• 沒有找到結果。

本文提供一個簡單又有效的方法偵測人臉,利用人臉器官的比例在不同 情況下可以自適性的調整閥值,先使用統計不同亮度的膚色範圍的方法找出 膚色的範圍,再用自適性的閥值去分割人臉特徵,最後再用幾何判斷的方法 找出適當的眼睛嘴唇定位出人臉。用我們的方法在有強光的情況用可以找出 不同亮度的膚色再用自適性的閥值去針對不同亮度的眼睛和嘴唇給予不同 的閥值然後用幾何判斷定義出正確的眼睛嘴唇,在手臂以及腳或是類似膚色 的背景中雖然是膚色的區域但是他們不會擁有臉部的特徵,所以系統不會找 出臉部特徵,也可以正確的判定不是人臉,在複雜背景的情況下,因為我們 是使用色彩分析,而不是使用邊緣偵測的方法,所以可以分割出正確的膚色 區域,即使背景有膚色的情況,我們也可以在下面的步驟判斷沒有臉部特 徵,進而判斷為非人臉區域。在速度方面因為我們使用自適性的閥值來尋找 眼睛和嘴唇,在決定閥值的時候會一直跑迴圈造成速度的下降,我們使用自 適性的閥值來偵測人臉FPS 大約是 10~11,假如使用固定閥值來偵測人臉特 徵的FPS 大約 12~13,可以發現我們的速度慢大約兩個 frame,在動態偵測 的條件下還是可以接受每秒處理 10 張畫面的速度,不過在不同亮度的情況 中使用固定閥值會造成無法偵測的情況,相較之下可以發現我們的方法雖然 比較慢但是還在可以接受的範圍內,不過對於不同情況的偵測效果卻比使用 固定閥值的方法高出許多。

在我們實驗測試結束後,我們歸納及分析了我們的方法。發現了此演 算法之優點及缺點,以下將一一加以列舉。

優點:

1. 方法簡單易於實作,且所耗成本低。

2. 能抓取出人臉特徵之位置,這裡所指的是眼睛及嘴巴。

3. 即使嘴巴形狀特別亦可偵測出來,如張大嘴巴或歪嘴等。

4. 可用於複雜的背景情況之中。

5. 可用於不同的光線情況之中。

6. 可以偵測戴眼鏡的人臉。

5. 可用於單人或多人偵測上。

缺點:

1. 當眼鏡鏡片受強光反射,將造成偵測錯誤。亦或是配戴過粗之暗色系鏡 框,也將造成偵測錯誤,因為在膚色判斷上,將會把人臉從眼睛地方切 為兩半。

2. 被測者頭部擺動過大,將造成偵測錯誤。

我們的方法在多人的情況下,也有良好的偵測率。未來可以繼續再做人 臉識別的部分,不過我們的方法是依據人臉特徵來定位人臉,所以在某些狀 況下我們無法做有效得偵測例如:戴有色鏡片的眼鏡或是墨鏡以及戴口罩的 人,所以未來我們必須針對這個部分在做進一步的探討。

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其他參考資料

Rafael C. Gonzalez,Richard E. Woods “Digital Image Processing ”台灣培生教 育出版股份有限公司,2003

COULEUR.ORG,http://www.couleur.org/。

人體計測資料庫,http://www.iosh.gov.tw/ergo.htm。

文獻[26]的執行檔,http://www.iis.fhg.de/bv/biometrie/download/index.html。

文獻[27]的執行檔,http://www.geocities.com/fritzfra2001/。

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