第六章 結論與未來工作
6.2 未來工作
我們所設計實作的IEEE 802.11 無線網路下的無縫換手機制,目前僅在沒有加強安 全協定及沒有服務品質保證的環境下進行評估。在使用加強安全協定與具服務品質保證 的IEEE 802.11 無線網路下,STA 在換手過程需要額外執行初始驗證金鑰 PMK 與 QoS 資源部署的動作,這些動作都會進一步造成額外的換手延遲。
IEEE基於有快速換手需求的應用服務,提出的IEEE 802.11r基地台快速換手程序標 準[6] 中所提供的Pre-Reservation Mechanism,可以減少換手程序commit operations 所需的messages exchange到最理想的情況下,僅需兩個messages exchange,然而這個 快速換手程序,需要STA在執行commit operations前透過DS執行相關的預備部署動 作,才有辦法達成。
我們所設計實作的IEEE 802.11 無線網路下的無縫換手機制的架構,已經具備提供 這些預備動作背後所需要的事件驅動的介面;針對這一部分的議題,我們還可以進一步 進行實際系統運作相關的探索與評估。
參 考 文 獻
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附錄A Fast BSS Transition
IEEE在完成IEEE 802.11i增強安全協定標準[3] 與IEEE 802.11e服務品質保證規格 標準[4] 後,針對需要快速換手需求的應用(如VoIP),草擬製定IEEE 802.11r基地台快 速換手程序標準[6]。會有這樣子的狀況產生,主要的原因是IEEE 802.11i增強安全協定 標準[3] 與IEEE 802.11e服務品質保證規格標準[4] 的制定,是以盡量保留原有架構的模 式,而以類似patch的方式進行標準的修正改良,並且由於彼此針對各自的主題獨立進 行,導致了換手程序中相關的messages exchange沒有最佳化的情況產生。
對IEEE 802.11i增強安全協定標準[3] 而言,原始link layer的安全協定所使用的 messages exchange程序是保留下來不動的,但使用open system沒有認證效果的link layer authentication。而真正進行authentication的部分,則採取接下來新增的 4-Way Handshake,「驗證」經由IEEE 802.1X以User為基礎的認證程序後產生的PMK。對IEEE 802.11e 服 務 品 質 保 證 規 格 標 準 [4] 而 言 , QoS negotiation 過 程 使 用 的 messages exchange,僅需要建構在STA和基地台握有PMK安全金鑰的前提下即可,但由於這些 QoS negotiation使用的messages exchange在現有的標準規格裡,必須由STA和目標基 地台使用management action frame直接傳送,因此STA必須等到連結上目標基地台且 完成PMK佈署才能開始進行negotiation的動作。
就筆者的眼光看來,IEEE 802.11r基地台快速換手程序標準[6] 的內涵乃針對IEEE 802.11i增強安全協定標準[3] 與IEEE 802.11e服務品質保證規格標準[4] 後STA所需進 行的一連串messages exchange,在不失安全層級的前提下,做訊息傳遞最佳化的工作。
主要的設計有四項:
1. 將原先 STA 對每個基地台都至少必須執行一次的 802.1X 認證程序,縮減為 STA 對同一個 Mobility Domain 下的基地台群,只需執行一次 802.1X 認證程 序即可。
2. 擴充link layer authentication/(re-)association messages exchange、新增Fast Transition Action Frames,以及產生新的驗證messages exchange,稱為Fast Transition Authentication Sequences22。
3. 支援 STA 查詢目標基地台的相關資源,以提供換手決策所需的資訊。
4. 支援 STA 在 Commit Phase 之前,預先佈署必要的安全協定及 QoS 需求使用 的context。