已獲得 請附佐證資料,如獲證案
1
2
又是西方思考的作祟。八國聯軍之後,中國方面則因美國之決定將庚子賠款 退回,讓中國子弟得以受教育、出國留學,第一批中國留學生就是這筆錢送 出去的,另外清華大學也是靠這筆錢成立,據說直到今天新竹的清華大學每 年仍有一筆這樣的錢可資運用。清末西方人教會紛紛在中國設有學校,教授 內容就包括英文,但是不論是留學或是受西方教育,都只有富有人家的子弟 有機會,例如宋美齡。清末民初,五四運動就是標榜以西方科學與民主為依 歸,最後引出文革之批孔。台灣割讓給日本,當時雖以日文為國語,史料記 載學校裡也是有英文課程的。38 年後數百萬人民由中國大陸各地方移居來台,
來台後政府以北平話為通用溝通語言,1960 年代實行國民教育,英文納入課 程,使得人人都能有學習英文的機會。二次戰後,百廢待興,美援是重要的 資源,早期留學也獨以美國為目標。之後的歷史發展,影響到今天的台灣社 會面貌。新加坡與香港的發展,也是與殖民有關,新加坡以英語為官方語言,
融合多民族為一國家,其遠見令人佩服。而香港有如永遠張開雙手的母親,
其民眾可以海外工作,但隨時又回到港島,認定自己是港人,對照台灣,感 覺非常特殊。
這些歷史故事,筆者雖在歷史課本讀過,只是長久以來,並未正眼相看,
也從未將它與現在的個人專業之英語教學做連結。隨著國際化文獻之暢旺,
也讓我有機會回頭了解。當有機會這樣地看書、聽當地教授分享他們如何看 待兩岸四地華人社會的時候,感觸特別深刻。
二、研究成果
這次香港移地研究,時間雖短,蒐集了不少華人文史資料,也完成了一篇論 文,並且已經在回國之後投稿出去。此外也進行了下一篇作品,仍在努力中。
三、建議
即便是英語教學專業,我建議也應多多了解歷史,以本土為出發點,放眼深 入了解世界。
四、本次出國若屬國際合作研究,雙方合作性質係屬:(可複選)
□分工收集研究資料
□交換分析實驗或調查結果
□共同執行理論建立模式並驗証
□共同執行歸納與比較分析
□元件或產品分工研發
□其他 (請填寫) _______
五、其他 無。
1 Kalaja, Vera Menezes, Ana Maria F. Barcelos 在 2008 出版 Narratives of Learning and Teaching EFL, 此書雖然評價上比不上 Norton 等學者,但它是比較早期
芬蘭 University of Jyvaskyla
會議名 稱
(中文) 第二屆語言學習之心理學研討會 (英文) Psychology of Language Learning 2 發表題
目
(中文) 分析三個世代英語教育政策下的台灣英語學習者敘事資 料:聚焦於區域化與國際化之互動
(英文) Analyzing three generations of Taiwanese EFL learners’
narratives: How localization and globalization meet?
2
研討會果然看到了這個團隊,也看到他們的新作品,收穫豐富。
本研討會的論文品質很優秀,第一天的 keynote 演講是奧地利年輕學者 Sarah Mercer, 談 Psychology for language learning: Spare a thought for the
teacher,指出學界對老師們心理狀態的關心居然沒有對學習者的心理狀態多,
強調非常有需要急起直追。筆者自己也對教師研究非常感興趣,只是沒想到 教師的心理狀態居然是個研究上的空缺,感到很意外。作者指出值得探討的 內容包括: “the links between teacher and learner psychology as well as the particular challenges facing language teachers during the past decades including increased stress, threats to their sense of self, and record levels of burnout.” 這個 建議我個人非常受用。剛好我的研究所蒐集的教師經驗,可能有機會能讓我 回應這項呼籲。
我自己的發表是在第二天下午,剛好突然大出太陽,到下午與會者幾乎 都不在現場,我的場次出席的人比較少,但是前一位發表人對我的主題很感 興趣,這是一位來自日本的歐美人,我們對過往歷史如何影響此世代的學習 者有很深入的討論,讓我自己對我的論文會吸引甚麼樣的學者也有了一個認 識。
第三天比較吸引我的是 Phil Benson 的專題演講。我對 Benson 是認識的,
他曾參加政大英文系舉辦的文山研討會,他的研究內容也是我所感興趣的焦 點,所以他的演講內容總是很吸引我。這次他談論的主題是 Ways of seeing:
The individual and the social in Applied Linguistics research methodologies. 他 認為我們現在對個人的想法是個人是社會中的一員 (individuality in social context),這是我們從量化走向質化研究的必然結果,也就是說我們採取的研 究方法與我們對學習者看法之改變很有關係,甚至甚麼樣的質性研究方法,
例如 ethnographic versus narrative approaches 也是與我們對學習者的視覺有關 係的。他說的這一點,我個人覺得是無庸置疑的,在研究上如此,教學上亦 然,如果我們把學生當作數字,自然是一種對待方法;把他們當作質性研究
3
的參與者,那就會很不一樣。我個人的研究所課程,真的因為我們採用的研 究派典,而有非常不一樣的思考模式與課室氣氛,感觸很深。
二、與會心得
我個人對這個研討會的所有論文都非常有興趣,覺得很值得參加,下一次是 在 2018 年的八月,希望也能夠前往日本參加。
三、發表論文全文或摘要
The beginning stages of English learning in the sociocultural context of Taiwan, perhaps similar to other EFL countries in Asia that are under the influence of Confucianism, can be complex. Such ’a foreign language in the local context’ learning experiences cannot be just a matter of individual endeavor but also, more importantly, a significant culturally organized practice that aims for globalization. Through a theoretical framework that corroborates the Vygotskian sociocultural perspective and Eastern learning models, this study is interested in how three generations of English learners discuss the early stages of their English learning in their particular sociocultural contexts and how the similarities and differences among their experiences may be related to the persistent as well as changing cultural practice toward English learning in the particular socio and historical cultural context of Taiwan. Fifteen participants who are TESOL scholars/professors, graduate students, and undergraduate English majors were invited to provide oral narratives of their English learning journeys. Through thematic analysis, English learning is found to be an important part of the local culture, which, as discussed by Bakhurst (1991) and Cole (1996), has the characteristics of ”supra-individual” and ”rooted in the historical production of value and significance as realized in shared social practice”(Lantolf &
Thorne, 2006, p. 1). Implications are discussed as an additional issue to the various existing conceptions of learning context in SLA (see Collentine & Freed, 2004): How English, although a foreign language, is actually a culturally organized practice in this Chinese cultural context and an important part of these former and current EFL learners’ life experiences and identities.
Keywords: English learning narratives, glocalization.
四、建議 無
五、攜回資料名稱及內容 Conference Program Book.
六、其他 無。
1
(英文) Fourth International Conference on Languages, Literature &
Society, 2017 發表題
目
(中文) 無
(英文) Where do Globalization and Localization Meet in English Education? Insights from Analyzing Language Education History and Language Learner Narratives
2
之一,也是亞洲成員之一,視野太窄,實在應該好好地把亞洲地區我們鄰居 的文化歷史與語言學習特色培養出深一層的認識。也算是對近日政府提倡南 向的政策,有所回應。
三、發表論文全文或摘要
This study identifies localization and globalization in the history of language education of Taiwan and in individual learners’ narratives with a question for global readers: To what extent learning English or any foreign languages is about having a view for the global? There are two stages to the study. First, historical development of English/foreign language education was traced from the 17th century to the 2000s. It is found that the trajectory of Taiwanese English education is generally consistent with global development as elicited by such scholars as Steger, Robertson, and Mignolo, although there are still unique local features. The second stage of the study thematically analyzed narratives of language educators, graduate students, and English major undergraduates. The participants believe that English has been an important part of their lives and identities. However, their experiences and views toward English language learning are surprisingly consistent and following socially agreed norms. This means that English learning is a part of the local culture of learning, which, as discussed by Bakhurst (1991) and Cole (1996), has the characteristics of ”supra-individual” and ”rooted in the historical production of value and significance as realized in shared social practice”(Lantolf & Thorne, 2006, p. 1).
The conclusion discusses the need to develop a stronger sense of global awareness as it is critical to the success of English/foreign language education.
四、建議
跨領域的研討會不太容易適應,但卻是 stretch 自己視野的好機會。
五、攜回資料名稱及內容 Program book.
六、其他 無。