第六章 結論與未來展望
6.2 未來展望
因為語音的內容是由音節與音節間的停頓所建構而成，經由本研究實驗結果已經看見音 節間的停頓的韻律訊息帶來的效果，除了本研究考慮的與韻律停頓標記相關的模型外，還有 與韻律狀態相關的韻律模型，能夠描述音節內的參數是如何受到韻律邊界停頓和韻律狀態及 語言參數的影響，若是能將其也完整一併加入，相信對辨識率的改進還有提升的空間。並且 若能將第一階段產生的 N-best list 改為輸出 lattice 形式，如此涵蓋率又能大幅提升，甚至修 改二階段辨識系統架構，直接將韻律模型整合至第一階段的辨認系統上，應該能有更顯著的
參考文獻
[1] L.R.Rabiner and B.H.Juang, ”Fundamental of speech Recognition,” NEW Jersey,Prentice-Hall,Inc.,1993
[2] M. Ostendorf, I. Shafran, and R. Bates, “Prosody models for conversational speech recognition,” in Proc. of the 2nd Plenary Meeting and Symposium on Prosody and Speech Processing 2003, pp. 147–154.
[3] A. Stolcke, E. Shriberg, D. Hakkani-Tür ,and G. Tür, “Modeling the prosody of hidden events for improved word recognition,” in Proc. of Eurospeech 1999, pp. 311-314.
[4] K. Chen and M. Hasegawa-Johnson.“Improving the robustness of prosody dependent language models based on prosody syntax dependence”. In Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Speech Recognition and Understanding, pp. 435–440, St. Thomas, U. S. Virgin Islands, 2003.
[5] K. Chen, M. Hasegawa-Johnson, A. Cohen, S. Borys, S.S. Kim, J. Cole, and J.Y. Choi,
“Prosody dependent speech recognition on radio news corpus of American english,” IEEE Transactions on Speech, Audio, Language Processing, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 232–245, 2006.
[6] 江振孙, “非監督式中文語音韻律標記及韻律模式”，國立交通大學博士論文，民國九十 八年三月。
[7] Hidden Markov Model Toolkit (HTK) , http://htk.eng.cam.ac.uk [8] F. Sha and F. Pereira. Shallow parsing with conditional random fields.
[9] 周建邦, “中文大詞彙語音辨認知語言模型改進”, 國立交通大學碩士論文, 民國九十八 年十二月。
[10] Z. Sheng, J.-H. Tao, and D.-L. Jiang,“Chinese prosodic phrasing with extended features,”Proceedings of the IEEE ICASSP 2003, Vol. 1, pp.492-495, 2008
[11] C.-Y. Tseng, S.-H. Pin, Y.-L. Lee. H.-M. Wang, and Y.-C Chen, “Fluent speech prosody:Framwork and modeling,”Speech Commun. Special issue on quantitive prosody modeling for natural speech description and generation, 46, 284-309 2005
backoff. In Proceedingsof HLT/NAACL, pages 4.6, 2003
[13] Beyerlein, P., “Discriminative model combination.” Proc. ICASSP 1998
[14] Stolcke, Andreas (2002): "SRILM - an extensible language modeling toolkit", In ICSLP-2002, 901-904
附錄一：決策樹問題
The question set
The question set used to construct the decision trees for building the break-syntax modelP B l( n| )n and P pd ed pj dl df( n, n, n, n, n|B ln, )n is listed below:
1 Is the inter-syllable location an utterance boundary?
2 Is the inter-syllable location an interword?
3 Does a PM exist at the inter-syllable location?
4 Does a Major PM exist at the inter-syllable location?
5 Does a。exist at the inter-syllable location?
6 Does a，exist at the inter-syllable location?
7 Does a、exist at the inter-syllable location?
8 Does a〃exist at the inter-syllable location?
9 Does a；exist at the inter-syllable location?
10 Does a：exist at the inter-syllable location?
11 Does a？exist at the inter-syllable location?
12 Does a！exist at the inter-syllable location?
13 Does a（exist at the inter-syllable location?
14 Does a）exist at the inter-syllable location?
15 Is the the preceding special prefix words + special 1-syllable words: Ng, Ncd, Di, DE, I, T?
16 Is the POS of the preceding word A?
23 Is the POS of the preceding word DE?
24 Is the POS of the preceding word SHI?
25 Is the POS of the preceding word FW?
27 Is the POS of the preceding word Da Di Dk D?
28 Is the POS of the preceding word Dfa?
29 Is the POS of the preceding word Dfb?
30 Is the POS of the preceding word Na Nb Nc Nv?
31 Is the POS of the preceding word Nd?
32 Is the POS of the preceding word Neu Nes Nep Neqa Neqb Nf?
33 Is the POS of the preceding word Ng Ncd?
34 Is the POS of the preceding word Nh?
35 Is the POS of the preceding word VA VAC VG?
36 Is the POS of the preceding word VB VC VCL VD VE VF VJ VK VL?
37 Is the POS of the preceding word VH VHC VI?
38 Is the POS of the preceding word V_2?
39 Is the POS of the preceding word Caa?
40 Is the POS of the preceding word Cab?
41 Is the POS of the preceding word Cba?
42 Is the POS of the preceding word Cbb?
43 Is the POS of the preceding word Da?
44 Is the POS of the preceding word Di?
45 Is the POS of the preceding word Dk?
46 Is the POS of the preceding word D?
47 Is the POS of the preceding word Na?
48 Is the POS of the preceding word Nb?
49 Is the POS of the preceding word Nc?
50 Is the POS of the preceding word Ncd?
51 Is the POS of the preceding word Neu?
52 Is the POS of the preceding word Nes?
53 Is the POS of the preceding word Nep?
54 Is the POS of the preceding word Neqa?
55 Is the POS of the preceding word Neqb?
56 Is the POS of the preceding word Nf?
57 Is the POS of the preceding word Ng?
61 Is the POS of the preceding word VA?
62 Is the POS of the preceding word VAC?
63 Is the POS of the preceding word VB?
64 Is the POS of the preceding word VC?
65 Is the POS of the preceding word VCL?
66 Is the POS of the preceding word VD?
67 Is the POS of the preceding word VE?
68 Is the POS of the preceding word VF?
69 Is the POS of the preceding word VG?
70 Is the POS of the preceding word VH?
71 Is the POS of the preceding word VHC?
72 Is the POS of the preceding word VI?
73 Is the POS of the preceding word VJ?
74 Is the POS of the preceding word VK?
75 Is the POS of the preceding word VL?
76 Is the length of the preceding word is 1?
77 Is the length of the preceding word is 2?
78 Is the length of the preceding word is 3?
79 Is the length of the preceding word is 4?
80 Is the length of the preceding word is 5?
81 Is the length of the preceding word is 6?
82 Is the length of the preceding word less than 2?
83 Is the length of the preceding word less than 3?
84 Is the length of the preceding word less than 4?
85 Is the length of the preceding word less than 5?
86 Is the length of the preceding word less than 6?
87 Is the following special 1-syllable words: Ng, Ncd, Di, DE, I, T + special suffix words?
88 Is the POS of the following word A?
95 Is the POS of the following word DE?
96 Is the POS of the following word SHI?
97 Is the POS of the following word FW?
98 Is the POS of the following word DM?
99 Is the POS of the following word Da Di Dk D?
100 Is the POS of the following word Dfa?
101 Is the POS of the following word Dfb?
102 Is the POS of the following word Na Nb Nc Nv?
103 Is the POS of the following word Nd?
104 Is the POS of the following word Neu Nes Nep Neqa Neqb Nf?
105 Is the POS of the following word Ng Ncd?
106 Is the POS of the following word Nh?
107 Is the POS of the following word VA VAC VG?
108 Is the POS of the following word VB VC VCL VD VE VF VJ VK VL?
109 Is the POS of the following word VH VHC VI?
110 Is the POS of the following word V_2?
111 Is the POS of the following word Caa?
112 Is the POS of the following word Cab?
113 Is the POS of the following word Cba?
114 Is the POS of the following word Cbb?
115 Is the POS of the following word Da?
116 Is the POS of the following word Di?
117 Is the POS of the following word Dk?
118 Is the POS of the following word D?
119 Is the POS of the following word Na?
120 Is the POS of the following word Nb?
121 Is the POS of the following word Nc?
122 Is the POS of the following word Ncd?
123 Is the POS of the following word Neu?
124 Is the POS of the following word Nes?
125 Is the POS of the following word Nep?
129 Is the POS of the following word Ng?
130 Is the POS of the following word Nv?
131 Is the POS of the following word I?
132 Is the POS of the following word T?
133 Is the POS of the following word VA?
134 Is the POS of the following word VAC?
135 Is the POS of the following word VB?
136 Is the POS of the following word VC?
137 Is the POS of the following word VCL?
138 Is the POS of the following word VD?
139 Is the POS of the following word VE?
140 Is the POS of the following word VF?
141 Is the POS of the following word VG?
142 Is the POS of the following word VH?
143 Is the POS of the following word VHC?
144 Is the POS of the following word VI?
145 Is the POS of the following word VJ?
146 Is the POS of the following word VK?
147 Is the POS of the following word VL?
148 Is the length of the following word is 1?
149 Is the length of the following word is 2?
150 Is the length of the following word is 3?
151 Is the length of the following word is 4?
152 Is the length of the following word is 5?
153 Is the length of the following word is 6?
154 Is the length of the following word less than 2?
155 Is the length of the following word less than 3?
156 Is the length of the following word less than 4?
157 Is the length of the following word less than 5?
158 Is the length of the following word less than 6?
159 Is the initial of the following syllable a null one or in { m, n, l, r}?
160 Is the initial of the following syllable a null one or in { b, d, g}?
161 Is the initial of the following syllable a null one or in { f, s, sh, h}?
163 Is the initial of the following syllable a null one or in { p, t, k}?
164 Is the initial of the following syllable a null one or in { z, zh, j}?