關鍵詞：空間自相關、一般空間模式、植栽滯塵
5. 結論與建議
5.1 結論
本研究以原臺中市地區為研究對象 ，使用 MODIS 衛星影像與政府開放資料取得相關的資料 變數，加入五種空間單元以空間統計方法以及一 般空間模式個別討論地表溫度與 PM2.5濃度的空間 關係，試圖從中找出冬夏季臺中地區綠地環境、
細懸浮微粒與地表溫度三者的關聯性，並提出適 合用於分析地表溫度與 PM2.5濃度的空間單元。
經全域型空間自相關，不論冬夏季地表溫度 與 PM2.5濃度的五種空間單元皆顯示 Moran's I 數 值都趨近於 1，表示地表溫度與 PM2.5濃度都存有 嚴重的空間問題，且當空間單元越為細緻空間問 題會更明顯，藉由地區型空間自相關分析更清楚 地得到地表溫度與 PM2.5濃度在研究區的空間聚集 位置。
地表溫度的冷熱區分佈冬夏季節差異不明顯，
熱區集中於新舊市政府周邊的人口稠密區，冷區 則是集中在植被大面積覆蓋的北屯大坑山區。當 時間自冬季轉換為夏季時，地表溫度的冷熱區分 佈皆有偏移甚至擴張的現象。原有冬季地表溫度 冷區曾出現的西屯區大都會公園以及南屯區西南 側的望高寮地區已自地圖上轉換為無空間聚集現 象，推測綠地的降溫效果與地表溫度增溫產生抵 銷，使該區域的地表溫度並無出現相對高溫或低 溫的空間聚集區。
表 7 各空間單元冬夏季 PM2.5濃度一般空間模式配適度比較
依變數 空間單元 250 m 500 m 750 m 1000 m 1250 m
冬季 PM2.5
Lambda 0.999 *** 0.964 *** 0.956 *** 0.912 *** 0.710 Rho 0.832 *** 0.968 *** 0.932 *** 0.853 *** 0.713 LIK 4211.996 418.157 -24.445 -80.868 -77.030 AIC -8406 -818.314 66.889 179.735 172.061 Moran's I -0.046 0.105 0.181 0.141 0.088# 夏季
PM2.5
Lambda 0.711 *** 0.918 *** 0.711 *** 0.683 *** 0.413 Rho 0.995 *** 0.921 *** 0.898 *** 0.823 *** 0.771 LIK 5163.551 718.476 148.479 41.530 7.163 AIC -10309.1 -1419.951 -278.957 -65.060 3.675 Moran's I -0.032 0.063 -0.015# 0.036# 0.053#
* p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001
# Moran's I 之 Z 值介於±1.96 之間
表 8 冬夏季 PM2.5濃度 250 m 空間單元一般空間模式分析結果
冬季 夏季
資料筆數 2365 2255
自變數 係數 z 值 係數 z 值
常數 4.086 *** -0.925 0.067 *** 2.613
地表溫度 0.010 * 2.263 0.0005 0.338
NDVI 0.007 * 2.071 -0.0004 -0.376
Solar -0.001 -0.656 -0.003 *** -3.297
建物 -0.002 -1.014 -0.002 * -2.178
工業區 -0.176 *** -5.521 -0.002 * -2.009
Lambda 0.999 *** 0.711 ***
Rho 0.832 *** 0.995 ***
*p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001
冬夏兩季節中 PM2.5濃度的冷熱區分佈存有明 (計畫編號：107-2627-M-035-002- 以及 107-2119-M-035-006-)補助 研究經費、獲得 107 年度台中市政府市政發展研 究論文獎助計畫第四名。
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1Master, Master’s Program of Landscape & Recreation, Feng Chia University, Received Date: Oct. 05, 2018
Feng Chia University Revised Date: Nov. 02, 2018
2Assistant Professor, Department of Urban Planning and Spatial Information, Accepted Date: Nov. 26, 2018 Feng Chia University
3Assistant Professor, Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University
* Corresponding Author, Tel: 886-4-24517250 ext.3355, E-mail: ysshiu@fcu.edu.tw