本論文主要是探討傾斜 45 度的加熱面,在介電液 FC-72 中加 入可溶解氣體,對於不同間隙大小的池沸騰性能之影響,以及與加熱 面水平及垂直的結果作比較。加入的可溶解氣體含量分別為 0、
0.0016、0.0029 及 0.0038,間隙大小分別為 3、2、1、0.5 mm以及 開放式(無間隙)。根據實驗的結果可以歸納出下列幾個結論:
一、在相同的間隙下,增加可溶解氣體含量會讓起始沸騰有提早 發生的情形,主要原因為液體中含有氣體會使氣泡容易生成,所以在 低過熱度下就會有沸騰產生,提早進入核沸騰區。而臨界熱通量不論 在任何間隙皆會隨著氣體次冷度的增加而增加。
加入可溶解氣體在各間隙下都會有提升熱傳係數的趨勢,不論在 高低熱通量時都可觀察到,隨著間隙越小,其提升的趨勢越明顯,但 是在較高可溶解氣體含量(Cg = 0.0038)下,熱傳係數隨著間隙減小 已無明顯差異,顯示在高氣體含量時,各間隙的熱傳係數都已經有很 明顯的提升,逐漸不受間隙的影響。如果繼續增加氣體含量,熱傳係 數會趨於一致,但在中高熱通量,受到間隙逐漸減小的影響而使熱傳 係數逐漸降低。
二、在相同的氣體次冷度下,起始沸騰也會隨著間隙的減小而提 早發生,其原因為在較小的間隙下會使局部液體比較容易過熱,到達 沸騰所需的過熱度,因此沸騰會提早發生,但是隨著氣體次冷度的上 升,此種情況會越來越不明顯。在低熱通量(30%CHF以下)時,減小間 隙使沸騰提早發生,熱傳係數也隨之提升。至中高熱通量
(30%CHF~90%CHF)時,隨著間隙的減小,熱傳係數會逐漸降低,原因 為間隙的減小,使得核沸騰區的氣泡合併提早發生,尤其間隙 0.5 mm 時最為明顯,蒸氣薄膜覆蓋在加熱表面使流體無法有效的補充至加熱 面,為熱傳遞降低的主要原因。隨著間隙的減小,氣泡合併提早發生,
臨界熱通量(CHF)也提早發生。
雖然減小間隙可以增加自然對流,但是其影響在低熱通量下較明 顯。因為低熱通量下,熱傳遞從單相熱傳至初始雙相熱傳遞,能夠明 顯的增加自然對流,進而增加熱傳係數;但是進入核沸騰區,小間隙 反而使氣泡容易合併成大塊的氣膜覆蓋在加熱面,反而降低了熱交 換,使壁面溫度升高,所以小間隙不利於高熱通量下的沸騰熱傳。本 實驗發現間隙大小為 3 mm的結果為最佳,在高熱通量時其熱傳係數 與開放加熱面相近,略高於間隙 2 mm,甚至在氣體次冷度為 0 K時 的熱傳係數比開放的更好。而且在氣體次冷度 30K時,其低熱通量的 熱傳係數甚至跟 0.5 mm一樣好。所以本實驗的最佳間隙大小為 3 mm。
三、在不同的加熱面角度(θ = 0°、45°、90° )之下所做出的池 沸騰熱傳實驗結果可以發現,在間隙較大的情況下(S = 3 mm、2 mm) 時,加熱面角度為 45 度為最佳傾斜角度;而在間隙較小的情況下(S
= 1 mm、0.5 mm)時,加熱面角度為 90 度為最佳傾斜角度;而加熱 面角度 0 度時,因為被檔板直接擋住了氣泡的流動方向,導致受到 間隙的負面影響更為明顯。
四、經由經驗公式(3.6)比較實驗預測值與實際值的結果圖 3-29 得知,開放式與間隙 3 mm及間隙 2 mm的預測誤差值略大,約在 ±10%
至 ±20% 左右,隨著間隙減小至 1 mm及 0.5 mm,預測誤差值隨著減 小到 ±10% 以內。
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附錄
不準度分析
本實驗的不準度分析為參考 Kline,S.J.[16] 的方法,其分析方 法如下:假設有一實驗值 R 是經由測量值 x1、x2、x3………xn 所
(A) 總熱通量(q ''total)不準度
q loss side bottom t side t bottom −
− +
(D) 過熱度(ΔTsat)不準度