吾人發現醇類反應物分子與沸石孔洞口徑接近時，醚類化合物副產物生成反 應受到抑制，因而最具有醯胺產物選擇率，而不論是二級醇或三級醇，在ZSM-5 矽/鋁比值為 50 時，醯胺的選擇率和產率都為最佳值。
利用未處理的 Z50 進行催化反應，反應物為三級醇，產率約 30%，Z50 鹼處 理30 分鐘後，反應結果產率增加 5%左右，而相同條件下，鹼液換成 CsOH 後，
產率提升約20%，利用強度較強的鹼處理，對於反應的提升有較大的促進效益。
當觸媒使用酸性較弱的矽鋁磷分子篩，隨著孔洞大小的不同，N-alkylacryl -amide 對於孔洞較大的 SAPO 分子篩有較高的選擇性，但產物的分布還是趨向於 醚類，證明當觸媒酸性較弱時，轉化率較低且有利於醚類的生成。
另一方面，比較孔洞大小是否會造成醚類的產生，經由矽沉積後，TEOS 不 能進入ZSM-5 的孔道內，只能沉積在洞口，造成孔道出入口縮小，不利於產物 大分子進出，由三級醇反應結果知，N-alkylacrylamide 隨著沉積的程度增加，選
擇率下降，且經沉積2 次後，產物幾乎都為醚類，相較於二級醇，由於分子較小，
選擇率的改變就不如三級醇來的大；在孔洞較大的H-beta，經由矽沉積後，孔道 仍然能讓N-alkylacrylamide 進出，而 H-beta 的孔洞在未沉積前對於二級醇來說，
是相對較大，在沉積後，孔洞縮小，對於二級醇的產物(sec-butylacrylamide)有孔 洞選擇性的效應，所以產物選擇率上升，相較於三級醇(tert-butylacrylamide)，選 擇性則略為下降，證明孔洞選擇性在此反應中會造成影響。
當觸媒表面形成焦炭時，活性點減少被覆蓋，對於醚類的生成有利。
第六章 參考文獻
1. 巫進福， “ZSM-5在烷基苯不均化反應中之結焦與再生現象研究”， 國立清 華大學博士論文, 1998.
2. 吳榮宗， “工業觸媒概論＂， 國興出版社, 1989.
3. B. M. Lok, C. A. Messina, R. L. Patton, R. T. Gajek, T. R. Cannan, E. M.
Flanigen, “Improvement in filtering-cocks”, U. S. Patent 4440, 1984.
4. S. Top, G. J. Jaouen, “ N-Alkylation of nitriles using chromium tricarbonyl complexes of benzyl alcohol and its derivatives: new perspectives for the Ritter reaction”, Org. Chem, 46, 78, 1981.
5. T. Sasaki, S. Eguchi, T. Toru, K. Bull, “Synthesis of Adamantane Derivatives. IX.
The Ritter Reaction of 1-Hydroxymethyladamantane with Acetonitrile”, Chem.
Soc. Japan, 43, 1820, 1970.
6. Y. Mikhail, Lebedev, B. Mark Erman, “Lower primary alkanols and their esters in a Ritter-type reaction with nitriles. An efficient method for obtaining
N-primary-alkyl amides”, Tetrahedron Letters, 43, 1397, 2002.
7. M. Madhava Reddy, Manoj Mukhopadhyay, G. C. Maikap, Javed Iqbal,
“Cobalt(I1)-Catalyzed Conversion of Allylic Alcohols/Acetates to Allylic Amides in the Presence of Nitriles”,J. Org. Chem, 60, 2670, 1996.
8. M. Harmer, W. E. Farneth, Q, “Sun, High Surface Area NafionR Resin/Silica
characterization of variously treated Nafion-H supported on silica and Nafion-H silica nanocomposite catalysts by infrared microscopy”, Appl. Catal, 174, 147, 1998.
11. Kazuo Okuyama, Xin Chen, Katsumi Takata, Daisuke Odawara, Tetsuo Suzuki,Shin-ichi Nakata,Toshio Okuhara, “Water-tolerant catalysis of a silica composite of a sulfonic acid resin Aciplex”, Applied Catalysis A: General 190, 253, 2000.
12. Vivek Polshettiwar, Rajender S. Varma, “Nafion-catalyzed microwave-assisted Ritter reaction:an atom-economic solvent-free synthesis of amides”, Tetrahedron Letters, 2008.
13. G. A. Olah, P. S. Trivedi, N. J. Singh, B. P. Surya Prakash, G. K. Mater,
“Nafion-HR catalyzed baeyer-villiger oxidation and ritter reaction”, Chem. Phys, 17, 21, 1987.
14. F. Tamaddon, M. Khoobi, E. Keshavarz, “(P2O5/SiO2): a useful heterogeneous alternative for the Ritter reaction”, Tetrahedron Lett, 48, 3643, 2007.
15. Hideho Matsuda, Toshio Okuhara, “Catalytic synthesis of N-alkylacrylamide from acrylonitrile and 1-adamantanol with a novel solid heteropoly compound”, Catalysis Letters, 56, 241, 1998.
16. Xin Chen, Toshio Okuhara, “A Ritter-Type Reaction over H–ZSM-5: Synthesis of N-Isopropylacrylamide from Acrylonitrile and Isopropyl Alcohol”, Journal of Catalysis, 207, 194, 2002.
17. H. W. Coover, H. Newton, N. H. Shearer, “Continuous Method of Making N-Substituted Amides”, U. S. Patent 2719176, Sept, 1955.
18. B. C. Gates, “Catalytic Chemistry”, Wiley, New York, 1992.
19. M. V. Luzgin, A. Stepanov, “The Ritter reaction in zeolite H-ZSM-5. NMR
between ButOH and MeCN Mendeleev Commun”, 6, 238, 1996.
20. Toshio Okuhara, Xin Chen, “Ritter-type reactions catalyzed by high-silica MFI zeolites”, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, 48, 293, 2001.
21. H. Eshghi, M. Rafei, Z. Gordi, M. Bohloli, “Improvement of selectivity in the Fries rearrangement and direct acylation reactions by means of P2O5/SiO2 under microwave irradiation in solvent-free media”, J. Chem. Res, 12, 763, 2003.
22. A. G. Stepanov, K. I. Zamaraev, J. M. Thomas,“13C CP/MAS and2H NMR study of tert-butyl alcohol dehydration on H-ZSM-5 zeolite. Evidence for the formation of tert-butyl cation and tert-butyl silyl ether intermediates”, Catal. Lett, 13, 407, 1992.
23. 陳前鈞，汪長春，周淑蘭，張 波，鄭繩安， “ZSM-5分子篩的酸鹼性質和其 催化性能”， 催化學報第11卷第二期, 1990.
24. Emmanuel Callens, Andrew J. Burton, Anthony G. M. Barretta,“Synthesis of amides using the Ritter reaction with bismuthtriflate catalysis”,Tetrahedron Letters, 47, 8699, 2006.
25. 吳璵之， “孔洞性觸媒材料之酸性鑑定與應用＂， 中國文化大學碩士論文, 2002.
26. J. C. Groen , J. A. Moulijn, J. Perez-Ramirez, “Decoupling Mesoporosity Formation and Acidity Modification in ZSM-5 Zeolites by Sequential
Desilication–dealumination”, Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 87, 153, 2005.
27. J. C. Groen, J. C. Jansen, J. A. Moulijn, J. Perez-Ramirez, “Optimal
Aluminum-Assisted Mesoporosity Development in MFI Zeolites by Desilication”,
Introduction of Intracrystalline Mesoporosity in Zeolites upon Desilication in Alkaline Medium”, Microporous Mesoporous Mater, 69, 29, 2004.
30. M. Niwa, H. Ith, S. Kato, T. Hattori, Y. Murakami, “Modification of H-mordenite by a vapour-phase deposition method”, J. Chem. Soc. Chem Common, 15, 819, 1982.
31. C. V. Hidalgo, M. Kato, T. Hattori, M. Niwa, Y. Murakami, “Modification of mordenite by chemical vapour deposition of metal chloride”, Zeolites, 4, 175, 1984.
32. M. Niwa, S. Kato, T. Hattori, T. Murakami, “Fine control of the pore-opening size of the zeolite mordenite by chemical vapour deposition of silicon alkoxide”, J.
Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans 1, 80, 3135, 1984.
33. M. Niwa, Y. Kawashima, Murakami, “A shape-selective platinum-loaded mordenite catalyst for the hydrocracking of paraffins by the chemical vapour deposition of silicon alkoxide”, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans 1, 81, 2757, 1985.
34. Y. Murakami, A. Iijima, J. W. Ward, Proceeding of the 7th International Zeolite Conference, 1, 1986.
35. 趙倍賢， “微/介孔複合孔洞材料之合成、鑑定與應用之研究”， 國立高雄大 學碩士論文, 2008.
36. Bruno Anxionnat, Amandine Guérinot, Sébastien Reymond, Janine Cossy,
“FeCl3-catalyzed Ritter reaction. Synthesis of amides”,Tetrahedron Letters, 50, 3470, 2009.
37. 陳美惠， “以改良型ZSM-5觸媒合成對二烷基苯” ， 清華大學化工所說是論 文, 1987.
38. 魏昌淇， “具有高對位烷基苯選擇性ZSM-5觸媒的修飾” ， 清華大學化工所 碩士論文, 1995.
Hei-Tin Sei, Tseng-Chang Tsai, “Precoking selectivation for improving benzene product purity in heavy aromatics transalkylation”, Applied Catalysis A: General, 335, 15, 2008.
40. 毛博，劉民，李鹏，劉陽，郭新闻， “微米TS-1的水熱改性及其丁酮氨氧化 性能”， 石油學報第24卷第1期, 2008.
41. R. V. A. Orru, “An atom efficient and solvent-free synthesis of structurally diverse amides using microwaves”, Tetrahedron Lett, 46, 3751, 2005.
42. S. T. Wilson, B. M. Lok, E. M. Flanigen, “Crystalline metallophosphate compositions”, U. S. Patent 4310440, Dec, 1982.
43. J. J. Ritter, P. Paul Minieri, “Amides from Alkenes and Mononitriles”, J. Am.
Chem. Soc, 70, 4045, 1948.