(英文)1st Hong Kong -Taiwan workshop on Water Systems in High-rise Buildings, HKSAR, 25 June 2007
發表 論文 題目
(中文)攜帶式管內壓力量測試驗方法與實驗驗證之研究
(英文) Testing method and verification of a Portable measurement for vertical stack 附件一
各國頂尖的雨排水學者都畢生投入相關的研究，因為他們知道如何維持人類的 健康才是長久之道。本團隊將陸續進行實際案例之操作與驗證，以建立起台灣 建築排水通氣系統對於防治病媒傳播之風險評估，以確保國人建築環境之健康 安全之防線。
二、考察參觀活動(無是項活動者省略)
本次考察項目主要為促進香港與台灣間國際合作之開端，其考察對象為香 港兩棟高層建築，分別為 SARS 爆發嚴重垂直感染之淘大花園社區，以及高層 複合商業集合住宅，透過垂直衛生管路系統比較與實際衛生管路現場量測，以 作為學術交流之機會。由台灣攜帶移動式量測設備進行香港高層建築之現場量 測，並與香港所測得之數據進行回國後續比對，並陸續完成相關實驗研究。
三、建議
因為 SARS 對於台灣的衝擊，並不會比香港和大陸有所差異。係關係到整 體居住環境品質問題，很多事件的發生後才會促使我們進而重視該方面的重要 性，而建築物排水通氣系統則是因 SARS 事件突顯出來。而目前的研究中亦顯 示出相當的問題，但由於科技研究往往會受到經費和潮流所影響，而導致延長 研究成果與品質。如何透過國家資源的分配和持續對這方面研究的支持，使人 類邁向更好的居住環境，我們尚須更多的努力才是。
對於積極發表的研究與國際間之學術研究合作可獲得更多的支持，讓國際間相 同研究領域的學者檢視研究成果，不管對於學生與研究員皆屬正面意義，冀望 教育部在有限資源下提供對於建築學術上這方面的更多補助。
四、攜回資料名稱及內容
攜回1st Hong Kong -Taiwan workshop on Water Systems in High-rise Buildings會議手冊與發表全文乙本，光碟一份。
五、其他
本次發表論文全文，如附件二。
Testing method and verification of a Portable measurement for vertical stack
(1) K.C. He, Mr. (2) C.L. Cheng, Dr. (3) C.J. Yen, Ms.
(1) [email protected] (2) [email protected] (3) [email protected]
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Department of Architecture, 43 Keelung Road Sec.4, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Abstract
The major function of the building drainage system is to ensure proper operation and to keep a clean and health interior space for human’s life. Therefore, there usually exists an interior health problem from seal water losing trap in general building in Taiwan. The trap with simple structure is also preferred to set as a critical part for most of sanitary facilities because of its easy elimination of stench and vermin. This paper firstly arranged the history and development of drainage technology, and studied the theory and methodology of the performance experiment.
This research will investigate the case of existing buildings drainage system in Taiwan from our previous researches. The main purpose of the research is to find the drainage issues in building through the observation and basic study of stack fluid mechanism. And create an indestructible testing method to compare the theory of air pressure distribution in stack of building. Than verify the performance of building drainage system. The results of this research would contribute to the domestic building technology and improve the design of drainage system in building. And that would promote the building quality and better living in Taiwan.
Keywords：building drainage system、trap、a indestructible testing、air pressure transient
附件二
Introduction
The performance of drainage system was concerned with our life and healthy. In pervious study, the steady flow would affect the air pressure in stack system. But the influence of lower volume closet could not predict efficiently. In this study, we would set an indestructible testing mechanism and processes of drainage System, so that clarify the fluctuation of air pressure in stack system. And it would be compared and analyzed with primary prediction.
Fig 1-research flow path
2. Reviews and schematic structure of drainage system
It was reported that there were various forms of drainage system in previous research.
But in the experimental tower of NTUST, we only could operate with general building in practice , it only could be the forecast prototypes. The reference pointed out that it could be quantities the threshold limit value of air pressure in stack system by the Steady flow experiment. However, the origins of discharge load in practical cases were due mostly to normal closet and lower volume closet in the drainage system. It could not be identified the threshold limit value and just be predicted preliminary. In practical situation, we could not break or bore the construction for the reason of measure .This study would set an indestructible testing facility and procedure, and be referred in the further research.
P1 P2 P3 P4 Fig 2-measure in possible location
Fig 3- steady flow and lower volume closet（6L）drainage experiment
Table 1-experimental patterns
Form Pattern .1 Pattern .2 Pattern .3 Pattern .4 Pattern .5 Floor
height
SP DP SP DP SP DP SP DP SP DP
12 floor ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
11 floor No.3 ○ ○ ○ ○
10 floor No.2 No.2 ○ ○ ○
9 floor - No.3 No.3 ○ ○
8 floor - - No.2 No.2 ○
7 floor - - - No.3 No.3
6 floor - - - - No.2
2~5 floor
- - -
1 floor No.1 No.1 No.1 No.1 No.1
○：drainage floor No：measure instrument number SP：single pipe system DP：Double pipe system
3. Analysis of crucial components
The indestructible testing facility included pressure sensor, data receiver and amplifier, data logger, power supply equipment and pressure hose. The testing procedure would include two parts, one was for the operating on the experimental tower, and the other was on normal sampling cases. In the procedure of experimental tower and site testing, it would include three parts, examination on air tightness of the instrument, Correct the data of the instrument, and others preparing.
/
A/c
Pressure sensor
data receiver and ampilier data logger
A/c
pressure hose
Air pressure experiment Instrument
Turn the screws Instrument
Fig 4-experimental device
Instrument
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
1 11 21 31 41 51 61
Time (10S) Air Pressure (PA)
No.1 No.2 No.3
Fig 5-pressure sensor –air tightness experiment
Fig 6-site measurement
The experimental procedure for an Indestructible and portable testing of building drainage system
Instrument AdjustmentPreparation before experimentExperimental operation
Site messurement Experiment tower
Examine device before experiment
Power supply of circuit
Turn on the machine
Zero correction
Install the battery. memory card and sensor
Set up the Pressure Indicator
Over
Read out the data log Combine the device and cable
Inserted the pipe Into the closet and over Its trap
Turn on the machine
Water discharge from different type of experiment
Long-time measurement Zero correction
Recording
Test on water discharge
The water supply system
Test on water discharge The vent valve and toilet trap Discharge type of piping system
Ensure step by step Clean up the toilet before
experiment
Ensure the water supply system
Fig 7-experimental procedure for an Indestructible and portable testing of building drainage system
Fig 8- time control of experimental water discharge
4. Assessment and verification
After the measure of sanitary toilets in the experimental tower (NTUST), the result shows that air pressure fluctuation of double-pipe system was lower than Single-pipe system. It would correspond with previous result. The biggest negative pressure occurred at the floor under drainage discharge; it also correlated with previous prediction.
To identify the design of single /double pipe system, the measure was under taken by the NTUST tower. The result shows that due to lower volume water flushing (6 liter), the trap would be failure by air pressure of the bottom, when the rush hour of drainage system.
5.Conclusion
In this study, the mechanism and procedure of pressure testing on building drainage system were indestructible, and didn’t affect the routine operating of existing drainage system. For identifying the risk of failure on traps, it would be applied in existing experimental tower and practical cases in the future.
The simulation of building drainage system was setting in the rush hour of users. The result shows that lower volume closets were tending to occurring trap failure in the rush hour of users, increasing the risk of infection, and influence our life.
The research group would set indestructible testing device and procedure with long-term observation on practical cases in future. It would be compared with the data of experimental tower, and referred in the further research.
Air Pressure Distribution
Fig 9- positive pressure comparison between steady flow and sanitary toilets on single-pipe system
Fig 10- positive pressure comparison between steady flow and sanitary toilets on double-pipe system
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Fig 11-negative pressure comparison on pattern 1-5 on single-pipe
Fig 13-negative pressure comparison between single-pipe system and double-pipe system（pattern-1,1f）
Fig 12- negative pressure comparison on pattern 1-5 on double-pipe
Fig 14-negative pressure comparison between single-pipe system and double-pipe system（pattern-1,1f）
Fig 15-comparison between experiment method and air pressure in stack
REFERENCE
1）J.A.Swaffield and D.P.Campbell; Numerical modelling of air pressure transient propagation in building drainage system, including the influence of mechanical boundary condition. Building Envir. 27, (1992)
2) L.B.Jack and J.A.Swaffield, Developments in the simulation of the air pressure transient regime within single stack building drainage system, CIB-W62 Symposium, 1999.9.
(Edinburgh, Scotland)
3) Cheng-Li Cheng, Wen-Hung Lu, Yen-Chun Chou, 2001, The first experimental device of building drainage system and primary research in Taiwan, International Symposium of Plumbing System in Asia, Taipei, Taiwan, pp 93-116
4) Cheng, C. L., Lu, W. H., Shen, M.D., An Empirical Approach: Prediction Method of Air Pressure Distribution on Building Vertical Drainage Stack, Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers, Vol 28.
5) Cheng, C. L., Lu, W. H., Ho, K.C., Current Design Methodology of High-Rise Building Drainage System in Taiwan, CIB-W62 International Symposium, 2004.09 (Paris, France).
Main author presentation
Kuen-Chi He is the Ph.D student at National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Department of Architecture.