5.1 結論
本論文提出了一種新的可視浮水印嵌入演算法，透過CSF(contrast sensitive function) 以及NVF(Noise Visibility Function) 應用了 HVS(Human Visual System)的特性來嵌入浮
水印，我們也在演算法中加入一項參數來調整浮水印嵌入的強度而保有原來應用 HVS
的特性。在浮水印的效果方面，本論文的方法更加強化原始影像高頻區的浮水印嵌入強 度，透過視覺影像品質指標VSNR 與 VIF 的驗證，我們的方法也擁有更佳的影像品質。
抵抗可視浮水印攻擊方面，在JPEG2000 與 Median Filter 的影像處理上，雖然沒能擁有 更佳的強健性，但是也能夠與其它方法擁有相當的強健性。在ICA 攻擊上，本論文的方 法提供的浮水印影像則是保留了更多浮水印邊緣的細節，對於分辨浮水印也有不錯的效 果。整體而言，我們認為本論文提供的方法可以有效的保護影像智慧財產權。
5.2 未來展望
在本論文中，我們只針對原始影像進行CSF、DWT Threshold 以及 NVF 的處理，
因此在未來的發展上我們認為可以再進一步探討浮水印影像本身的特性，透過不同的浮 水印特性的分析達到更佳的浮水印嵌入效果。
此外，我們發現可視浮水印由於包含了人類視覺感官的感知與浮水印強度的個人主 觀喜好，因此如何客觀評斷浮水印嵌入演算法的好壞也是一項值得探討的方向。因此在 未來的發展上可以進一步探討可視浮水印的評價方式。
參考文獻
[1] World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), http://www.wipo.int/.
[2] I. J. Cox, et al., “Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia”, IEEE Trans. on Image Proc., vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 1673-1687, Dec. 1997.
[3] S.-J. Lee and S.-H. Jung, “A Survey of watermarking techniques”, IEEE Int’l Symposium on. Industrial Electronics, IEEE Press, pp.272-277, 2001.
[4] G.W. Braudaway, K.A. Magerlein , and F.C. Mintzer, “Protecting publicly-available images with a visible image watermark”, Proc. Conf. Optical Security and Counterfeit Deterrence Techniques, SPIE, pp. 126-132, 1996.
[5] C. S. Lu and H.Y. M. Liao, “Multipurpose watermarking for image authentication and protection”, IEEE Trans. on Image Proc., vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 1579-1592, Oct. 2001.
[6] Queluz, M.P,” Authentication of digital images and video: Generic models and a new contribution”, Signal Process.: Image Comm. 16 (5), 461–475, 2001.
[7] Chang C.C, Hu Y.S., Lu T.C., “A Watermarking-Based Image Ownership and Tampering Authentication Scheme”, Elsevier, Pattern Recognition Letter, 2005.
[8] C. Fei, D. Kundur and R. Kwong, “Analysis and Design of Secure Watermark-based Authentication Systems”, IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, vol.
1, pp.43-55, March 2006.
[12] P.-M. Chen, “A visible watermarking mechanism using a statistic approach,” in Proc.
5th Int. Conf. Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp. 910–913, 2000.
[13] M.S. Kankanhalli, R. Lil, and R. Ramakrishnan, “Adaptive Visible Watermarking of Images”, Proc. IEEE Int’l Conf. Multimedia Computing and Systems, IEEE CS Press, pp.
68-73, 1999.
[14] S.P. Mohanty, M.S. Kankanhalli, R. Ramakrishnan, “A DCT domain visible watermarking technique for image”, in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf Multimedia and Expo., vol.
20,pp. 1029-1032, Jul./Aug. 2000.
[15] Y. Hu and S.Kwong, “Wavelet domain adaptive visiblewatermarking,” Electron. Lett., vol. 37, no. 20, pp. 1219–1220, Sep. 2001.
[16] Y. Hu and S. Kwong, “An Image Fusion-Based Visible Watermarking Algorithm”, Proc.
2003 Int’l Symp. Circuits and Systems, IEEE Press, pp. 25-28, 2003.
[17] L. Yong et al., “Translucent Digital Watermark Based on Wavelets and Error-Correct Code”, Chinese J. of Computers, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 1533-1539, Nov. 2004.
[18] A.P. Beegan, L.R. Iyer, and A.E. Bell, “Design and Evaluation of Perceptual Masks for Wavelet Image Compression”, Proc. 10th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop, IEEE CS Press, pp. 88-93, 2002.
[19] D. Levick ´y and P. Foriˇs, “Human Visual System Models in Digital Image Watermarking,” RADIOENGINEERING, vol.13, no. 4, pp. 38-43, 2004.
[20] A.B. Watson, G.Y. Yang, J.A. Solomon, J. Villasenor, ＂ Visibility of wavelet quantization noise＂, Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on, vol.6, no.8, pp. 1164-1175, 1997.
[21] Walton, S., “Information Authentication for a Slippery New Age”, Dr. Dobbs J. 20 (4), pp. 18–26, 1995.
[22] Schyndel, R.G., Tirkel, A.Z., Osbome, C.F., “A Digital Watermark”, Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Austin, Texas, vol. 2, pp. 86–90,
1994.
[23] Wolfgang, R.B., Delp, E.J., “A Watermark for Digital Images”, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Lausanne, Switzerland, vol. 3, pp.
219–222, 1996.
[24] M.Hamad Hassan, and S.A.M Gilani, “A Semi-Fragile Signature based Scheme for Ownership Identification and Color Image”, TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING, COMPUTING AND TECHNOLOGY VOLUME 13 MAY 2006.
[25] Ö. Ekici, B. Sankur, B. Coşkun, U. Nazi and M. Akcay, “Comparative evaluation of semifragile watermarking algorithms”, Journal of Electronic Imaging, vol. 13 (1), pp.
209- 216, 2004.
[26] D.Kundur and D. Hatzinakos, “Digital watermarking for telltale tamper proofing and authentication,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 1167–1180, July. 1999.
[27] H.P. Alexandre, K.W. Rabab, “Wavelet-based digital watermarking for image＂, IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. I, pp. 879-884, 2002.
[28] J.Q. Hu, J.W. Huang, D.R. Huang, and Y.Q. Shi, “Image fragile watermarking based on fusion of multi-resolution tamper detection,” Electron. Letter, vol.38, no.24, pp.1512–1523, 2002.
[29] Z.M. Lu, C.H. Liu, D.G. Xu, and S.H. Sun, “Semi-fragile image watermarking method based on index constrained vector quantization,” Electron. Lett., vol.39, no.1, pp.35–36,
[32] Yiping Chu, Yin Zhang, Sanyuan Zhang, Xiuzi Ye, "Region of Interest Fragile Watermarking for Image Authentication," First International Multi-Symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences-imsccs, pp. 726-731, Vol. 1 ,November 2006.
[33] J. L. Mannos and D. J. Sakrison, “The effects of a visual fidelity criterion on the encoding of images”, IEEE Trans. on Info. Theory, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 525-536, Jul. 1974.
[34] S. Voloshynovskiy, et al., “A stochastic approach to content adaptive digital image watermarking”, in Proc. 3rd Int. Workshop Information Hiding, Dresden, Germany, pp.
211-236, Sep. 1999.
[35] G. Voyatzis and I. pitas, “Application of Toral Automorphisms in Image Watermarking ”, IEEE Int. Conf. on Image Processing, Vol. 2,pp 237-240, September 1996.
[36] USC SIPI–The USC-SIPI Image Database
[Online]:http://sipi.usc.edu/services/database/Database.html [37] AiS Watermark Pictures Protector:http://www.watermarker.com
[38] JPEG 2000 compression,[Online]:http://www.ece.uvic.ca/mdadams/hasper/~
[39] StirMark,[Online]:http://www.petitcolas.net/fabien/software/StirMarkBench mark_4_0_129.zip
[40] M. Bertalmio, V. Caselles, and C. Ballester, “Image inpainting”, presented at the SIGGRAPH 2000, Aug. 2000.
[41] C.-H. Huang and J.-L. Wu, “Attacking visible watermarking”, IEEE Trans. Multimedia, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 16-30, Feb. 2004.
[42] S. C. Pei and Y. C. Zeng, “A Novel Image Recovery Algorithm for Visible Watermarked Image”, IEEE Trans on Information Forensics and Security, Vol. 1, Issue:4, pp. 543-550, December 2006.
[43] [Online]:http://www.dlib.org/dlib/december97/ibm/12lotspiech.html [44] [Online]:http://www.biblepicturegallery.com/
[45] Damon M. Chandler, Member, IEEE, and Sheila S. Hemami “VSNR: A Wavelet-Based
Visual Signal-to-NoiseRatio for Natural Images”, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOL. 16, NO. 9, SEPTEMBER 2007.
[46] H. R. Sheikh and A. C. Bovik, “Image information and visual quality,” IEEE Trans.
Image Process., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 430–444, Feb. 2006.
[47] Chih-Wen Lin “Wavelet Based Multipurpose Color Image Watermarking by Using Dual Watermarks with Human Vision System Models” National Chiao Tung University In Information Management June 2007.
[48] Z. Wang, A. C. Bovik, H. R. Sheikh, and E. P. Simoncelli, “Image quality assessment:
From error measurement to structural similarity,” IEEE Trans. Image Processing, vol. 13, no. 4, Apr. 2004.
[49] H. R. Sheikh, A. C. Bovik, and G. de Veciana, “An information fidelity criterion for image quality assessment using natural scene statistics,” IEEE Trans. Image Process., vol.
14, no. 12, pp. 2117–2128,Dec. 2005.
[50] N. Damera-Venkata, T. D. Kite, W. S. Geisler, B. L. Evans, and A. C. Bovik, “Image Quality Assessment Based on a Degradation Model”, IEEE Trans. on Image Processing, vol 9, No 4, April 2000.
[51] Y. Wang : Survey of Objective Video Quality Measurements. Techni-cal report, EMC Corporation Hopkinton, 2006
[52] H. R. Sheikh and A. C. Bovik, “A visual information fidelity approach to video quality