未來展望

圖5-01、HDH-CAOW、熱泵、PVT 系統的示意圖。

圖5-02、HDH-CAOW、熱泵、PVT 複合系統的模擬結果。

由於此系統利用了在除濕器所用於降溫的熱量，使輸入熱降低。且熱泵不僅能 夠加溫熱水，同時也能夠使冷卻水更加低溫，促使系統擁有更加優良的冷卻能力，

就像本研究所指出的一樣，冷卻能力對系統的影響甚大，因此這個系統才能夠產生 如此優良的結果，即安裝熱泵對於HDH 系統而言，有相當大的好處。

另外圖 5-02 也同時運用了 PVT 的廢熱，但僅取熱水溫度在 40℃的情況。在 PVT 實驗測試中，熱水溫度可達 55℃，故在輸入熱為零的情況下，或許整個系統 的GOR 可望再提升。

因此未來除了前面所敘述的直接接觸的空氣冷卻實驗，也期望能夠將此系統 打造出來，即HDH、熱泵與 PVT 的複合系統，測試在設置下的實際 GOR 值。

參考文獻

[1] Patrick Gerland, Adrian E. Raftery, Hana Ševčíková, Nan Li, Dannan Gu, Thomas Spoorenberg, Leotine Alkema, Bailey K. Fosdick, Jennifer Chunn, Nevena Lalic, Guiomar Bay, Thomas Buettner, Gerhard K. Heilig, John Wilmoth. World population stabilization unlikely this century. Science (2014) 234-237.

[2] H. Sharon, K. S. Reddy. A review of solar energy driven desalination technologies. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2015) 1080-1118.

[3] Ghazi Al-Enezi, Hisham Ettouney, Nagla Fawzy. Low temperature humidification dehumidification desalination process. Energy Conversion and Management (2006) 470-484.

[4] Zehui Chang, Hongfei Zheng, Yingjun Yan, Yuehong Su, Zhanchun Duan.

Experimental investigation of a novel multi-effect solar desalination system based on humidification–dehumidification process. Renewable Energy (2014) 253-259.

[5] Abdelrahman Aburub, Mansur Aliyu, Dahiru U. Lawal, Mohammed A. Antar.

Experimental investigations of a cross-flow humidification dehumidification desalination system. International Water Technology Journal (2017) 198-208.

[6] Hossam A. Ahmed, I.M. Ismail, Wael F. Saleh, M.Ahmed. Experimental investigation

humidifier. Desalination (2017) 19-29.

[7] Dahiru U. Lawal, Mohamed A. Antar, Abdelrahman Aburub, Mansur Aliyu.

Performance assessment of a cross-flow packed-bed humidification–dehumidification (HDH) desalination system–the effect of mass extraction. Desalination and Water Treatment (2018) 28-37.

[8] A. E. Kabeel, Mohamed Abdelgaied. Experimental evaluation of a two-stage indirect solar dryer with reheating coupled with HDH desalination system for remote areas. Desalination (2018) 22-29.

[9] E. H. Amer, H.Kotb, G. H. Mostafa, A.R. El-Ghalban. Theoretical and experimental investigation of humidification–dehumidification desalination unit. Desalination (2009) 949-959.

[10] G. Prakash Narayan, Mostafa H Sharqawy, John H. Lienhard, Syed M. Zubair.

Thermodynamic analysis of humidification dehumidification desalination cycles. Desalination and Water Treatment (2010) 339-353.

[11] G. Prakash Narayan, Karan H. Mistry, Mostafa H. Sharqawy, Syed M. Zubair, John H. Lienhard V. Energy effectiveness of simultaneous heat and mass exchange devices.

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer (2010) 1-13.

[12] G. Prakash Narayan, John H. Lenhard V, Syed M. Zubair. Entropy generation minimization of combined heat and mass transfer devices. International Journal of

Thermal Sciences (2010) 2057-2066.

[13] G. Prakash Narayan, Maximus G. St. John, Syed M. Zubair, John H. Lienhard V.

Thermal design of the humidification dehumidification desalination system: An experimental investigation. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer (2013) 740-748.

[14] Saeed Dehghani, Abhijit Date, Aliakbar Akbarzadeh. Performance analysis of a heat pump driven humidification-dehumidification desalination system. Desalination (2018) 95-104.

[15] Farooq R. Siddiqui, Nabil A.S. Elminshawy, Mohammad F. Addas. Design and performance improvement of a solar desalination system by using solar air heater:

Experimental and theoretical approach. Desalination (2016) 78-87.

[16] S.S. Hu, B. J. Huang. Study of a high efficiency residential split water-cooled air conditioner. Applied Thermal Engineering (2005) 1599-1613.

[17] Tung-Fu Hou, Yu-Yuan Hsieh, Ting-Le Lin, Yi-Hung Chuang, Bin-Juine Huang.

Cellulose-pad water cooling system with cold storage. International Journal of Refrigeration (2016) 383-393.

[18] Jameel-Ur-Rehman Khan, M. Yaqub, Syed M. Zubair. Performance characteristics of counter flow wet cooling towers. Energy Conversion and Management (2003)

2073-[19] A. E. Kabeel, Mohamed Abdelgaied, M'Barek Feddaoui. Hybrid system of an indirect evaporative air cooler and HDH desalination system assisted by solar energy for remote areas. Desalination (2018) 162-167.

[20] M. Ifras Zubair, Fahad A. Al-Sulaiman, M.A. Antar, Salem A. Al-Dini, Nasiru I.

Ibrahim. Performance and cost assessment of solar driven humidification dehumidification desalination system. Energy Conversion and Management (2017) 28-39.

[21] Farooq R. Siddiqui, Nabil A.S. Elminshawy, Mohammad F. Addas. Design and performance improvement of a solar desalination system by using solar air heater:

Experimental and theoretical approach. Desalination (2016) 78-87.

[22] Gregory P. Thiel, Jacob A. Miller, Syed M. Zubair, John H. Lienhard V. Effect of mass extractions and injections on the performance of a fixed-size humidification–

dehumidification desalination system. Desalination (2013) 50-58.

[23] Mohammed Farid, Abdul Wahid Al-Hajaj. Solar desalination with a humidification-dehumidification cycle. Desalination (1996) 427-429.

[24] Guofeng Yuan, Zhifeng Wang, Hongyong Li, Xing Li. Experimental study of a solar desalination system based on humidification–dehumidification process. Desalination (2011) 92-98.

[25] A. S. Nafey, H.E.S Fath, S.O. El-Helaby, A.M. Soliman. Solar desalination using humidification dehumidification processes. Part I. A numerical investigation. Energy Conversion and Management (2004) 1243-1261.

[26] A.S. Nafey, H.E.S Fath, S.O. El-Helaby, A. Soliman. Solar desalination using humidification–dehumidification processes. Part II. An experimental investigation. Energy Conversion and Management (2004) 1263-1277.

[27] Said Al-Hallaj, Mohammed Mehdi Farid, Abdul Rahman Tamimi. Solar desalination with a humidification-dehumidification cycle: performance of the unit. Desalination (1998) 273-280.

[28] Adewale Giwa, Nawshad Akther, Amna Al Housani, Sabeera Haris, Shadi Wajih Hasan. Recent advances in humidification dehumidification (HDH) desalination processes: Improved designs and productivity. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews (2016) 929-944.

[29] Cemil Yamalı, İsmail Solmus. A solar desalination system using humidification–

dehumidification process: experimental study and comparison with the theoretical results. Desalination (2008) 538-551.

[30] Juan-Jorge Hermosillo, Camilo A. Arancibia-Bulnes, Claudio A. Estrada. Water desalination by air humidification: Mathematical model and experimental study. Solar

[31] J. Orfi, M. Laplante, H.Marmouch, N. Galanis, B.Benhamou, S. Ben Nasrallah, C.T.

Nguyen. Experimental and theoretical study of a humidification-dehumidification water desalination system using solar energy. Desalination (2004) 151-159

[32] M. Zamen, S.M. Soufari, S Abbasian Vahdat, M Experimental investigation of a two-stage solar humidification–dehumidification desalination process. Desalination (2014) 1-6.

[33] M. A. Younis, M. A. Darwish, F. Juwayhel. Experimental and theoretical study of a humidification-dehumidification desalting system. Desalination (1993) 11-24.