第五章 風對車輛與橋梁耦合系統之影響
6.2 建議
本文所提出之車輛-橋梁-風耦合系統模型是在簡化車輛分析模型假 設下所建立,並未模擬軌道與道碴系統,在此補充可使系統模型趨於完 善之建議,以提供未來研究相關議題人員作為參考。
1. 軌道模擬可於橋梁上放置一斷面符合軌道大小之剛體元素,並以 軌道不平整公式推算軌道不平整現象之歷時曲線,以邊界條件方式強迫 剛體發生時間歷時之位移,以模擬軌道不平整現象。
2. 改良輪軌接觸設定,以模擬 3D 橋梁元素與車輪互制現象。
3. 增加懸吊質量系統模型複雜度,精確模擬車輛各部位動力反應。
4. 車輛模型中增加勁度桿件連結車輛模型模擬相互耦合條件。
5. 增加勁度桿件連結三維空間中平行移動之車輛模型,以分析車輛
與橋梁側向自由度與反應。
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表 3.3.1 車輛系統自由度
車體 轉向架 輪軸組
元件編號 1 1 2 1 2 3 4
滾動運動 θ
cθ
t1θ
t2縱向運動
點頭運動 ϕ
cϕ
t1ϕ
t2側向運動 y
cy
t1y
t2y
w1y
w2y
w3y
w4搖頭運動 ψ
cψ
t1ψ
t2ψ
w1ψ
w2ψ
w3ψ
w4垂向運動 z
cz
t1z
t2表 3.3.2 車輛結構參數
元件 數值 單位 ABAQUS 元素代號
車體質量 55460 kg MASS
車輪質量 890 kg MASS
懸吊彈簧勁度 1.325×106 N/m SPRING2
前後輪間距 15 m -
表 4.2.1 橋梁參數 橋梁參數
跨距 25 m、50 m
單位質量 4235 kg/m
波松比 0.2
彈性係數 29.43 Gpa
斷面尺寸 2.878 m×2.878 m
表 4.2.2
VBI元素文獻所用橋梁與車輛參數Yang and Yau(1997) 姚與楊(2000)
橋梁跨距 25 m 25 m
單位質量 2303 kg/m 35072 kg/m
波松比 0.2 0.2
彈性係數 2.87 Gpa 29.43 Gpa
橋梁慣性矩 2.9 m4 5.72 m4
車輛質量 5750 kg 56350 kg
車輛彈簧勁度 1595 kN/m 15631 kN/m
文獻回顧
車輛模型簡化與建立 輪軌互制行為之建立
橋梁梁元素理論與建立
車輛-橋梁耦合系統建立
與 VBI 元素驗證
圖 1.4.1 研究流程圖 序列式車輛與橋梁
動力分析
連續序列式車輛與橋梁 動力分析 單一車輛與橋梁系統
動力分析
風力對車輛與橋梁耦合系統影響
結論與建議
圖 3.2.1 空間中的梁元素 (左圖)二維空間 (右圖)三維空間
圖 3.2.2 橋梁受週期性載重示意圖 Lc
Ld d
(x1,y1,z1)
(x2,y2,z2)
1
2 1 2
(x1,y1) (x2,y2)
圖 3.3.1 車輛-軌道-橋梁耦合系統
simplify
wheel set car body
wheel spring
car body
dashpot
y
springcar body
dashpot
wheel spring
car body
dashpot simplify
y
x
P
EI
L
圖 4.1.1 靜力分析驗證模型
圖 4.2.1 動力分析驗證模型
圖 4.2.2 動力分析算例外力P(t) P(t)
m
k
T P
P(t)=10kN
-0.18 -0.14 -0.10 -0.06 -0.02 0.02
0.0 0.1 0.2 0
Time (sec)
Response (m)
.3
ABAQUS Exact
圖 4.2.3 ABAQUS動力分析驗證結果
圖 4.4.1 VBI元素模擬車輛與橋梁互制系統 car body
beam spring
V
-2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Time (sec)
Center point deflection (mm)
Yang and Yau(1997) Present
圖 4.4.2 本文與VBI元素(Yang and Yau,1997)比較橋梁中點反應
-2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Time (sec)
Center point deflection (mm)
姚與楊(2000) Present
圖 4.4.3 本文與VBI元素(姚與楊,2000)比較橋梁中點反應
-0.0020 -0.0015 -0.0010 -0.0005 0.0000 0.0005 0.0010
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Time (sec)
Center point deflection (m)
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.4.4 橋跨 25m橋梁中點垂直向反應
-1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5
100 km/hr 200 km/hr
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
Time (sec) Center point acceleration (m/s2 )
300 km/hr
圖 4.4.5 橋跨 25m橋梁中點垂直向加速度反應
-0.0025 -0.0020 -0.0015 -0.0010 -0.0005
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m)
Wheel deflection (m)
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.4.6 橋跨 25m車輛車輪垂直向反應
-2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0
0 5 10 15 20 25
D tance (m) Wheel acceleration (m/s2 )
100 km/hr 200 km/hr
is
300 km/hr
圖 4.4.7 橋跨 25m車輛車體垂直向加速度反應
-0.0020 -0.0015 -0.0010 -0.0005 0.0000 0.0005 0.0010
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Time (sec)
Center point deflection (m)
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.4.8 考慮橋梁阻尼之中點垂直向反應(跨距25m)
-1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
Time (sec) Center point acceleration (m/s2 )
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.4.9 考慮橋梁阻尼之中點垂直向加速度反應(跨距25m)
-0.0025 -0.0020 -0.0015 -0.0010 -0.0005
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m)
Wheel deflection (m)
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.4.10 考慮車輛阻尼之車輪垂直向反應(橋跨25m)
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m) Wheel acceleration (m/s2 )
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.4.11 考慮車輛阻尼之車輪垂直向加速度反應(橋跨25m)
-0.020
Time (sec)
Center point deflection (m)
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.4.12 橋跨 50m橋梁中點垂直向反應
Time (sec) Center point acceleration (m/s2 )
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.4.13 橋跨 50m橋梁中點垂直向加度度反應
-0.015 -0.010 -0.005 0.000
0 10 20 30 40
Distance (m)
Wheel deflection (m)
50 100 km/hr
200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.4.14 橋跨 50m車輛車輪垂直向反應
Distance (m) Wheel acceleration (m/s2 )
0 100 km/hr
200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.4.15 橋跨 50m車輛車輪垂直向加速度反應
圖 4.5.1 序列車輛與橋梁系統示意圖
-0.0020 -0.0015 -0.0010 -0.0005 0.0000 0.0005 0.0010
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Time (sec)
Center point deflection (m)
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.2 橋跨 25m受序列車輛作用橋梁中點垂直向反應 d=15m
V
-2 -1 0 1 2
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Time (sec) Center point acceleration (m/s2 )
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.3 橋跨 25m受序列車輛作用橋梁中點垂直向加度度反應
-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0.000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m)
First wheel deflection (m)
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.4 橋跨 25m序列車輛第一車輪垂直向反應
-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0.000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m)
Second wheel deflection (m)
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.5 橋跨 25m序列車輛第二車輪垂直向反應
-2 -1 0 1 2
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m) First wheel acceleration (m/s2 )
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.6 橋跨 25m序列車輛第一車輪垂直向加速度反應
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m) Second wheel acceleration (m/s2 )
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.7 橋跨 25m序列車輛第二車輪垂直向加速度反應
-0.0020 -0.0015 -0.0010 -0.0005 0.0000 0.0005 0.0010
1 2 3 4
Time (sec)
Center point deflection (m)
5 100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.8 考慮橋梁阻尼受序列車輛作用之中點垂直向反應(跨距 25m)
-2 -1 0 1 2
1 2 3 4
Time (sec) Center point acceleration (m/s2 )
5
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.9 考慮橋梁阻尼受序列車輛作用之中點垂直向加速度反應(跨距 25m)
-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0.000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m)
First wheel deflection (m)
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.10 考慮車輛阻尼之序列車輛第一車輪垂直向反應(橋跨 25m)
-0.003 -0.002 -0.001 0.000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m)
Second wheel deflection (m)
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.11 考慮車輛阻尼之序列車輛第二車輪垂直向反應(橋跨 25m)
-2.5 -1.5 -0.5 0.5 1.5 2.5
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m) First wheel acceleration (m/s2 )
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖4.5.12 考慮車輛阻尼之序列車輛第一車輪垂直向加速度反應(橋跨 25m)
-4 -2 0 2 4
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m) Second wheel acceleration (m/s2 )
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.13 考慮車輛阻尼之序列車輛第二車輪垂直向加速度反應(橋跨 25m)
-0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03
1 2 3 4 5
Time (sec)
Center point deflection (m)
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.14 橋跨 50m受序列車輛作用橋梁中點垂直向反應
-3
Time (sec)
Center point acceleration (m/s2 )
5
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.15 橋跨 50m受序列車輛作用橋梁中點垂直向加速度反應
Distance (m)
First wheel deflection (m)
50 100 km/hr
200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.16 橋跨 50m序列車輛第一車輪垂直向反應
-0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00
0 10 20 30 40 5
Distance (m)
Second wheel deflection (m)
0 100 km/hr
200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.17 橋跨 50m序列車輛第二車輪垂直向反應
Distance (m)
First wheel acceleration (m/s2 )
50 100 km/hr
200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.18 橋跨 50m序列車輛第一車輪垂直向加速度反應
-15 -10 -5 0 5 10 15
0 10 20 30 40 5
Distance (m)
Second wheel acceleration (m/s 2 )
0 100 km/hr
200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.5.19 橋跨 50m序列車輛第二車輪垂直向加速度反應
圖 4.6.1 連續序列車輛與橋梁系統示意圖
d d d d
V
-0.010 -0.005 0.000 0.005 0.010
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Time (sec)
Center point deflection (m)
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.6.2 橋跨 25m受連續序列車輛作用橋梁中點垂直向反應
-2 -1 0 1 2
1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
Time (sec) Center point acceleration (m/s2 )
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.6.3 橋跨 25m受連續序列車輛作用橋梁中點垂直向加速度反應
-0.010 -0.005 0.000
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
distance (m)
Wheel deflection (m)
100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 km/hr
圖 4.6.4 橋跨 25m連續序列車輛第一車輪垂直向反應
-0.010 -0.008 -0.006 -0.004 -0.002 0.000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m)
Wheel deflection (m)
1st 2nd 3rd
4th 5th
圖 4.6.5 橋跨 25m序列車輛各車輪垂直向反應(車速 100 km/hr)
-0.010 -0.008 -0.006 -0.004 -0.002 0.000
0 5 10 15 20 25
distance (m)
Wheel deflection (m)
1st 2nd 3rd
4th 5th
圖4.6.6 橋跨 25m序列車輛各車輪垂直向反應(車速 300 km/hr)
-10 -5 0 5 10
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
Dstance (m) Wheel acceleration (m/s2 )
1st 2nd 3rd
圖 4.6.7 橋跨 25m序列車輛第一至第三車輪垂直向加速度反應(車速 100 km/hr)
-10 -5 0 5 10
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
Dstance (m) Wheel acceleration (m/s2 )
4th 5th
圖 4.6.8 橋跨 25m序列車輛第四與第五車輪垂直向加速度反應(車速100 km/hr)
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m) Wheel acceleration (m/s2 )
1st 2nd 3rd
圖 4.6.9 橋跨 25m序列車輛第一至第三車輪垂直向加速度反應(車速 300 km/hr)
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6
0 5 10 15 20 25
Distance (m) Wheel acceleration (m/s2 )
4th 5th
圖 4.6.10 km/hr)
圖 5.2.1 車輛與橋梁受風之拖曳力分力與升力分力示意圖 橋跨 25m序列車輛第四與第五車輪垂直向加速度反應(車速 300
v
b
F
w bF
uwv
F
0 10 20 30 40 50
0 2 4 Time (sec) 6 8
Wind drag force (kN)
10 wind drag force - 25 m/s wind drag force - 32.5 m/s
圖 5.2.2 橋梁受風水平向之拖曳力歷時資料
-3000 -2000 -1000 0
0 2 4 6 8
Time (sec)
Wind lift force (kN)
10 wind lift force - 25 m/s wind lift force - 32.5 m/s
圖 5.2.3 橋梁受風垂直向之升力歷時資料
-2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0
0 2 4 Time (sec) 6 8
Wind lift force (kN)
10 wind lift force - 25 m/s
wind lift force - 32.5 m/s
圖 5.2.4 車輛受風垂直向之升力歷時資料
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4
1
0 m/s 25 m/s
3 5 7 9 11
Time (sec)
Center point deflection (m)
32.5 m/s
圖 5.2.5 橋梁受風中點垂直向反應
-75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75
1 3 5 7 9
Time (sec) Center point acceleration (m/s2 )
11
0 m/s 25 m/s
圖 5.2.6 橋梁受風中點垂直向加速度反應(風速 25m/s)
-50 -25 0 25 50
1 3 5 7 9
Time (sec) Center point acceleration (m/s2 )
11
0 m/s 32.5 m/s
圖 5.2.7 橋梁受風中點垂直向加速度反應(風速 32.5m/s)
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
1 3 5 7 9
Time (sec)
Center point deflection (m)
11 100 km/hr 200 km/hr 300 kn/hr
圖 5.3.1 橋梁受車輛作用之中點垂直向反應(風速25m/s)
-200 -100 0 100 200
1 3 5 7 9
Time (sec) Center point acceleration (m/s2)
11 100 km/hr
圖 5.3.2 橋梁中點垂直向加速度反應(風速 25m/s、車速 100km/hr)
-200 -100 0 100 200
1 3 5 7 9
Time (sec) Center point acceleration (m/s2 )
11 200 km/hr
圖 5.3.3 橋梁中點垂直向加速度反應(風速 25m/s、車速 200km/hr)
圖 5.3.3 橋梁中點垂直向加速度反應(風速 25m/s、車速 200km/hr)