• 沒有找到結果。

本研究依據整理後的品牌屬性指標為基礎,利用高階驗證性因素 分析,提出品牌屬性指標之結構方程模型。總體而言,本研究之主要發 現及重要結論如下:

1. HCFA 的分析結果與模型假設一致

由 LESREL 統計軟體進行品牌屬性的適合度與驗證性分析結果,

顯示模型的配適度良好,而產品的品牌屬性也能確實分為「內在品牌屬 性」與「外在品牌屬性」,顯示突顯產品特徵的品牌特性可以區分為產品 本身的實際用途與產品的外在特性。另外,外在品牌屬性經由因素分析 後也同樣能區分為價格、使用者形象、使用情境、品牌個性四個指標,與 模型假設一致。

2. 兩種品牌的品牌屬性,模型分析結果皆為顯著

本研究係探討一般產品品牌吸引消費者的特性(品牌屬性),故 針對兩項大眾品牌(Levi’s 與 Nokia)進行分析,希望品牌屬性的研究 結果能產生一致的結論。研究結果顯示兩種產品品牌的「品牌屬性」對

「內在品牌屬性」與「外在品牌屬性」的路徑係數均有正向的關係,而

「外在品牌屬性」對「價格」、「使用者形象」、「使用情境」、「品牌個性」也 均有正向的關係,顯示品牌產品本身的特性與品牌產品以外的其他因 素(價格、使用者形象、使用情境、與品牌個性),皆為消費者購買或消 費產品的考量,符合研究模型的基本假設。

3. 外在品牌屬性各項指標的影響力比較

在路徑分析中,Levi’s 與 Nokia 品牌的「內在品牌屬性」影響力

(γL=1.00;γN =1.00)皆高於「外在品牌屬性」(γL=0.97;γN=0.71),

顯示消費者重視品牌產品的實際功能表現多過於品牌外在層面;而外 在品牌屬性的四個分類中,也都以「品牌個性」的影響力為最高

(βL=0.98;βN=1.00),其次為「使用者形象」(βL=0.91;βN=0.86),

顯示品牌背後所隱含的抽象意念、生活型態、生理心理的渴望、理想的實 現等等,是外在屬性當中影響消費者購買意圖的重要因素。然而「價格」

在 Levi’s 品牌的路徑係數卻相當地小(βL= 0.59),為四個指標當中影 響力最低的一項,推測可能是因為 Levi’s 牛仔褲在台灣的牛仔褲市場 屬於高單價產品,相對於台灣的成衣牛仔褲,Levi’s 牛仔褲可能多少降 低了消費者的購買意願。在 Nokia 手機品牌的路徑係數中,「價格」的路 徑係數(βL= 0.78)卻大於「使用情境」(βL= 0.70),推測可能與 Nokia 品牌的訂價策略有關(價格為中等價位,且產品實惠耐用)。

外在品牌屬性的四個尺度在 Levi’s 與 Nokia 品牌中皆以「品牌個 性」的影響力為最高,其次為「使用者形象」;然而 Li(2004)的結果卻 以品牌個性的影響力為最低,推測可能與問項題數造成的變異有關

(本研究的「品牌個性」有三個問項,Li 的「品牌個性」只有一個問項)。

4. 未來研究建議

現在的品牌分類除了產品品牌之外,也有機構品牌、通路品牌等,

吸引消費者的因素可能與產品品牌屬性不同。本研究僅就產品的品牌屬 性進行探討,建議外來的研究也朝向其他品牌類別的品牌屬性,或探 討不同品牌類別所引發消費者購買意圖的重要特性。

參考文獻

1. Aaker, J. and Fournier, S., (1995), “A brand as a character, a partner and a person: three perspectives on the question of brand personality,”

Advances in Consumer Research, Vol.22, Issue 1, pp.391-396 2. Aaker, D. A., (1996), “Measuring brand equity across products and

markets,” California Management Review, Vol. 38, No 3, Spring, pp.102-120

3. Aaker, J. L., (1997), “Dimensions of brand personality,” Journal of Markerting Research, Vol. 34, No 3, August, pp.411-454

4. Aaker, D. A., (1998),Strategic Market Management, (5 edition), New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

5. Aaker, D. A., Batra, R. and Myers, J.G. (1992), Advertising Management, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

6. Abraham-Murali, L. K., (1995), “Consumers’ conceptualization of apparel attributions,” Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp.65-74

7. Allen, D. E. and Olson, J. (1995), “Conceptualizing and creating brand personality: A narrative theory approach,” Advances in Consumer Research, Vol. 22, pp.392-393

8. Belk,R. W. (1988), “Possessions and the extended self,” Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 15, No. 2, September, pp.139-168

9. Biel, A. (1993), Converting image into equity, Brand Equity and Advertising, Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

10. Blattberg and Wisniewski, 1989

11. Chan, T. Z. and Wildt, A. R. (1994), “Price, product information, and purchase intention: An empirical study,” Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 22, No. 1, pp.16-27

12. Crask, M. R. and Laskey, H. A. (1990),” A positioning-based decision model for selecting advertising messages,” Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 30, No 4, August, pp.32-38

13. Douglas, J. D. and Leonard, J. P. (2000), Marketing Management, (7 edition), New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

14. Forsythe, S. M. (1991), “Effect of private, designer, and national brand means on shoppers’ perception of apparel equality and price,” Clothing

and Textiles Research Journal, Vol. 9, pp.1-6

15. Forsythe, S. M. (1995), “Consumers’ use of brand name, price and physical appearance: Examining retail markers in Mexico,” Journal of

Shopping Center Research, Vol. 6, No. 8, pp.65-72

16. Forsythe, S. M., Kim, J. O., and Petee, T. (1999), “Product cue usage in two Asian markets: A cross-cultural comparison,” Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Vol. 16, No. 2, August, pp.275-295

17. Forsythe, S. M., Presley A. B., and Caton, K. W. (1996), “Dimension of apparel equality influencing consumers’ perception,” Perceptual and Motor Skills, Vol. 83, No. 1, August, pp.299

18. Fournier, S. (1998), “Consumers and their brands: Developing relationship theory in consumer research,” Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 24, No. 4, March, pp.343-373

19. Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & Black, W. C. (1998).

Multivariate Data Analysis (5 edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall

20. Kassarjian, H. (1971), “Personality and consumer behavior: A review,”

Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 8, No. 4, November, pp.409-418 21. Keller, K.L. (1993), “Conceptualizing, Measuring and Managing

Customer-Based Brand Equity,” Journal of Marketing, Vol. 57, No. 1, January, pp.1-22.

22. Keller, K.L. (1998), Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity, (1 edition), Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall.

23. Keller, K.L. (2003), Strategic Brand Management: Building, Measuring, and Managing Brand Equity, (2 edition), Upper Saddle River, NJ, Prentice Hall.

24. Malhotra, N.K., (1988), “Self-concept and product choice: An integrated perspective”. Journal of Economic Psychology, Vol. 9, Issue. 1, pp.1-28 25. Myers, James H. and Shocker, Allan D. (1981), “The nature of product-related attributes,” Research in Marketing, Vol. 5, Jagdish Sheth, ed.

Greenwich: JAI Press, Inc., pp.211-236

26. Nunnally, J. C. (1978) Psychometric Theory, (2 edition), New York: Mc Graw-Hill.

27. Plummer, Joseph T. (1985), “How personality makes a difference,”

Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 24, No. 6, pp.27-31

28. Sirgy, M. J. (1982), “Self-concept in consumer behavior: A critical review,” Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 9, No. 3, pp.287-290 29. Sirgy, M. E and Tashchian, A. (1985), “Selected socioeconomic and

demographic characteristics associated with purchasing involvement,”

Journal of Marketing, Vol. 49, No. 1, pp.72-82

30. Solomon, M. R. (1999), The value of status and the status of value, Consumer Value: A Framework for Analysis and Research, Morris B.

Holbrook, ed. London: Routledge, pp.63-84

31. Straub, D. W. (1989), “Validating Instruments in MIS Research,” MIS Quarterly, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp.147-169

32. Li, Xue, Ph.D. (2004),

How brand knowledge influences consumers' purchase intentions,” Auburn University, 2004, 120 pages; AAT

3124280

33. Zeithaml, V. A. (1988), “Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence,” Journal of

Marketing, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp.2-22

34. Zinkham, G. M. and Hong, J. W. (1991), “Self concept and advertising effectiveness: A conceptual model of congruency, conspicuousness, and response model,” Advances in Consumer Research, Vol., 18, No. 1,

pp.348-354

35. 張紹勳( 2001 ),計量經濟學原理,(初版),台灣商務印書館。

使用情境

相關文件