• 沒有找到結果。

經過模式之優缺點比較以及功能限制條件作為初步評估之後,決定選用功能 完整性佳,且操作介面簡明易上手之SOBEK模式,進行案例測試以及參數敏感 度分析,進一步評估模式作為後續研究模擬之可行性。

此外在數值穩定性上,SOBEK模式採用動力波方程式求解二維漫地流流 況,不會發生數值發散導致模擬中斷之情形。而關於模擬時間方面,依照本次玉 成排水區案例模擬經驗,進行格網尺度16m×16m(121,801格區),應用四核心 個人電腦(中央處理器Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600 @2376 MHz,記憶體DDR2-800 3.25G)進行24小時降雨之淹水過程所需計算時間約為12小時。

綜合上述優缺點比較、模式功能限制分析、數值穩定性與使用介面親和度等 各項評比,同時亦考量與其他各子計畫研究成果之可整合性,最終決定採用 SOBEK模式作為後續應用研究之模式。

六、結論與建議 6. 1 結論:

1. 進行淹水模式等相關理論及模式之文獻蒐集,綜合評估其優缺點及使用限制 條件,並參考文獻中所建議之糙度範圍,加以整合應用於模式的檢定與測 試,進而選取出後續研究採用模式。

2. 以臺北市玉成抽水站鄰近之集水區範圍為例,配合 2001 年之納莉颱洪事 件,建立數值模型試驗案例,模擬都市淹水情形;透過此案例進行測試,可 以瞭解模式與參數之影響程度,所得結果可供相關洪災模擬與避難規劃參 考。

6. 2 建議

1. 往後模擬可配合都市計畫,建立都市計畫更新後之土地利用狀態,並結合未 來可能改變之降雨特性,模擬淹水情境以供防災整備之參考。

2. 往後模擬可單就欲探討之局部區域格網,使用更高解析度之 DTM 進行淹水 模擬,以增進淹水模擬結果之正確性及計算效率。

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2. Balloffet, A. and Scheffler, M. L.,(1982)“Numerical Analysis of the Teton Dam Failure Flood”, Journal of Hydraulic Research, 20, 317-428.

3. Cunge, J. A., Holly, F. M., and Verwey, A.(1980)“Practical Aspects of Computational River Hydraulics” Pitman Publishing Ltd., London.

4. Ferrante, M., Napolitano, F., and Ubertini, L., (2000). “Optimization of transportation networks during urban flooding”, Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 36 (5), 1115-1120.

5. Frank, E., Ostan, A., Caccato, M. & Stelling, G.S. (2001) . Use of an integrated one dimensional-two dimensional hydraulic modeling approach for flood hazard and risk mapping. River Basin Management, eds. R.A. Falconer & W.R. Blain, WIT Press, Southampton, UK, pp. 99-108.

6. Gustafsson, B., (1971), “An alternating direction implicit method for solving the shallow water equations”, Journal of the Computational Physics, 7, 239-254.

7. Garcia, R. and Kahawata, R. A., (1986), “Numerical solution of the St. Venant equations with the MacCormack finite-difference scheme”, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 6, 259-274.

8. Huber, W. C. and Dickinson, R. E.,(1988). “Storm Water Management Model.

User's Manual Ver. ” IV, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

9. Han, K. Y., Lee, J. T., and Park, J. H.,(1998). “Flood Inundation Analysis Resulting from Levee-Break”, Journal of Hydraulic Research, 36(5), 747-759.

10. Hsu, M. H., Chen, S.H. and Chang, T.J.,(2000). “Inundation simulation for urban drainage basin with storm sewer system. Journal of Hydrology”, 234(1-2), 21-37.

11. Inoue, K., Iwasa, Y. and Matsuo, N., (1987). “Numerical analysis of two dimensional free surface flow by means of finite difference method and its application to practical problems”, Proceedings of ROC-Japan Joint Seminar on Water Resources Engineering, Taipei.

12. Katopodes, N. D. and Strelkoff, T., (1978). “Computing two dimension dam-break flow wave”, Journal of the Hydraulic Division, ASCE, 104(HY9).

13. Katopodes, N. D. and Strelkoff, T., ( 1979 ) . “Two-dimensional shallow water-wave models”, Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, ASCE, 105(EM2), 317-434.

14. Preissmann, A., (1961). “Propagation des intumescences dans les canaux etrivieres, First Congress of the French Association for Computation, Grenoble, France. ”, 433-442.

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15. Roesner, L. A., Aldrich, J. A., Dickinson R. E.,(1988 ) , “Storm Water Management Model”. User's Manual Ver. IV: EXTRAN addendum. U. S.

Environmental Protection Agency.

16. Vongvisessomjai, S., Tingsanchali, T., and Chaiwat, C., (1985). “Bangkok flood plain model”, 21st IAHR Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 433-488.

17. Xanthopoulos, T. and Koutitas, C., ( 1976 ) . “Numerical simulation of two-dimensional flood wave propagation due to dam failure”, Journal of Hydraulic Research, 14, 321-331.

18. 經濟部水利署(2005),「中央管河川警戒水位訂定標準及北區河川檢討」。

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35. 許銘熙、張倉榮、鄧慰先、謝龍生、黃成甲、葉森海(2005),「臺北縣市 淹水潛勢資料」,行政院國家科學委員會研究計畫報告。

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