輔導學報， 9期， 133-163 頁。

因此，將來之研究似乎可就這些變項之間的關係加以探討，以獲得更完整之研究結果。

3. 在研究工具方面:本研究所採用之研究工具僅適用於國小五、六年級學生，似乎無法

擴及其他不同求學階段之樣本。因此，將來從事此主題方面的研究者，不妨參酌修改本研究工真，使之更適用於各階段的研究對象。

4. 在研究方法方面:本研究僅以問卷調查及事後回溯方式來研究，無法深入觀察國小學生實際的發問行為。因此，今後之研究者，不妨採用實地觀察或與老師、學生唔談等方式，

以質化研究方法深入瞭解學生們較少發問之原因。

5. 在統計方法方面:根據研究結果，本研究提出國小學生發問徑路模式，將來進一步的研究，不妨可採用徑路分析 (path analysis) 來研究學生個人因素與教學情境因素，經由何種途徑而影響到發問意願、發問行為及學習參與，如此或許能更清楚的瞭解國小學生發問行為的因果關係。

參考文獻

一、中文部份

余文秀(民 75 )學生不向老師問問題之原因的因素分析。國教世紀， 21 卷， 10 期，

16-20 頁。

李昧吟(民 75 )增強國中生上課發問行為及在家學習時問對其主科成績之影響研究。

邱上真(民 78 )後設認知研究在輕度障礙者教學上的應用。特殊教育季刊， 30期，

12-16 頁。

二、英文部份

Aitken, J. E.,

&

Neer, M. R. (1991). 均riable association with qu臼'tion叫做穹的 the col-lege classroom. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Speech Co

mmunica-國小學生發問行為及其相關因素之研究 165

tion Association (ER1C Document Reproduction Servi臼. ED 184 182)

Dil1on, J.T. (1981a). Duration of response to teacher questions and statements. Contem-porary Educational Psychology, 6, 1-11.

Dillon, J. T. (1981b). A norm against student questions. The Clearing House, 55, 136-139.

Di1lon, J. T. (1988a). Questioning and teaching: A manualofpractice. New York: Teach-ers College Press.

Dillon, J. T. (1988b). The remedial status of student questioning. Journal of Cruuiculum

Studi白" 20, 197-210.

Di1lon, J. T. (199的 . The practice of questioning. New Y ork: Routledge.

Gillespie

,

C. (1990). Questions about student-generated questions. Journal of Reading

,

34(4), 251-257.

Good, T. L., Slavin醉， R. L., Harel，直. H., & Emerson, H. (1987). Student passivity : A study of question-asking in K-12 cIassrooms. Sociology of Education, 60, 181-199.

Karabenick, S. A., &區lapp， J. R. (1991). Relationship of academic help seeking to the use of learning strategies and other instrumental achievement behavior in coIIege students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83, 221-230.

Karabenick, S. A. (1992). He伊 seekingin college dω'Srooms: The role o[ perceived teacher support and teacher 吃ffectiveness 的 thestudent questioning proc臼's. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association. (ER1C Document Reproduction Service. ED 345 627)

Karabenic, S. A., & Sharma, R. (1994). Perceived teacher support of student questioning in coIlege classroom: 1ts relation to student characteristi臼 and role in the classroom questioning Pro臼ss.Joumal of Educational Psychology

,

8690-103.

McFeely, D. (1984). Student-generated questions: Strategies for student involvement 的 aid

comprehension. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service. 251 789)

Nelson-LeGaII, S. (1981). Help-seeking:An understudied problem-solving skiU in chil-dren. Developmental Review

,

224-246.

Nelson-LeGaII，且， & Glor-Scheib, S. (1985). Help-seeking in elementary classroom: An observational study. Contemporary Educational Psychology

,

58-71.

Nelson-LeGall，且， & Jones. E. (1990). Cognitive-Motivational influences on the task-related help-seeking behavior of black children. Chile Development, 61, 581-589.

Newman, R. S. (1990). Children's help seeking in the cIassroom: the role of motivation-al factors and attÏtudes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 71-80.

Newman, R. 旦， & Goldin, L. (1990). Children's reluctan臼 to se

Schwager, M. T.,

&

Newman. R. S. (1991). Children perceptions o[ cl切'sroom 的 re的tion 的

help-seeking. Paper presented at Annual Meeting of the American Educational Re-search Association, Chicago.

SPSS Inc. (1993). SPSS [or windows base system user's guide release 6.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc.

Tompki肘， F. M. (1989). 加 influence o[ classroom 如tures on student questioning be，枷

ior: A stu砂 o[one si.xth-grade c1assroom. Unpublished dictor dissertation, Michign State University. Michign.

van der Meij, H. (1988). Constraints on question asking in classrooms. Journal o[ Edu-cational Psychology, 80, 401-405.

van der Meij, H. & Dillon, J. T. (1994). Adaptive student questioning and students' ver-bal ability. Journal o[ E中'erientalEducation, 62(4), 277-290.

Violn, S., & Pat, W. (1993). Tearing down walls to promote student-generated questions.

(ERIC Document Reproduction Service. ED 361 336)

Wonnaco仗， C. A.,

&

Raphael, T. E. (1982). Comprehension monitoring: An invl臼tigation

o[ children 法 question-askingstrategies. Paper present at the national Conference, Clearwater, Florida.

Zimmerman, B. J. (1989). A social cognitive view of self-regulated academic learning.

Journal o[ Educational Psychology, 81, 329-339.

收稿日期 1998 年 5 月 3 日接受登刊日期 1998 年 9 月 30 日

167

Bulletin of Educational P.勻的ology， 1998, 30仰， 143-167

A Study of the Elementary School Students'

在文檔中國小學生發問行為及其相關因素之研究 (頁 22-25)