第五章、 結論與建議
5.3 建議
第六章、參考文獻
行政院環境保護署(2015),土壤及地下水污染管理基金會整治年報 Abou-Shanab R, A.I., Delorme, T.A., Angle, J.S., Chaney, R.L., Ghanem, K.,
Moawad, H., Ghozlan, H.A. (2003) Phenotypic characterization of microbes in the rhizosphere of Alyssum murale. Int. J. Pharm. 5, 367-379.
Awofolu, O. (2005) A survey of trace metals in vegetation, soil and lower animal along some selected major roads in metropolitan city of Lagos.
Environ. Monit. Assess. 105, 431–447.
Alkorta, I., Hernandez-Allica, J., Becerril, J., Amezaga, I., Albizu, I., Garbisu, C. (2004) Recent findings on the phytoremediation of soils contaminated with environmentally toxic heavy metals and metalloids such as zinc, cadmium,lead, and arsenic. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. 3, 71–90.
Ainza, C., Trevors, J., Saier, M. (2010) Environmental mercury rising. Water,
Air, Soil Pollut. 205, 47–48.
Baker, A.J.M., Brooks, R.R. (1989) Terrestrial higher plants which hyperaccumulate metallic elements—a review of their distribution, ecology and phytochemistry. Biorecovery. 1, 81–126.
Bano, N., Hollibaugh, J.T. (2002) Phylogenetic composition of bacterioplankton assemblages from the Arctic Ocean.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 68, 505-18.
Brown, S.L., Chaney, R.L., Angle, J.S., Baker, A.J.M. (1994)
Phytoremediation potential of Thlaspi caerulescens and bladder campion for zinc- and cad- mium-contaminated soil. J. Environ. Qual. 23, 1151–
1157.
Barcelo, J., Poschenrieder, C. (2003) Phytoremediation: principles and perspectives. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 2, 333–344.
Bruno-Fernando, F.P., Cleide-Aparecida, A., Solange, R., Ana-Maria, M.A.L.
and Antonio, P.G. (2007) Pb-phytoextraction by maize in a Pb-EDTA treated soil. Sci. Agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.). 64, 52-60.
Cassidy, D.P. and Irvine, R.L. (1999) Use of calcium peroxide to provide oxygen for contaminant biodegradation in a saturated soil. J. Hazard.
Mater. 69, 1, 25-39.
Cempel, M., Nikel, G. (2006) Nickel: a review of its sources and
environmental toxicology. Polish J. of Environ. Stud. 15, 375–382.
Chehregani, A., Malayeri, B.E. (2007) Removal of heavy metals by native accumulator plants. Int. J. Agrci. Biol. 9, 462–465.
Das, K., Das, S., Dhundasi, S. (2008) Nickel, its adverse health effects and boxidative stress. Indian J. Med. Res. 128, 412–425.
Duda-Chodak, A., Baszczyk, U. (2008) The impact of nickel on human health.
J. Elementol. 13, 685–696.
Dabonne, S., Koffi, B., Kouadio, E., Koffi, A.,Due, E., Kouame, L. (2010) Traditional utensils: Potential sources of poisoning by heavy metals. Br. J.
Pharm. Toxicol. 1, 90–92.
Evangelou, M.W.H., Ebel, M. and Schaeffer, A. (2007) Chelate assisted phytoextraction of heavy metals from soil. Effect, mechanism, toxicity, and fate of chelating agents. Chemosphere. 68, 989-1003.
Fulekar, M., Singh, A., Bhaduri, A.M. (2009) Genetic engineering strategies for enhancing phytoremediation of heavy metals. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 8, 529–535.
Fassler, E., Evangelou, M.W., Robinsonb, B.H. and Schulina, R. (2010) Effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) on sunflower growth and heavy metal uptake in combination with ethylene diamine disuccinic acid (EDDS). Chemosphere. 80, 901–907.
Ghosh, M., Singh, S.P. (2005) A review on phytoremediation of heavy metals and utilization of it’s by products. Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res. 3, 1–18.
Gohre, V., Paszkowski, U. (2006) Contribution of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis to heavy metal phytoremediation. Planta. 223, 1115–1122.
Ghosh, S. (2010) Wetland macrophytes as toxic metal accumulators. Int.
J.Environ. Sci. 1, 523–528.
Glick, B., Patten, C., Jolguin, G., Penrose, D. (1999) Biochemical and genetic me-chanisms used by plant growth promoting bacteria. Imperial College
Press, London, England.
Gulati, K., Banerjee, B., Bala Lall, S., Ray, A. (2010) Effects of diesel exhaust, heavy metals and pesticides on various organ systems: possible mechanisms and strategies for prevention and treatment. Indian J. Exp.
Biol. 48, 710–721.
Greipsson, S. (2011) Phytoremediation. Nat. Educ. Knowl. 2, 7.
Hess, R., Schmid, B. (2002) Zinc supplement overdose can have toxic effects.
J.Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 24, 582–584.
Hadi, F., Bano, A. and Fuller, M.P. (2010) The improved phytoextraction of lead (Pb) and the growth of maize (Zea mays L.):the role of plant growth regulators (GA3 and IAA) and EDTA alone and in combinations.
Chemosphere. 80, 457-462.
Hseu, Z.Y., S.H. Jien, S.H. Wang, and H.W. Deng. (2013) Using EDDS and NTA for enhanced phytoextraction of Cd by water spinach. J Environ
Manage. Sci. 117, 58-64.
Iqbal, M.P. (2012) Lead pollution—a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in Asian developing countries. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci. 25, 289–294.
Israr, M., Sahi, S.V. (2008) Promising role of plant hormones in translocation of lead in Sesbania drummondii shoots. Environ. Pollut. 153, 29-36.
Khan, M.A., Ahmad, I., ur Rahman, I. (2007) Effect of environmental
pollution on heavy metals content of Withania somnifera. J. Chin. Chem.
Soc. 54, 339–343.
Khan, S., Hesham, A.E.-L., Qiao, M., Rehman, S., He, J.-Z. (2010) Effects of Cd and Pb on soil microbial community structure and activities. Environ.
Sci. Pollut. Res. 17, 288–296.
Khan, A.L., Waqas, M., Hussain, J., Al-Harrasi, A., Hamayun, M., Lee, I.J.
(2015) Phytohormones enabled endophytic fungal symbiosis improve aluminum phytoextraction in tolerant Solanum lycopersicum: an examples of Penicillium janthinellum LK5 and comparison with exogenous GA3. J. Hazard. Mater. 295, 70–78
Koo, S.Y., Cho, K.S. (2009) Isolation and characterization of a plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Serratia sp. SY5. Journal of
Microbiology and Biotechnology 19(11), 1431-1438.
Lo, I.M.C., Tsang, D.C.W., Yip, T.C.M., Wang, F., Zhang, W. (2011) Significance of metal exchange in EDDS-flushing column experiments.
Chemosphere. 83, 7-13.
López, M.L., Peralta-Videa, J.R., Benitez, T. and Gardea-Torresdey, J.L.
(2005) Enhancement of lead uptake by alfalfa (Medicago sativa) using EDTA and a plant growth promoter. Chemosphere. 64, 595-598.
Lucy, M., Reed, E., Glick, B.R. (2004) Applications of free living plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 86(1), 1-25.
Luo, C.L., Shen, Z.G. and Li, X.D. (2005) Enhanced phytoextraction of Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd with EDTA and EDDS. Chemosphere. 59, 1-11.
Luo, C., Shen, Z., Li, X.D. and Baker, A.J.M. (2006) Enhanced
phytoextraction of Pb and other metals from artificially contaminated soils through the combined application of EDTA and EDDS.
Chemosphere. 63, 1773-1784.
Liphadzi, M.S. and Kirkham, M.B. (2006) Availability and plant uptake of heavy metals in EDTA-assisted phytoremediation of soil and composted biasolids. S. Afr .J .Bot. 72, 391-397.
Liu, D., Li, T., Islam, E., Jin, X. and Mahmood, Q. (2007) Enhanced of lead uptake by hyperaccumulator plant species Sedum alfredii Hance using EDTA and IAA. B. Environ. Contam. Tox. 78, 280-283.
Memon, A.R., Aktoprakligil, D., Ozdemir, A., Vertii, A. (2001) Heavy metal accumulation and detoxification mechanisms in plants. Turk. J. Bot. 25, 111– 121.
Meers, E., Ruttens, A., Hopgood, M.J., Samson, D., Tack, F.M.G. (2005) Comparison of EDTA and EDDS as potential soil amendments for enhanced phytoextraction of heavy metals. Chemosphere. 58, 1011–22.
Meers, E., Vandecasteele, B. and Ruttens, A. (2007) Potential of five willow species (Salix spp.) for phytoextraction of heavy metals. Environ.Exp. Bot.
60, 57-68.
Mishra, S., Dwivedi, S.P., Singh, R.B. (2010) A review on epigenetic effect of heavy metal carcinogenesis on human health. Open Nutraceut. J. 3, 188–193.
Mukhopadhyay, S., Maiti, S.K. (2010) Phytoremediation of metal enriched mine waste: a review. Global J. Environ. Res. 4, 135–150.
Neustadt, J., Pieczenik, S. (2007) Toxic-metal contamination: mercury. Integr.
Med. 6, 36–37.
Pulford, I., Watson, C. (2003) Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated land by trees-a review. Environ. Int. 29, 529–540.
Padmavathiamma, P.K., Li, L.Y. (2007) Phytoremediation technology:
hyperaccumulation metals in plants. Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 184, 105–126.
Rafati, M., Khorasani, N., Moattar, F., Shirvany, A., Moraghebi, F.,
Hosseinzadeh, S. (2011) Phytoremediation potential of Populus alba and Morus alba for cadmium, chromuim and nickel absorption from polluted soil. Int. J. Environ. Res. 5, 961–970.
Peng, K., Luo, C., Chen, Y., Wang, G., Li, X., Shen, Z. (2009) Cadmium and other metal uptake by Lobelia chinensis and Solanum nigrum from
contaminated soils. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 83, 260–264.
Rodrigues, S., Henriques, B., Reis, A., Duarte, A., Pereira, E., Romkens, P.F.A.M. (2012) Hg transfer from contaminated soils to plants and animals. Environ. Chem. Lett. 10, 61–67.
Salt, D.E., Smith, R.D. and Raskin, I. (1998) Phytoremediation. Annu. Rev.
Plant. Physiol. Plant. Mol. Biol. 49, 643-668.
Salem, H.M., Eweida, E.A., Farag, A. (2000) Heavy Metals in Drinking Water and their Environmental Impact on Human Health. ICEHM2000,
Cairo University, Egypt, pp. 542–556.
Schmidt, U. (2003) Enhancing phytoextraction: the effect of chemical soil manipulation on mobility, plant accumulation, and leaching of heavy metals. J. Environ. Qual. 32, 1939–1954.
Sekara, A., Poniedzialeek, M., Ciura, J., Jedrszczyk, E. (2005) Cadmium and lead accumulation and distribution in the organs of nine crops:
implications for phytoremediation. Pol. J. Environ. Stud. 14, 509–516.
Saleem, M., Arshad, M., Hussain, S. and Bhatti, A.S. (2007) Perspective of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) containing ACC deaminase in stress agriculture. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 34, 635-648.
Sanchez-Chardi, A., Ribeiro, C.A.O., Nadal, J. (2009) Metals in liver and kidneys and the effects of chronic exposure to pyrite mine pollution in the shrew Crocidura russula inhabiting the protected wetland of Donana.
Chemosphere. 76, 387–394.
Sabiha-Javied, Mehmood, T., Tufai, M., Irfan, N. (2009) Heavy metal pollution fromphosphate rock used for the production of fertilizer in Pakistan. Microchem. J.91, 94–99.
Sheng, X.F., Xia, J.J., jian, C.Y., He, L.Y., Qian, M. (2008)
Characterizationof heavy metal-resistant endophytic bacteria from rape
(Brassica napus) roots and their potential in promoting the growth and lead accumulation of rape. Environmental Pollution 156(3), 1164-1170.
Skoulou, V., Mariolis, N., Zanakis, G. and Zabaniotou, A. (2011) Sustainable management of energy crops for integrated biofuels and green energy production in Greece. Renew. Sust. Ener. Rev. 15, 1928-1936.
Tandy, S., Ammann, A., Schulin, R., Nowack, B. (2006) Biodegradation and speciation of residual SS-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) in soil solution left after soil washing. Environ Pollut. 142, 191–9.
Tessier, A., Campbell, P.G.C. and Bisson, M. (1979) Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of particulate trace metals. Anal. Chem. 51, 844-851.
Thangavel, P., Subbhuraam, C. (2004) Phytoextraction: role of
hyperaccumulators in metal contaminated soils. Proc. Indian Natl. Sci.
Acad. Part B 70, 109–130.
Tariq, M., Ali, M., Shah, Z. (2006) Characteristics of industrial effluents and theirpossible impacts on quality of underground water. Soil Environ. 25, 64–69.
Tripathi, R.D., Srivastava, S., Mishra, S., Singh, N., Tuli, R., Gupta, D.K., Maathuis, F.J.M. (2007) Arsenic hazards: strategies for tolerance and remediation by plants. Trends Biotechnol. 25, 158–165. Renew. Sust.
Energ. Rev.15, 1928–1936
Tassi, E., Pouget, J., Petruzzelli, G. and Barbafieri, M. (2008) The effects of exogenous plant growth regulators in the phytoextraction of heavy metals.
Chemosphere. 71, 66–73.
Tselutin, K., Seigneurin, F., Blesbois, E. (1999) Comparison of cryoprotec- tants and methods of cryopreservation of fowl spermatozoa. Sci. Poult. 78, 586–590.
Wuana, R.A., Okieimen, F.E. (2011) Heavy metals in contaminated soils: a review of sources, chemistry, risks and best available strategies for remediation. ISRN Ecology 2011, 1–20.
Yeh, T.Y., Lin, C.L., Lin, C.F. and Chen, C.C. (2015) Chelator-enhanced phytoextraction of Copper and Zinc by sunflower, Chinese cabbage, cattails and reeds. Int J Environ Sci Technol. 12, 327-340.
Yoon, J., Cao, X., Zhou, Q., Ma, L.Q. (2006) Accumulation of Pb, Cu, and Zn in native plants growing on a contaminated Florida site. Sci. Total
Environ. 368, 456–464.
附錄 口試委員意見回覆
4.植物生長激素 GA3為何可以用 於植體向日葵?
謝謝委員指教,因植物生長激素 GA3能促使草本植物開花,本研 究所利用之植體向日葵為草本植 物,故本研究利用植物生長激素 GA3於草本植物向日葵使增加其 生長之效率。
問題與建議 回覆 國立高雄海洋科技大學 董正釱 教授
1.建議章節 5.1 之盆栽實驗可針 對植生復育整治重金屬的效益多 作說明
謝謝委員建議,已於論文中修正
2.建議針對環境永續性在章節 5.3
進一步補充說明 謝謝委員建議,已於論文中修正
3.內文文獻與格式修改
謝謝委員建議,已於論文中修正
問題與建議 回覆
4.文獻引用與錯別字進一步修改
謝謝委員建議,已於論文中修正
問題與建議 回覆 國立高雄大學 葉琮裕 教授
1.建議第 5 章節盆栽實驗結論可 針對各別重金屬吸收效益進行討 論
謝謝委員建議,已於論文中修正
2.建議章節 4.1 盆栽實驗之各組
別高度生長圖再加以修改 謝謝委員建議,已於論文中修正