我們量測了兩個晶體結構相同的三五族半導體材料 GaAs 與 InP 的反射與 穿透頻譜,並推得吸收係數頻譜,並且將吸收係數頻譜與雙聲子聯合能態密度 做比對,列舉了觀察到的與聯合能態密度有關聯性的特徵頻率位置,這些觀察 到的特徵頻率位置都與以往的文獻有許多一致的地方。
針對這些特徵頻率,做附近的能態密度奇異點分析,標註出吸收係數頻 譜特徵主要貢獻的聲子組合以及臨界點位置。
另外我們將奇異點與雙聲子支組合的臨界點分析由對稱點、對稱線以及 第一布里淵區中的單一對稱面拓展到不可約布里淵區 IBZ 所包含的所有對稱點、
軸、面以及內部空間。
在我們的分析結果中,除了有位於對稱性高的對稱點與對稱線上的臨界 點以外,發現了在 IBZ 另外三個對稱面上的其他臨界點。
而 GaAs 與 InP 兩種材料除了吸收係數頻譜的特徵明顯與否不同之外,因 為單位晶格構成原子的質量差距大小不同,有著不同類型的聲子色散關係、能 態密度頻譜,也讓這兩個材料的臨界點在動量空間中有不同的分布,GaAs 的臨 界點主要位於個對稱線與對稱點上,IBZ 的對稱面上分布比較少,InP 則是有較 多來自 IBZ 對稱面上的臨界點分布。
53
參 考 文 獻
1. M. Walther, B. M. Fischer, A. Ortner, A. Bitzer, A. Thoman, and H. Helm,
“Chemical sensing and imaging with pulsed THz radiation”, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., vol.397, pp.1009 , 2010.
2. D. A. Kleinman, “Anharmonic Forces in the GaP Crystal”, Phys. Rev., vol.118, pp.118, 1960.
3. M. Lax and E. Burstein, “Infrared Lattice Absorption in Ionic and Homopolar Crystals”, Phys. Rev., vol.97, pp.39, 1955.
4. P.Y. Yu, M. Cardona , Fundamentals of Semiconductors,4th edition, Springer, New York, 2010.
5. R. K. Willardson, Albert C. Beer, Semiconductors and Semimetals, vol.3, Optical Properties of III-V Compounds, Academic Press Inc., New York, 1972.
6. W. Cochran, “Lattice Absorption in Gallium Arsenide”, J. Appl. Phys., vol.32, No.10, pp.2102, 1961.
7. E. S. Koteles, W. R. Datars, “Two-phonon absorption in InSb, InAs, and GaAs”, Can. J. Phys., vol.54, pp. 1676, 1976.
8. T. Sekine, K. Uchinokura, E. Matsuura, “Two-Phonon Raman Scattering in GaAs”, J.Phys. Chem., vol.38, pp.1091, 1977.
9. J. L. Birman, “Theory of Infrared and Raman Process in Crystals : Selection Rules in Diamond and Zincblende”, Phys. Rev., vol.131, pp. 1489, 1963.
10. J. L. Birman, “Space Group Selection Rules : Diamond and Zinc Blende”, Phys.
Rev.,vol.127, pp.1093, 1962.
11. C. Patel et al., “Phonon Frequencies in GaAs”, Phys. Stat. Sol.(b), vol.122, pp.461, 1984.
12. E. S. Koteles, W. R. Datars, ”Far-infrared phonon absorption in InSb’, Phys. Rev.
B, vol. 9, pp.572, 1974.
13. E. L. Shirley, H.M. Lawler, “Two-phonon infrared spectra of Si and Ge : Calculating and assigning features”, Phys. Rev. B, vol.76, pp.054116, 2007.
14. F. Herman,”Lattice Vibration Spectrum of Germanium”, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, vol.8, pp.405, 1959.
15. K. Kunc,” Dynamique de reseau de composes AB presentant la structures de la blende”, Ann. Phys., vol.8, pp.319,1973.
16. H. M. J. Smith, “The Theory of the Vibrations and the Raman Spectrum of the Diamond Lattice”, P. T. Roy. Soc. Lon. A. Math. And Phys. Sci., vol.241, pp.105, 1948.
54
17. G. Grosso, G. P. Parravicni, Solid State Physics, Academic Press, 2010.
18. E. W. Kellermann, “Theory of the Vibrations of the Sodium Chloride Lattice”, P.
T. Roy. Soc. Lon. A. Math. And Phys. Sci., vol.238, pp.513, 1940.
19. S. Shinde, A. Pandya, P. K. Jha, “Pressure induced phonon stiffening and softening in III-V phosphides”, I. J. P. Appl. Phys., vol.48, pp.543, 2010.
20. C. Patel, W.F. Sherman, G.R. Wilkinson, ”Lattice Dynamics of InP under Hydrostatic Pressures”, Phys. Stat. Sol. (b), vol.114, pp.169, 1982.
21.J. L. T. Waugh, G. Dolling, “Crystal Dynamics of Gallium Arsenide”, Phys. Rev., vol.132, pp.2410, 1963.
22.P. H. Borcherds, G. F. Alfrey, D. H. Saunderson, and A. D. B. Woods, “Phonon dispersion curves in indium phosphide”, J. Phys. C. : Solid State Phys., vol.8, pp.2022, 1975.
23. A. Baldereschi,” Mean-Value Point in the Brillouin Zone”, Phys. Rev. B,vol.7, pp.5212, 1973.
24. D. J. Chadi., M. L. Cohen, ”Special Points in the Brillouin Zone”, Phys. Rev. B, vol.8, pp.5747, 1973.
25. H. J. Monkhorst, J. D. Pack, “Special points for Brillouin-Zone integrations”, Phys. Rev. B, vol.13, pp.5188, 1976.
26. F. J. P. Soler,”Multiple reflections in an approximately parallel plate”, Opt.
Comm., vol.139, pp.165, 1997.
27. E. Bedel et al., “Raman investigation of the InP lattice dynamics”, J. Phys. C : Sol.
Stat. Phys., vol.19, pp.1471, 1986.
28. E. S. Koteles, W. R. Datars, “Two-phonon Absorption in InP and GaP”, Solid State Commun., vol.19, pp.221, 1976.
29. G. F. Alfrey, P. H. Borcherds, “Phonon frequencies from the Raman spectrum of indium phosphide”, J. Phys. C : Solid State Phys., vol.5, pp.275, 1972.
55
56
57
58
59