• 沒有找到結果。

5-1 結論

本研究是根據先前研究 AZ80 鎂合金實驗結果,探討 6061 鋁合金在半 固態溫度下經不同持溫時間時其變形特性及顯微組織之變化,並討論先前 研究推測形狀因子的高低對壓縮結果有較大影響的原因是否合乎推測和 ECAE 試片前段與後段兩者對壓縮結果及顯微組織是否有差異性存在。

而且我們使用新架設的高週波感應加熱設備與日本高溫高速多段壓縮實驗 裝置作相同持溫時間參數實驗並進行比較,從實驗結果可以證明新架設的 高週波感應加熱設備是可行的。

根據實驗結果,可以歸納出以下幾點:

1. 以持溫時間實驗結果可以得知隨著持溫時間增加,平均粒徑會增加,形 狀因子也會越來越好,但晶粒尺寸分散的程度會變差,以鋁合金原素材 及 ECAE 試片前後段作比較,經 ECAE 擠製過之試片無論是在平均粒徑、

形狀因子及晶粒尺寸的分佈都較原素材來的好,所以 ECAE 試片是比原 素材更有利於半固態成形的。

2. 以持溫時間數據與壓縮試驗結果作比對,可以從結果中證實形狀因子的 高低是有影響的。而兩者平均粒徑的大小也有很大的差距,從兩者的壓

82

縮結果也可以比較出差異,原素材的壓縮結果近乎都是呈現碎裂狀的,

因此除了形狀因子外,平均粒徑的大小也是會對固液相分離有較大影響 的因素之一。

3. 壓縮數據結果得知,ECAE 試片的降伏負荷比原素材低,則表示試片在 半固態下變形阻抗比較小,所以 ECAE 試片是較原素材有利於半固態成 形的。而從 ECAE 前後段進行比較,兩者在顯微組織方面並沒有太大的 差異,而且從壓縮試驗結果中可得知,試片不會因為前後段的區別,而 出現先前預測可能造成兩極化的結果產生。

5-2 未來展望

1. 本實驗使用連續式六向等徑轉角反覆擠製機具製作半固態成形用胚料時 有遇到鋁合金溢料嚴重的問題,鋁合金在擠製的過程中容易在衝頭與模 具中的間距留下溢料,導致擠製完成後模具內的通道留下過多的溢料且 不好清理,需花大量的時間在清理模具上,而更嚴重的溢料問題是會將 衝頭卡緊於模具通道內,而導致衝頭無法退出而斷裂在模具內,在未來 可以對模具進行改良,以降低擠製材料溢料的問題。

2. 6061 鋁合金經等徑轉角擠製,Bc-8 道次後,使用過文獻及操作手冊中的 腐蝕液配方進行腐蝕,但還是無法從顯微組織圖裡清楚的看到晶界及晶 粒的情況,其原因還有待探討。

83

3. 壓縮試驗時所使用的雲母片,目的是為了減低摩擦力及隔熱,但摩擦力 仍須改善,在未來可以選用其他材料來替代,改善其摩擦力的條件,讓 壓縮的成果可以變好。

4. 希望在未來要增加實驗組數,並改善試片表面的切削刀痕及表面不平整 的問題,避免掉不必要的誤差,讓實驗有一個更穩定的結果。

84

參考文獻

[1] 邱垂泓,「金屬半固態製技術簡介」,鎂合金產業專欄,158-160 頁,民 國 89 年.

[2] R.Z. Valiev, R.K. Islamgaliev and I.V. Alexandrov, “Bulk nanostructured materials from severe plastic deforemation”, Progress in Materials Science, vol. 45, pp. 103-189, 2000.

[3] D.B. Spencer, R. Mehrabian and M.C. Flemings, “Rheological behavior of Sn-15% Pb in the crystallization range”, Metallurgical Transaction, vol. 3, pp. 1925-1932, 1972.

[4] M. Kiuchi, R. Kopp, “Mushy/Semi-Solid Metal Forming Technology – Present and Future”, 2007.

[5] P.A. Joly and R. Mehrabian, “The Rheology of a Partially Solid Alloy”, Journal of Materials Science, vol. 11, pp. 1393-1418,1976.

[6] M.C. Flemings, “Behavior of metal Alloys in the semisolid state”, Metallurgical Transactions A, vol. 22A, pp. 957-981, 1991.

[7] K.P. Young, C.P. Kyonka, and J.A. Courtois, “Fine grained metal composition”, United States Patent 4415374, 1983.

[8] V.M. Segal, “Materials processing by simple shear”, Materials Science and

85

Engineering A , vol. 197, pp. 157, 1995.

[9] A. Korbel, and M. Richert, “Formation of shear bands during cyclic deformation of aluminum”, Acta Metall., vol. 33, pp. 1971-1978, 1985.

[10] M. Mabuchi, K. Kubota, and K. Higashi, “New recycling process by extrusion for machined chips of AZ91 magnesium and mechanical properties of extruded bar”, Mater. Trans. JIM, vol. 36, pp. 1249, 1995.

[11] R.B. Schwarz, and W.L. Johnson, “Formation of an Amorphous Alloy by Solid-State Reaction of the Pure Polycrystalline Metals”, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 51, pp. 415-418, August 1983.

[12] J.Y. Huang, Y.T. Zhu, and T.C. Lowe, “Microstructures and dislocation configurations in nanostructured Cu processed by repetitive corrugation and straightening”, Acta Mater, vol. 49, pp. 1497-1505, February 2001.

[13] Y. Iwahashi, et al. “The process of grain refinement in equal-channel angular pressing”, Acta Mater, vol. 46, pp. 3317-3331, 1998.

[14] C.W. Su, L. Lu, and M.O. Lai, “3D finite element analysis on strain

uniformity during ECAP process”, ProQuest Science Journals, pp.727, June 2007

[15] Yongzhong Zhang, Kui Zhang, Guojun Liu, Jun Xu, Likai Shi, Daijin Cui, Xuping Wu, and Bo Cui, “The formation of rosette α phase, structure

86

evolution during the regeating and semi-solid casting of AlSi7Mg

alloy”Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 137, pp. 195–200,

2003.

[16] J.C. Gebelin, M. Suery, D. Favier, “Characterisation of the rheological behaviour in the semi-solid state of grain-refined AZ91 magnesium alloys”, Materials Science and Engineering A272, pp. 134, 1999.

[17] Shoujing Luo,Qiang Chen,Zude Zhao, “Effect of processing parameters on the microstructure of ECAE-formed AZ91D magnesium alloy in the

semi-solid state”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 477, pp. 602–607, 2009.

[18] S. Ashouri, M. Nili-Ahmadabadi, M. Moradi, M. Iranpour, “Semi-Solid microstructure evolution during reheating of aluminum A356 alloy

deformed severely by ECAP”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds 466,

pp. 67–72, 2008.

87

[28] M. Furukawa, Y. Iwahashi, Z. Horita, M. Nemoto, and T.G. Langdon, “The shearing characteristics associated with equal-channel angular pressing”, Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 257, pp. 328-332, 1998.

[29] 范元昌,蘇健忠,翁震灼,陳俊沐,「鋁、鎂合金半固態觸變鑄造技術」,工 業材料雜誌,第 186 期,131-138 頁,91 年 6 月.

[30] W.J. KIM, J.K. KIM, T.Y. PARK, S.I. HONG, D.I. KIM, Y.S. KIM, and

88

J.D. LEE, “Enhancement of Strength and Superplasticity in a 6061 Al Alloy Processed by Equal-Channel-Angular-Pressing”,Metallurgical and

Materials Transactions A, vol. 33A, pp. 3155-3164, October 2002.

[31] Y. W. Tham, M. W. Fu, H. H. Hng, Q. X. Pei, and K. B. Lim,

“Microstructure and Properties of Al-6061 Alloy by Equal Channel Angular

Extrusion for 16 Passes”, Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 22:7-8, pp. 819-824, 2007.

[32] 蔡孟珊,「6061 鋁合金經等徑轉角擠形之機械性質」,國立中山大學,

碩士論文,民國 93 年.

[33] Mark Easton, Cameron Davidson, and David ST John, “Effect of Alloy Composition on the Dendrite Arm Spacing of Multicomponent Aluminum Alloys”, Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A, vol. 41A, June 2010.

相關文件