本研究以全實廠都市污水進行模組試驗,其進流污水基值較低(化學需氧 量介於 108 mg/L~365 mg/L 之間)、水質成分複雜且較不穩定,對厭氧系統確 實是一大難題,而為了更貼近實廠之操作條件,研究採取低溫(25℃)運轉,以 避免必須額外添加外來能源進行加溫,期在不提高操作維護費用(甚至降低)及 減省能源的前提下,提升都市污水之處理效能。
5.1 結論
1.研究模組在 HRT=6 小時且有突增負荷的情形下,TCOD 平均去除率為 74.6%(最 大值 82.8%,最小值為 70.9%),雖低於總平均去除率,也遠低於標準活性污泥法 之 85%~95%(內政部營建署「下水道工程設施標準」),但出流水 TCOD 平均值 為 62 mg/L (最大值 77 mg/L,最小值 49 mg/L),則均符合放流水化學需氧量(COD) 之排放標準(100 mg/L),顯示厭氧固定生物反應系統對突增負荷的穩定度及低水 力停留時間(HRT)的處理能效,在實務的應用上,可匹敵於傳統活性污泥法 (HRT=6~8 小時)及階梯曝氣法(HRT=4~6 小時)。
2.研究模組對脂質之平均去除率 58.03%、單位體積削減率研究模組之平均值為 0.0186 kg/m3/day,出流水脂質含量平均值為 4.3 mg/L(最大值 6 mg/L,最小值 1.5 mg/L),雖仍低於放流水排放標準(油脂,10 mg/L),但相較於醣類及蛋白質之高 去除率,脂質之低去除效率,是造成整體處理效能無法提升的最大障礙。
3.單位微生物質量對 TCOD 之削減率平均值約 0.0048 Kg-COD/Kg-微生物,對醣類 及蛋白質的削減率平均值約為 0.00046 Kg/Kg-微生物,對脂質之平均削減率則僅 有 0.00014 Kg/Kg-微生物,因此,提高單位體積之微生物質量,應可提高有機物 質的削減率,有助於提升系統之整體成效。
5.2 建議
1.模組體積較小,受外部因素影響較大(如進流水添加、HRT 調整、出流水阻塞……
等),建議可洽詢規模較小且生物系統為兩池以上設計之實廠,將其中一池整建為 固定厭氧生物模組進行實廠測試,可更準確、更深入進行研究。
2.本研究缺少對三成分(醣類、蛋白質及脂質)共降解及相互影響之探討,倘能進一 步尋得共降解之機制,應可解決都市污水處理之瓶頸。
3.現今都市污水處理廠均只檢驗生化需氧量(BOD5)及化學需氧量(COD),倘能以適 度頻率加測醣類、蛋白質及脂質含量,將有助於瞭解、甚至調整降解(如共降解) 機制,以提升整體都市污水的處理成效。
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