• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 結論與建議

5.2 建議

本研究主要模擬不同注入藥劑與不同反應牆形狀下之整治差異,厚度設計部 份參考建議設定發現三氯乙烯之去除率皆接近 9 成,但也因注入藥劑不同,有些 案例有產生過多副產物之現象。另外,現地還需考慮當地環境下之限制來施作現 地透水性反應牆,若當地有住宅建物等就無法施作現地透水性反應牆,通常都在 馬路或街巷施作,故方向性問題時常不是設計者能完全掌握的部分,常見斜向的 反應牆或反應牆面積狹小,故本研究希望提供在現地環境限制下,橫向或縱向之 配置下何種屬於最佳配置,在現地設計時考量當地環境在選擇使用哪種物質作為 現地透水性反應牆之藥劑,當然現地條件還存在許多變因,還須考慮更加周詳,

使用數值軟體來模擬現地透水反應牆整治可提供事前規劃作業有效參考效果。

119

Alexander M., 1999, Biodegradation and Bioremediation 2nd ed., Academic Press, San Diego, CA., U.S.A..

Anderson M. R., Johnson R. L and Pankow J. F., 1992a, Dissolution of Dense Chlorinated Solvents into Ground Water: 1. Dissolution from a Well-Defined Residual

120

Source, Ground Water, v30 i2. 250-256.

Arun R. Gavaskar, 1999, Design and Construction Techniques for Permeable Reactive Barriers, Journal of Hazardous Materials.

ASTDR, 2007, CERCLA Priority List of Hazardous Substance, http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/cercla/07list.html, last accessed on 5 Oct 2010.

Ball W. P., Robert P. V., 1991, Long-term Sorption of Halogenated Organic-Chemicals by Aquifer Material at Equilibrium . Environ. Sci. Technol., 25, 1223-1236.

Banerjee S., 1984, Solubility of Organic Mixtures in Water. Environ. Sci. Technol. v18 i8.

587-591.

Bedient P. B., Rifai H. S., and Newell C. J., 1994, Contaimination, Transport and Remediation, PTR Prentice Hall, , Englewood cliff, New Jersey,541pp.

Clement TP, Johnson CD, Sun Y, Kleeka GM, Bartlett C. 2000. Natural attenuation of Chlorinated Solvent Compounds: Model Development and Field-Scale Application. J Contam Hydrol 42:113-140.

El Fantroussi S, Naveau H and Agathos S. N., 1998, Anaerobic Dechlorinating Bacteria.

Biotechnol Prog 14:167–188Eggleston, J., Rojstaczer, S., 1998. Identification of Large-Scale Hydraulic Conductivity Trends and the Influence of Trends on Contaminant Transport. Water Resources Research 34 (9), 2155–2168.

Environment Agency UK, 2003, An Illustrated Handbook of DNAPL Transport and Fate

121

in the Subsurface.

Eskenazi B., Fenster L., Hudes M., Wyrobek A. J., Katz D. F., Gerson J. and Rempel D.

M., 1991b, A Study of the Effect of Perchloroethylene Exposure on the116

Freundt K. J., Liebaldt G. P., Lieberwirth E., 1977, Toxicity Studies on Trans-1,2-Dichloroethylene. Toxicology, 7:141-153.

Harmon T. C., Roberts P. V., 1994 Comparison of Intraparticle Sorption and Desorption Rates for a Halogenated Alkene in a Sandy Aquifer Material. Environ. Sci.

Technol., 28,1550-1560.

Homsy G. M., 1987,Viscous Fingering in Porous Media. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics. Volume 19, Page 271-311.

How to Evaluate Alternative Cleanup Technologies for Underground Storage Tank Sites- A Guide for Corrective Action Plan Reviewers, USEPA, EPA 510-R-04-002, May, 2004.

J. W. Mercer, G. C. Frederickson, D. Burnell, S. Dublin, J. E. Donahue and R. M. Ferris.

2001. Successful Remediation of Chlorinated Solvents Using Source Treatment and Natural Attenuation.

Jang W. and Aral M. M., 2008,The Effect of Oxygen Transport on Biotransformation of Trichloroethylene in the Subsurface, ASCE Conference Proceedings 316, 60.

Johnson R. L. and Pankow J. F., 1992, Dissolution of Dense Chlorinated Solvents into Groundwater. 2.Source Function for Pools of Solvent. Environ. Sci.

Technol.,26,896-901.

122

Lash L. H., Qian W., Putt D. A., Desai K., Elfarra A. A., Sicuri A. R. andParker J. C., 1998, Glutathione Conjugation of Perchloroethylene in Rats and Mice in Vitro:

Sex-, Species-, and Tissue-Dependent Differences. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.

150: 49-57.

Levine B., Fierro M. F. and Goza S. W., 1981, A Tetrachloroethylene Fatality. J. Forensic Sci. 26: 206-209.

Longino B. L. and Kueper, B. H., 1995, The Use of Upward Gradients to Arrest Downward DNAPL Migration in The Presence of Solubilizing Surfactants,Can.

Geotech. J.32,296-308.

Mercer, J. W., and Cohen R. M., 1990, A Review of Immiscible Fluids in The Subsurface:

Models, Characterization and Remediation, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 6(2):107-163.

Middeldorp P. J. M., Luijten M. L. G. C., van de Pas B. A., van Eekert M. H. A., Kengen S. W. M., Schraa G. and Stams A.J.M., 1999, Anaerobic Microbial Reductive Dehalogenation of Chlorinated Ethenes. Biorem. J., 3 (3), 151–169.

Palmer C. J. and Johnson R. L., 1989, Physical Processes Controlling the Transport of Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids in the Surface, Seminar Publication: Transport and Fate of Contaminants in the Subsurface, Chapter 3, EPA/625/4-89/019, pp.

23-28.

Pankow, J. F., and Cherry J. A., 1996, Dense Chlorinated Solvents and other DNAPLs in Groundwater, Waterloo Press, Portland, OR, 522 p.

123

Pankow, J. F., and Cherry J. A., 1996, Dense Chlorinated Solvents and other DNAPLs in Groundwater, Waterloo Press, Portland, OR, 522 p.

Reproductive Outcomes of Wives of Dry-Cleaning Workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 20:

593-600.

S. Taweelarp, S. Saenton, 2013, Groundwater Flow and Solute Transport Simulations of the VOCs-Contaminated Area in Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate, Rayong Province.

Schaerlaekens J., Mallants D., Simunek J., Van Genuchten M. Th. and Feyen J., 1999, Numerical Simulation of Transport and Sequential Biodegradation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Using CHAIN_2D. Hydrological Processes, 13, 17, 2847–2859.

Schaerlaekens J., Mallants D., Simunek J., Van Genuchten M. Th. and Feyen J., 1999, Numerical Simulation of Transport and Sequential Biodegradation of Chlorinated Aliphatic Hydrocarbons Using CHAIN_2D. Hydrological Processes, 13, 17, 2847–2859.

Schwille F., 1988, Dense Chlorinated Solvents in Porous and Fractured Media.

Lewis,Chelsea,MI.

Scott, M. J., Metting, F. B., Fruchter, J. S. and Wildung, R. E. 1998 In situ Redox Manipulation for Immobilization of Inorganic Contaminations: Subsurface Barrier Technology Results in Significant Cost Sacings, Demonstrating the Value of Basic Science Investments. PNNL-SA-30297, UC-402

124

Srinivasan P. and Mercer J. W., 1988, Simulation of Biodegradation and Sorption Processes in Groundwater, Ground Water, 26(4):475-487.

Sujatha T. V. and Hegde M. J., 1998, C-Mitotic Effects of Trichloroethylene (TCE) on Bone Marrow Cells of Mice. Mutat. Res. 413: 151-158.

The Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council In Situ Chemical Oxidation Team, 2005, Technical and Regulatory Guidance for In Situ Chemical Oxidation of Contaminated Soil and Groundwater, ITRC

Tiehm A., Schmidt K., Stoll C., Muller A., Lohner S., Heidinger M., Wickert F. and Karch U., 2007, Assessment of Natural Microbial Dechlorination.Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment, Special Issue I (2007): 71-77.

U.S.EPA., 1985, Health Assessment Document for Tetrachloroethylene(Perchloroethylene) - Final Report. Washington, D.C., U.S. Environ. Prot. Agency:

EPA/600/8-82/006F.

U.S.EPA., 1992, Estimating Potential for Occurrence of DNAPL at Superfund Sites.

OSWER Publication 9355.4-07FS.

U.S.EPA.,1992, Guidelines for Exposure Assessment. Risk Assessment Forum and U.S Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC.

Verce M. F., Gunsch C. K., Danko A. S. and Freedman D. L., 2002, Cometabolism of cis-1,2-Dichloroethene by Aerobic Cultures Grown on Vinyl Chloride as The Primary Substrate. Environ. Sci. Technol., 36(10): 2171-2177.

Verschueren. K. , 1983, Handbook of Environmental Data on Organic Chemical, 2d ed,

125

Van Nostrand Reinhold Co., Toronto, Ont. 1310 pp.

Vidic, R. D. and Pohland, F. G. 1996. Treatment Walls. Groundwater Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC), TE-96-01.

Wartenberg D., Reyner D and Siegel Scott C., 2000, Trichloroethylene and Cancer:

Epidemiologic Evidence. Environ Health Perspect. 108(suppl. 2): 161-176.

相關文件