary lymphoma using Ct. Eur. J. Radiol. 77, 417-425.
Khan, A.A.H., Karuppayil, S.M., Chary, M., Kunwar, I.K. and Waghray, S.
(2009) Isolation, identification and testing of allergenicity of fungi from air-conditioned indoor environments. Aerobiologia. 25, 119-123.
86
Kitsutaka, K. (1993) Formula for the discoloration of external building materials. In Durability of Building Materials and Components 6.( Nagataki, S., Nireki, T., Tomosawa, F., eds), pp707-14, E&FN Spon.
Lacey, J. and Dutkiewicz, J.(1994) Bioaerosols and occupational lung disease.
J. Aerosol. Sci. 25, 1371-1404.
Lin C.C., Yu K.P., Zhao P. and Lee Grace W.M. (2009) Evaluation of impact factors on VOC emissions and concentrations from wooden flooring based on chamber tests. Build. Environ. 44, 525.
Li, C.S., Kuo, Y.M. (1994) Characteristics of airborne microfungi in subtropical homes. Sci. Total Environ. 155, 267-271.
Li, C.S., Hsu, C.W. and Lu, C. H. (1997) Dampness and respiratory symptoms among workers in daycare centers in a subtropical climate.
ARCH ENVIRON HEALTH. 52, 68-71.
Lin C.C. and Corsi R.L. (2007) Texanol® Ester Alcohol Emissions from Latex Paints: Temporal Variations and Multi-Component Recoveries. Atmos.
Environ. 41, 3225.
Lili, H., Yang , L., Azlin, M. and Mengshi, L. (2011) Antifungal activity of zinc oxide nanoparticles against Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum.
Microbiol res. 166 , 207-215.
Lenhart, S.W., Schafer, M.P., Singal, M. and Hajjeh, R.A. (1997)
Histoplasmosis protecting workers at risk. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention., National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, National Center for Infectious Disease.
Mandrioli, P., Caneva, G., Sabbioni, C. (2003) Cultural Heritage and Aerobiology: methods and measurement techniques for biodeterioration monitoring. Dordrecht ; New York Kluwer Academic Publishers. 3-29.
87
Mendell, M,J., Phd,M., Fisk,W.J. (2002) Improving the Health of Workers in Indoor Enviornments: Pridrity Research Neeeds for a National Occupational Research Agenda. American Journal of Public Health, 92(9), 1430-1440.
Norbäck, D. (2009) An update on sick building syndrome. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 9(1), 55-59.
O'Connor, G.T., Walter, M., Mitchell, H.b., Kattan, M.c., Morgan, W.J., Gruchalla, R.S., Pongracic, J.A., Smartt, E., Stout, J.W., Evans III, R. and
Crain, E.F. (2004) Airborne fungi in the homes of children with asthma in low-income urban communities: The Inner-City Asthma Study. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 114, 599-606.
Pieckova, E. and Wilkins, K. (2004): Airway toxicity of house dust and its fungal composition. Ann. Agric. Environ. 11, 67-73.
Rosenbaum, P.F., Crawford, J.A., Anagnost, S.E., Wang, C.J., Hunt, A., Anbar, R.D., Hargrave, T.M., Hall, E.G., Liu, C.C. and Abraham, J.L. (2010) Indoor airborne fungi and wheeze in the first year of life among a cohort of infants at risk for asthma. J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. 20, 503-515.
Samet, J.M. and Spengler, J.D. (2003) Indoor environments and health:
Moving into the 21st century. Am. J. Public. Healh. 93, 1489-1493.
Squinazi, F. (2002) La pollution de l’air à l’intérieur des bâtiments (allergènes exclus). Rev. Fr. Allergol. Immunol. Clin. 42, 248-255.
Sharma, D., Rajput, J., Kaith, B.S., Mohinder, K. and Sharma, S. (2010) Synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and study of their antibacterial and antifungal properties. Thin. Solid. Films. 519, 1224-1229.
Song, X., Do, B.T. and Jahnson, R.B. (2008) Antimicrobial Component System Containing Metallic Nanoparticles and Chitosan and/or its Derivatives. US Patent. 20080147019 A1.
88
Sun, Y., Zhang, Y., Bao, L., Fan, Z., Wang, D., Sundell, J. (2013) Effects of gender and dormitory environment on sick building syndrome symptoms among college students in Tianjin, China. Build. Environ. 68, 134-139.
Su, H.J., Wu, P.C., Chen, H.L., Lee, F.C. and Lin, L.L. (2001)Exposure assessment of indoor allergens, endotoxin, and Airborne fungi for homes in southern Taiwan. Environ. Res. 85,135-44.
Sykes,P.,Morris,R.H.K.,Allen,J.A.,Wildsmith,J.D.,andJones,K.P.(2011).
Workers’exposuretodust,endotoxinand β-(1–3) glucanatfourlarge-scale compostingfacilities. WasteManag. 31,423430.
Thorn, A. (1998) The sick building syndrome: a diagnostic dilemma. SOC.
SCI. MED . 47, 1307-1312.
Tischer, C.G.and Heinrich, J. (2013) Exposure assessment of residential mould, fungi and microbial components in relation to children's health:
Achievements and challenges. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health. 216, 109-114.
Thomas, V., Marie, C., Alexandra, B., Christine, R. (2014) A review of indoor microbial growth across building materials and sampling and analysis
methods. Build. Environ. 80, 136-149.
Tuuminen, T., Haggqvist , C., Uusitalo, A. (2016) Cognitive therapy in sick building syndrome: Myths, believes or evidence. NeuroToxicology. 53, 29-30.
US EPA. (1995) Characterizing air emissions from indoor sources. EPA Report: EPA/600/F-95/005, Washington DC.
Uztan, A.H., Ates, M., Abaci, O., Gulbahar, O., Erdem, N., Ciftci, O. and Boyacioglu, H. (2010) Determination of potential allergenic fungal flora and its clinical reflection in suburban elementary schools in Izmir. Environ. Monit.
Assess. 168, 691-702.
Vacher, S., Hernandez, C., Bärtschi, C. and Poussereau, N. (2010) Impact of paint and wall-paper on mould growth on plasterboards and aluminum. Build.
Environ. 45,916-921.
89
Verdier, T., Coutand, M., Bertron, A. and Roques, C. (2014) A review of indoor microbial growth across building materials and sampling and analysis methods. Build. Environ. 80, 136-149.
Wang, H. and Morrison, G. (2006) Ozone-initiated secondary emission rates of aldehydes from indoor surfaces in four homes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 40, 5263-5268.
Wargocki, P., Wyon, D.P., Sundell, J., Clausen, G., Fanger, P.O. (2000) The effects of outoor air supply rate in an office on perceived air quality, sick building syndrome (SBS) symptoms and productivity. Indoor Air-Internation Journal of Indoor Air Quality & Climate. 10(4) 222-236.
Wéry, N. (2014) Bioaerosolsfromcompostingfacilities—areview. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 42,4.
Wu, P.C., Su, H.J. and Lin, C.-Y. (2000) Characteristics of indoor and outdoor airborne fungi at suburban and urban homes in two seasons. Sci Total Environ.
253, 1-3.
Yu, K.P., Huang, Y.T. and Yang, S.C. (2013) The antifungal efficacy of nano-metals supported TiO2 and ozone on the resistant Aspergillus niger spore. J. Hazard. Mater. 261, 155-162.
Zhang, L., Jiang, Y., Ding, Y., Daskalakis, N., Jeuken, L., Povey, M., O’neill, A.J. and York, D.W. (2010) Mechanistic investigation into antibacterial behaviour of suspensions of ZnO nanoparticles against E. coli. J. Nanopart.
Res. 12, 1.
Zhao, P., Siegel, J.A. and Corsi, R.L. (2007) Ozone removal by HVAC filters.
Atmospheric Enviromnent. 41, 3151-3160.
Zielecka, M., Bujnowska, E., Kępskaa, B., Wenda, M. and Piotrowskab, M.
(2011) Antimicrobial additives for architectural paints and impregnates. Prog.
Org. Coat. 72, 193-201.
90
附錄(A)： Aspergillus 菌和 Penicillium 菌生長圖
圖 A1 Aspergillus 菌生長照片
圖 A2 Penicillium 菌生長照片
91
圖 A3 Paint-A(含 20%壓克力樹脂) / Aspergillus 菌第 28 天生長狀況
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 12ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
92
圖 A4 Paint-B(含 30%壓克力樹脂) / Aspergillus 菌第 28 天生長狀況
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 12ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
93
圖 A5 Paint-C(含 20%聚醋酸乙烯樹脂) / Aspergillus 菌第 28 天生長狀況
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 12ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
94
圖 A6 Paint-D(含 30%聚醋酸乙烯樹脂) / Aspergillus 菌第 28 天生長狀況
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 12ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
95
圖 A7 Paint-A(含 20%壓克力樹脂) / Penicillium 菌第 28 天生長狀況
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 12ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
96
圖 A8 Paint-B(含 30%壓克力樹脂) / Penicillium 菌第 28 天生長狀況
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 12ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
97
圖 A9 Paint-C(含 20%聚醋酸乙烯樹脂) / Penicillium 菌第 28 天生長狀況
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 12ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
98
圖 A10 Paint-D(含 30%聚醋酸乙烯樹脂) / Penicillium 菌第 28 天生長狀況
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銀
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 12ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米銅
含 10 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 12 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
含 14 ppm (by weight)奈米鋅
99
圖 A11 Paint-A(含 20%壓克力樹脂) / 14 ppm (by weight)奈米金屬/ Aspergillus 菌第 28 天生長狀況
圖 A11 Paint-A(含 20%壓克力樹脂) / 14 ppm (by weight)奈米金屬/ Aspergillus 菌第 28 天生長狀況