5.1 ࿂ᅭᐋ๴߻ନ૛Ꮚᑔᒧᆶғނᔠۓ!

࿂ᅭᐋ๴߻ନ૛Ꮚᑔᒧ၂ᡍύ 14 ᅿନ૛Ꮚჹ࿂ᅭᐋᅿηว޵౗ϐቹៜᆶჹྣ

ಔคᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕ૛ಥృǵၲԖᓪϷྐѸృࣣࣁӀӝس಍ II ׭ڋᏊǹၲԖᓪࣁֿન ᜪନ૛ᏊǴࡼᛰࡕЬाఠԝϩѲܭ 2-3 Ϧϩభβϐᚇ૛ǴԶբނᅿηϷਥӧᛰᏊቫ ϐΠၨόڙቹៜ(ጯᆶጯǴ2008a)Ƕ܎૛ᆶ΍୷܎૛ӕࣁ޵׭ڋᏊǴ׭ڋңҁࣽभ ғߏϷᗡယ૛ਥ೽Ǵ΍୷܎૛ჹНዿޔኞभ཮Ԗ׭ڋ౜ຝǴჹ౽෌भ߾ค׭ڋ౜

ຝ(ጯᆶጯǴ2008a)ǴΒǴѤ-ӦᆶΟෛКϷזլ૛ࣣࣁғߏፓ࿯Ꮚࠠନ૛ᏊǴЬा

ࣁ׭ڋᗡယᚇ૛ǴΟޣೀ౛Πϐ࿂ᅭᐋᅿη๴޵౗ᗨฅᆶჹྣಔ࣬Кคᡉ๱ৡ౦Ǵ ՠܭ࿂ᅭᐋѴभёᢀჸډಳ՜ߏסԔϐᛰ্ϸᔈǴჹ࿂ᅭᐋѴभғߏวػౢғቹ ៜǶҷ஌දჹңҁࣽᚇ૛ڀԖଯᒧ᏷܄Ǵჹᗡယᚇ૛൳ЯคቹៜǶ(Luo et al., 2002)Ƕ

ࡼҔྐ૛ữ(1.50 kg ha^-1)ǵѰ௽ವӭ૛(1.20 kg ha^-1)ǵ኷ྐ૛(1.20 kg ha^-1)ǵൺ

࿢޹(1.00 kg ha^-1)Ϸ๴ࡕନ૛Ꮚԭೲໜ(0.50 kg ha^-1)ჹ࿂ᅭᐋᅿηว޵׭ڋᆶჹྣ

ಔ ࣬ К Ԗ ᡉ ๱ ޑ ৡ ౦ Ƕ ԭ ೲ ໜ ࣁ ữ ୷ ለ ӝ ԋ ׭ ڋ Ꮚ Ǵ ё ӧ ཱུ ե ޑ ᐚ ࡋ Π ჹ acetolactase synthase (ALS) ሇન೷ԋ׭ڋǴӧ၂ᡍύჹ࿂ᅭᐋᅿηว޵׭ڋૈΚന ଯǴჹᗡယᚇ૛ཱུࡋ௵ག(Usui, 2001)Ƕྐ૛ữᆶѰ௽ವӭ૛׭ڋ΋ԃғң૛Ϸᗡ ယǴᆶ܎૛ǵ΍୷܎૛ӕឦ Chloroacetamides ᜪନ૛ᏊǴՠࠅᡉ๱ޑ׭ڋ࿂ᅭᐋѴ भғߏǴёૈᆶନ૛Ꮚޑၮ౽ૈΚ܈ࢂ glutathione S-transferase ޑሇનࢲ܄Ԗᜢ (Fuerst et al., 1987)Ƕൺෛ޹ᆶ኷ྐ૛ࣣឦܭጢ׭ڋᏊǴჹܭᘉယᚇ૛ڀԖؼӳޑ׭

ڋਏ݀(Achhireddy et al., 1984; Schroede, 1992)Ƕ

࿂ᅭᐋ๴߻ନ૛Ꮚ၂ᡍύᒧр܎૛ǵ૛ಥృǵࡼளলаϷॄӛ௓ڋಔԭೲໜ

຾ՉғނᔠۓǴѤᅿନ૛Ꮚೀ౛ύǵ܎૛ǵ૛ಥృჹܭ࿂ᅭᐋᅿηखືϷਥ׭ڋ

ၲ 50%܌ሡᐚࡋεܭ 500 mg L^-1Ǵࡼளলჹܭ࿂ᅭᐋᅿηਥ׭ڋ׭ڋၲ 50%܌ሡᐚ ࡋΨௗ߈ 500 mg L^-1ǴԶԭೲໜ׭ڋၲ 50%܌ሡᐚࡋࣣλܭ 5 mg L^-1 Ǵ߻Γࣴزύ ጯᆶጯ฻Γ(2008b)аԭೲໜჹ⽋ᴦखਥ׭ڋၲ 50%܌ሡᐚࡋࣁ 1.6 ppm ֆ฻Γ (2007)аԭೲໜೀ౛☞૛ٿϺ׭ڋၲ 50%܌ሡᐚࡋࣁ 13 ppmǴᡉҢԭೲໜჹ࿂ᅭ ᐋޑ׭ڋࢲ܄ၨଯǶำ฻Γ(2006)ൔᏤ܎૛ჹଯ࿳खਥ׭ڋၲ 50%܌ሡᐚࡋࣁ 62-170 ppmǶଭᆶ૲(1994)ೀ౛܎૛ჹλഝ޵ᆶखਥ׭ڋၲ 50%܌ሡᐚࡋࣁ 22 Ϸ 16 ppmǶPhewnil et al(2012)߾ൔᏤ૛ಥృჹੌ๩ғߏ׭ڋၲ 50%܌ሡᐚࡋࣁ 13.4 ppmǶᡉҢ࣬ჹܭځдբނǴ࿂ᅭᐋჹ܎૛ǵ૛ಥృϷࡼளলΟᅿନ૛ᏊԖၨଯޑ ऐڙ܄Ǵёᒧ᏷܄ٛନᚇ૛Զόቹៜ࿂ᅭᐋғߏǶ

ҁࣴزෳ၂Α 19 ᅿନ૛Ꮚჹ࿂ᅭᐋᅿηว޵౗ޑቹៜǴୖ၂ᛰᏊύ 14 ᅿନ

૛Ꮚჹ࿂ᅭᐋᅿη๴޵౗ᆶჹྣಔคᡉ๱ৡ౦ǴᡉҢ૛ಥృǵ܎૛ǵ΍୷܎૛ǵ

ၲԖᓪǵྐѸృǵࡼளলǵᏳΏӼǵҁၲໜǵҷ஌දǵڰఠ૛ǵ჏ᕗ༞฻ᛰᏊڀ ወΚᔈҔܭ࿂ᅭᐋ๴߻ᚇ૛ᆅ౛Ǵځύࡷᒧ܎૛ǵ૛ಥృϷࡼளল຾Չ࿂ᅭᐋख

ືᆶਥ՜ߏϐғނᔠۓǴᡉҢ܎૛ǵ૛ಥృϷࡼளলჹܭ࿂ᅭᐋѴभखືᆶਥޑ ғߏ׭ڋࢲ܄ၨեǴЪځҖ໔Ҕໆςىаၲډᚇ૛׭ڋǶ

5.2 ࿂ ࿂ᅭᐋ๴ࡕନ૛Ꮚᑔᒧᆶᛰ্ᔠۓ!

๴߻ନ૛ᏊࡼҔࡕǴ૛ಥృǵၲԖᓪϷྐѸృჹ࿂ᅭᐋ෌ਲ਼ϐғߏวػԖᝄ ख़໾্Ǵ೭Οᅿନ૛ᏊϐբҔᐒڋࣣࣁӧӀӝس಍ II (photosystem II)׭ڋӀӝբҔ ϐ຾Չ(Cobb, 1992; Devine et al., 1993)ǴᛰᏊೀ౛ࡕᛰ্ቻރЬाࣁယТ໳ϯ๺঒Ƕ 16 DATࡕယТኧҞቃਗ਼෧Ͽ(߄ 11)Ǵ૛ಥృ(1.60 kg ha^-1)ǵၲԖᓪ(2.00 kg ha^-1)Ϸ

ၲԖᓪ(1.00 kg ha^-1)ೀ౛ಔ෌ਲ਼ҭᎁڙᝄख़ϐғߏߔᛖ(߄ 5ǵ߄ 6)ǶErasmo et al.

(2009)ޑࣴزҭࡰр૛ಥృ(3.00 kg ha^-1)ೀ౛೷ԋ࿂ᅭᐋᝄख़ᛰ্ǴՠӧӕࣴزύǴ

ၲԖᓪ(2.00 kg ha^-1)ೀ౛೷ԋޑ߃ය໾্ёӣൺԿᆶჹྣೀ౛คᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕҁࣴز ύܭ࿂ᅭᐋ෌ਲ਼ғߏԿ 30 cm ਔ຾Չନ૛Ꮚೀ౛ǴԶ Erasmo et al. (2009)ޑࣴزύ

߾ࣁ࿂ᅭᐋᅿηኞᅿࡕջ຾Չ๴߻ନ૛Ꮚೀ౛Ǵ೭ёૈࢂӢࣁନ૛Ꮚೀ౛БԄό ӕԶ೷ԋ่݀ޑৡ౦Ƕ

܎૛(2.50 kg ha^-1)ೀ౛೷ԋ࿂ᅭᐋ෌ਲ਼ϐᇸ༾໾্Ǵቹៜ෌ਲ਼ಳယғߏϷଳᗲ ᅿಕᑈǴՠ܎૛(1.25 kg ha^-1)Ϸ΍୷܎૛(1.50, 0.75 kg ha^-1)ೀ౛߾ค׭ڋ࿂ᅭᐋ෌

ਲ਼ϐғߏǶࡼளলೀ౛ᗨฅቹៜ࿂ᅭᐋਲ਼ଯғߏǴՠӧᗲଳख़ಕᑈ΢ᆶჹྣೀ౛

คᡉ๱ৡ౦Ƕӧ࣬ᜢࣴزύҭԖ࣬՟่݀Ǵࡼளল(1.25 kg ha^-1)ೀ౛ό཮׭ڋ࿂ᅭ ᐋ෌ਲ਼ϐғߏวػǴਲ਼ଯǵಳ৩Ϸϩ݄ኧᆶჹྣೀ౛คᡉ๱ৡ౦(Erasmo et al., 2009)ǹ ќ΋ࣴز߾ᡉҢࡼளল(1.50 kg ha^-1)ჹΟᅿ୷Ӣࠠ࿂ᅭᐋޑᛰ্ࣣӧ 10%аΠǴ፾

ӝܭ࿂ᅭᐋϐᚇ૛ᆅ౛΢٬Ҕ(Rocha et al., 2010)Ƕ

๴ࡕନ૛ᏊΒǴѤ-ӦϷΟෛКࣁғߏનࠠନ૛ᏊǴբҔჹຝࣁᗡယ෌ނ(Cobb, 1992; Devine et al., 1993)ǴӢԜࡼҔࡕჹ࿂ᅭᐋ෌ਲ਼ౢғᝄख़ϐ໾্Ƕڰఠ૛ࣁௗ

᝻ࠠନ૛ᏊǴբҔᐒڋࣁ׭ڋ෌ނ glutamine synthetase (GS)ሇનϐբҔǴ೷ԋ෌ނ ᡏϣ਽ϐжᖴڙߔǴౢғࢥ্౜ຝ (ЦǴ2000)Ƕ჏ᕗ༞ࣁس಍ࠠନ૛ᏊǴբҔᐒ ڋࣁ׭ڋ EPSP ӝԋ䁙Ǵ೷ԋ෌ނᡏϣޱ३௼ữ୷ለӝԋڙߔԶౢғࢥ্(Cobb, 1992; Devine et al., 1993)Ƕڰఠ૛Ϸ჏ᕗ༞ࣣឦܭ๴ࡕߚᒧ᏷܄ନ૛ᏊǴࡼҔࡕჹ

࿂ᅭᐋ෌ਲ਼ౢғᝄख़ޑࢥ্բҔǴߔᛖғߏࣗԿ೷ԋ෌ਲ਼ԝΫǶҁၲໜᆶ๴߻ନ

૛Ꮚ૛ಥృǵၲԖᓪϷྐѸృӕࣁӀӝբҔ׭ڋࠠନ૛ᏊǴՠҁၲໜೀ౛ࡕ٠҂

ჹ࿂ᅭᐋ෌ਲ਼ౢғᝄख़ϐᛰ্Ƕҷ஌දữ୷ለӝԋ׭ڋࠠନ૛ᏊǴჹ࿂ᅭᐋҭ҂

೷ԋ໾্(߄ 17ǵ߄ 18)ǶҁၲໜբҔჹຝࣁᗡယᚇ૛Ǵҷ஌දբҔჹຝࣁңҁࣽ

ᚇ૛Ǵ೭ٿᅿନ૛Ꮚჹ࿂ᅭᐋϐғߏคܴᡉϐߔᛖǴҭёа፾ӝܭ࿂ᅭᐋϐᚇ૛

ᆅ౛΢٬ҔǶ

ନ૛ᏊቔࡼਔёૈӢᏹբό྽ǵᛰᏊតණ฻ӢનԶჹբނౢғቹៜǴନ૛Ꮚ

཮ޔௗ܈໔ௗޑቹៜ෌ނӀӝբҔǴ׭ڋӀس಍аϷႝη໺ሀᗗૈΚǴ٠फ़եယ ᆘન֖ໆ(Draber et al., 1991)ǶฅԶᛰ্ౢғԿ߄౜ය໔෌ਲ਼ёૈςڙᝄख़ޑቹៜǶ Ӏғ౛ࡰ኱ύதᄊϯৡ౦෌ғࡰ኱(NDVI)ᆶယᆘન֖Ԗࡰኧ(SPAD)ёϸࢀယТယ ᆘન֖ໆޑᡂϯ(Gitelson and Merzlya, 1998; Markwell et al., 1995; Uddling et al., 2007)ǴӀໆηౢॶȐQYȑ߾ёϸᔈ෌ਲ਼ӀӝբҔႝη໺ሀᗗޑૈΚ(Hogewoning et al., 2012)Ƕᙖҗ΢ॊࡰ኱ёаזೲᕇள෌ਲ਼ޑғ౛ރᄊǶ๴߻ନ૛Ꮚ૛ಥృǵၲԖ ᓪǵྐѸృᆶ๴ࡕନ૛ᏊҁၲໜЬࣣࣁჹӀӝس಍຾Չ׭ڋǴޔௗϸᔈӧӀໆη

ౢॶȐQYȑယᆘન֖Ԗࡰኧ(SPAD)!Ϸதᄊϯৡ౦෌ғࡰ኱(NDVI)ޑ߄౜΢ǶΟ

ෛКࣁғߏፓ࿯Ꮚࠠନ૛ᏊǴ཮٬෌ނזೲғߏԶ࢏ᆃǴനಖϸࢀӧ෌ਲ਼Ӏӝૈ

ΚޑΠफ़ᆶယᆘનޑफ़ှǶڰఠ૛ࣁ glutamine synthetase (GS)ሇન׭ڋᏊǴ߻Γࣴ

زӭԖගϷ཮ቹៜ෌ނӀӝբҔǴՠځբҔᐒڋϝԖࡑᙶమ(Coetzer and Al-Khatib, 2001)Ƕ่݀ᡉҢࡼҔբҔᐒڋᆶӀӝբҔ࣬ᜢϐନ૛ᏊࡕǴନ૛Ꮚჹܭ࿂ᅭᐋӀ ӝբҔޑቹៜ཮ϸᔈӧӀғ౛ࡰ኱ޑ߄౜΢ǴᇥܴӀғ౛ࡰ኱ॶёջਔᅱෳࡼҔ

ᛰᏊჹܭ࿂ᅭᐋޑቹៜǴаբࣁࡕុᚇ૛ᆅ౛Ҕᛰޑ٩ᏵǶ

ҁࣴزෳ၂Α 6 ᅿ๴߻ନ૛ᏊϷ 6 ᅿ๴ࡕନ૛ᏊࡼҔჹ࿂ᅭᐋ෌ਲ਼ϐቹៜǴ ᑔᒧ፾ӝܭ࿂ᅭᐋҖ໔ਭ୻ᚇ૛ᆅ౛΢٬Ҕϐନ૛ᏊǶ่݀ᡉҢ๴߻ନ૛Ꮚ܎૛

(1.25 kg ha^-1)ǵ΍୷܎૛(1.50, 0.75 kg ha^-1)ǵࡼளল(1.25, 0.63 kg ha^-1)Ϸ๴ࡕନ૛Ꮚ ҁၲໜ(1.20, 0.60 kg ha^-1)ǵҷ஌ද(0.25, 0.13 kg ha^-1)ೀ౛ჹ࿂ᅭᐋ෌ਲ਼คܴᡉϐғ ߏߔᛖǴڀԖወΚё፾Ҕܭ࿂ᅭᐋਭ୻ϐᚇ૛ٛନ΢Ƕ

5.3 ࿂ ࿂ᅭᐋҖ໔ନ૛Ꮚ၂ᡍ!

ҁࣴزෳ၂࿂ᅭᐋό᏾Ӧਭ୻ύǴଞჹҶહҖᅿ෌ᙟᇂբނȐҖ๭ȑࡕբᅿ

෌ό᏾Ӧ࿂ᅭᐋӕਔ໔բߙപҏԯǴ٠ܭ࿂ᅭᐋϷҏԯ෌߻ቔࡼନ૛ᏊǴаΑှ

ନ૛Ꮚჹ࿂ᅭᐋϷ໔բҏԯޑቹៜǶ่݀ᡉҢ࿂ᅭᐋᆶҏԯрβਔ໔όڙନ૛Ꮚ ቔࡼቹៜЪᆶЎ᝘΋ठ(ើ฻ΓǴ2007)ǴҖ໔ᚇ૛߾೏Ԗਏޑٛନ(კ 24)Ǵܭ࿂ᅭ ᐋϷҏԯѴਲ਼Կԋਲ਼ࣣคᢀჸډܴᡉϐᛰ্ౢғǴᆶ࿂ᅭᐋ๴ࡕନ૛Ꮚ၂ᡍ่݀

΋ठǶ૛ಥృᆶ܎૛ࣁᒧ᏷܄ᗡယ૛ନ૛ᏊǴς೏ቶݱᔈҔܭҏԯਭ୻ύ(Gaynor et al., 1992; Shimabukuro et al., 1971)Ƕ჏ᕗᖻᗨฅࣁቶਏ܄ନ૛ᏊǴՠቔࡼࡕ཮ᆶ βᝆ่ӝԶफ़եբނԖਏ֎ԏޑໆ(Sprankle et al., 1975)ǶӢԜ࿂ᅭᐋᆶҏԯрβࡕǴ βᝆύ჏ᕗᖻԖਏ֖ໆёૈόىаၲډ׭ڋǶԜѦᆶҖ๭ࡕբᅿ෌ό᏾Ӧ࿂ᅭᐋ ٠໔բߙപҏԯǴჹཥ෌࿂ᅭᐋԋ݅߃යޑᚇ૛ૈԖਏޑ௓ڋǴЪό᏾Ӧਭ୻ё Ԗਏ෧Ͽ᏾Ӧբ཰ԋҁЍрǴ٠ቚу΋යբߙപҏԯޑԏ੻Ƕ

ҁࣴزෳ၂࿂ᅭᐋό᏾Ӧਭ୻ڋࡋύቔࡼନ૛ᏊషᏊ჏ᕗᖻ(1.6 kg ha^-1)ɠ܎

૛(1.4 kg ha^-1)ɠ૛ಥృ(1.6kg ha^-1)ჹܭ࿂ᅭᐋϷҏԯޑቹៜǴ่݀ᡉҢ჏ᕗᖻ(1.6 kg ha^-1)ɠ܎૛(1.4 kg ha^-1)ɠ૛ಥృ(1.6kg ha^-1)Ǵჹ࿂ᅭᐋϷҏԯ෌ਲ਼คܴᡉϐ๴޵

ϷғߏߔᛖǴڀወΚᔈҔܭ࿂ᅭᐋό᏾Ӧਭ୻Ϸ࿂ᅭᐋҖ໔բҏԯਔϐᚇ૛ᆅ౛

ϐ௢ᙚҔᛰǶ

ಃ

ಃϤകǵ่ᇟϷ҂ٰ৖ఈ

ҁࣴزᑔᒧёҔܭ࿂ᅭᐋ๴߻Ϸ๴ࡕᚇ૛ᆅ౛ϐନ૛ᏊǴ٠ᢀჸ໔բڋࡋΠ ନ૛ᏊࡼҔჹ࿂ᅭᐋϷ໔բբނҏԯϐቹៜǴ߃؁ჹܭ࿂ᅭᐋ๴߻Ϸ๴ࡕᚇ૛ᆅ

౛௢ᙚኧᅿёҔϐନ૛ᏊǴගٮӭᅿᒧ᏷аᅈىόӕޑᚇ૛ᆅ౛ሡ؃

࿂ᅭᐋ๴߻ᚇ૛ᆅ౛၂ᡍύǴ૛ಥృǵ܎૛ǵ΍୷܎૛ǵၲԖᓪǵྐѸృǵ

ࡼளলǵᏳΏӼǵҁၲໜǵҷ஌දǵڰఠ૛ᆶ჏ᕗ༞ჹ࿂ᅭᐋᅿη๴޵Ϸғߏค

ܴᡉ׭ڋǴڀወΚᔈҔܭ࿂ᅭᐋ๴߻ᚇ૛ᆅ౛Ƕ

࿂ᅭᐋ๴ࡕନ૛Ꮚ၂ᡍύǴ๴߻ନ૛Ꮚ܎૛(1.25 kg ha^-1)ǵ΍୷܎૛(1.50, 0.75 kg ha^-1)ǵࡼளল(1.25, 0.63 kg ha^-1)Ϸ๴ࡕନ૛Ꮚҁၲໜ(1.20, 0.60 kg ha^-1)ǵҷ஌ද (0.25, 0.13 kg ha^-1)ೀ౛ჹ࿂ᅭᐋ෌ਲ਼คܴᡉϐғߏߔᛖǴڀԖወΚё፾Ҕܭ࿂ᅭᐋ

๴ࡕϐᚇ૛ᆅ౛Ƕ

࿂ᅭᐋҖ໔ନ૛Ꮚ၂ᡍύǴ჏ᕗᖻ(1.6 kg ha^-1)ɠ܎૛(1.4 kg ha^-1)ɠ૛ಥృ

(1.6kg ha^-1)షᏊჹܭ࿂ᅭᐋᆶҏԯғߏคܴᡉϐғߏߔᛖǴёᔈҔܭ࿂ᅭᐋό᏾Ӧ ਭ୻ϐᚇ૛ᆅ౛Ƕ

҂ٰϝሡ׳຾΋؁ޑࣴزٰࡌҥ፾ӝѠ᡼ޑ࿂ᅭᐋਭ୻ڋࡋǴаϷΑှନ૛

Ꮚჹ࿂ᅭᐋϷόӕ໔բբނϐቹៜǴٮόӕਭ୻ڋࡋջόӕᚇ૛ᆅ౛ሡ؃௢ᙚӝ

፾ϐନ૛ᏊǴаයၲԋԖਏޑၭᛰࡼҔǴ٠फ़եჹᕉნϷբނ܌೷ԋޑቹៜǶ

ୖ

ୖԵЎ᝘

ЦדమǶ3123Ƕ࿂ᅭᐋယТගڗనჹ෌ނᅿηว޵ޑϯགਏᔈǶ౜жၭ཰ࣽמǶ 21;2::.323Ƕ!

ЦቼျǶ2000Ƕڰఠ૛ନ૛ᏊϐբҔϷל܄ᐒڋǶࣽᏢၭ཰Ƕ48:322-324Ƕ Ֆ⻡ǵဤݥǵणྍࢫǵ؅྆䬠ǵ૲౛ࡾǶ2010Ƕ࿂ᅭᐋ(Jatropha curcas L.)෌ނᏢ

ࣴز຾৖ǶߏԢࢬୱၗྍᆶᕉნǶ19:120-127Ƕ

ֆᖂඪǵЦமǵᇳᏢѳǵֆߏᑫǵഋ᜽๩ǵ؇ਕؼǶ2007Ƕ☞૛ჹ 7 ᅿନ૛Ꮚޑ

௵ག܄ϷځғނෳۓБݤޑࣴزǶੈԢၭ཰ᏢൔǶ19(1):37-41Ƕ

ڬܱѶǵ೚ᅽࢃǶ1991Ƕᙟᇂբނᆶහ݅ӆғϐ࣬ғ߽࣬բҔǶᚇ૛Ꮲ཮཮тǶ 12(1): 33-40Ƕ

݅ীǵڬᒧൎǵঞլଈǵഋܫǶ2004Ƕഞᅭᐋ෌ނၗྍࣴزཷݩǶ዗஥٥዗஥෌

ނᏢൔǶ12:285-290Ƕ

ߋ܃၍ǵጰЎᅽǶ2002ǶҖ๭ኦᇂჹό᏾Ӧਭ୻ߙപҏԯᚇ૛ᆅ౛ϷౢໆޑቹៜǶ ύ๮҇୯ᚇ૛Ꮲ཮཮тǶ23(1)13-22Ƕ

ߋࡌύǶ1995Ƕఠ૛Ꮚޑᒧ᏷܄ǶѠύ୔ၭ཰஑ૻǶ10:20-24Ƕ

ߠᅽϩǵ݅ЎᓪǶ1984Ƕό᏾Ӧਭ୻ݤϐࣴزϷ৖ఈǶࣽᏢၭ཰ 32:351-355Ƕ

ࡼݒችǵෞᅇܴǶ2010ǶѠ᡼ഞᅭᐋੰᙝ্ൔᏤǶ݅཰ࣴز஑ૻǶ17(5):68-71Ƕ ଭԄ༹ǵ૲ᐋ۸Ƕ1994Ƕλഝᅿ޵ჹ 6 ᅿ儞ữᜪନ૛Ꮚ௵ག܄ෳۓǶᚇ૛ࣽᏢǶ

1:8-9Ƕ

ଯ໩ǵᗛ଄ЦǶ2011Ƕഞᅭᐋݨᆶғނࢲ܄ނ፦ޑϩᚆપϯϷځወӧᔈҔǶϯπǶ 58(1):40-49Ƕ

஭ܴ۸ǵᘲЎ݅ǵഋཥϓǵླྀ໩݅ǵߎ݇ǵ᮶ѳǵݓົǵ૲౛ࡾǶ2008Ƕ൳ᅿନ

૛ᏊჹഞᅭᐋभҖᚇ૛ޑٛନਏ݀Ƕᚇ૛ࣽᏢǶ2:60-61Ƕ

೾ૈԋǵ݅࿤ۚǵ໳ۘကǶ1988Ƕҏԯό᏾Ӧਭ୻מೌϐࣴزǶᚇᙂբނ၂ᡍࣴ

زԃൔǶಃ 243-247 ।Ƕ

ำਥݓǵٔۇۇǵ஭ླྀǵك઒௵ǵणྻǵइܴξǶ2006Ƕଯ࿳ჹҘ૛ữޑ௵ག܄

ࣴزǶᚇᙂբނǶ26( 2):126~127Ƕ

ླྀߎܱǵഋ⋹യǶ2010ǶѠ᡼ᅿ෌ഞᅭᐋޑёՉ܄߃௖Ƕᕉნᆶᆅ౛ࣴزǶ 11:105-116Ƕ

࿶ᔮ೽ૈྍֽǶ2013ǶѠ᡼Ӧ୔ૈྍ಍ीԃൔǶ!

ၘ׆Ƕ2009Ƕ࿂ᅭᐋᅿচӧѠ᡼ғߏ੝܄ᆶᕷ෗מೌຑ՗ǶࡀܿࣽמεᏢ዗஥ၭ

཰ᄤ୯ሞӝբس܌ᅺγፕЎǶ

ቅБݹǵ׵ܲǵ৊҉ҏǶ2012Ƕύ୯࿂ᅭᐋࣴز຾৖ᆶ໒วճҔ౜ރǶύ୯ၭယ εᏢᏢൔǶ17(6):178-184Ƕ

ጯ҉҅ǵጯኀ⍍Ƕ2002Ƕၭᛰᛰ্ޑวғᆶບᘐǶၭہ཮ၭ཰ᛰނࢥނ၂ᡍ܌Ƕ

ಃ 180-182 ।Ƕ

ጯ҉҅ǵጯኀ⍍Ƕ2006ǶၭҖᚇ૛ᆶନ૛ᏊाំǶՉࡹଣၭ཰ہ঩཮ၭ཰ᛰނࢥ ނ၂ᡍ܌рހǶಃ 1-104 ।Ƕ

ጯ҉҅ǵጯኀ⍍Ƕ2008aǶதҔନ૛Ꮚϐ੝܄ᆶᔈҔǶբނບᘐᆶၭᛰ٬ҔӼӄמ

ೌЋнǶಃ 205-226 ।Ƕ

ጯ҉҅ǵጯኀ⍍Ƕ2008bǶ⽋ᴦҖନ૛ᏊᑔᒧǶύ๮҇୯ᚇ૛཮тǶ29Ǻ121-130Ƕ ጯ҉҅Ƕ2002ǶԖᐒਭ୻ϐᚇ૛ٛݯמೌǶၭ཰၂ᡍ܌੝тǶ102:97-104Ƕ

ᑵࡹѶǵߋࡌύǵᗛᆢᄪǶ2003ǶѠ᡼ጫ๼Җନ૛ᏊϐᔈҔᆶว৖Ƕύ๮҇୯ᚇ

૛Ꮲ཮཮тǶ24(2):99-113Ƕ

ᔈಏ๥Ƕ1993ǶѠ᡼ଯ฻෌ނறՅკᇞಃѤڔǶಃ 590 ।Ƕ

ᝄཥ൤Ƕ2005ǶѠ᡼Ѧٰᅿ෌ނޑЇᅿᆶճҔǶѠ᡼Ӧ୔෌ނၗྍϐӭኬ܄ว৖

ࣴ૸཮Ƕಃ 43-61 ।Ƕ

ើғဗǵഌЎࣽǵᐽᓉᎢǵणᛏǵើ଼߿Ƕ2007Ƕ࿂ᅭᐋϷځਭ୻מೌǶቶՋၭ

ᏢൔǶ22:43-45Ƕ

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Yenish J. P., Worsham A. D., York, A. C. (1996) Cover crops for herbicide replacement in no-tillage corn (Zea mays). Weed Technology 815-821.

ߕ ߕᒵ!

߄ 3ǵ࿂ᅭᐋ๴߻ନ૛Ꮚ၂ᡍϐୖ၂ᛰᏊǶ

ύЎӜ मЎӜ ୘ࠔӜ Ꮚࠠ Ԗਏԋϩ

Β,Ѥ-Ӧ 2,4-D ΒǵѤ-Ӧ ёᔸ܄ણᏊ 80%

܎૛ Alachlor ܎઩ ٢Ꮚ 41.5%

૛ಥృ Atrazine ૛ಥృ ёᔸ܄ણᏊ 50%

ҁၲໜ Bentazon լ૛ࢃ ྋన 44.1%

΍୷܎૛ Butachlor ਥҁନ ٢Ꮚ 60%

ᏳΏӼ Dinitramine പ࢏૛ ٢Ꮚ 25%

ၲԖᓪ Diuron మڰ૛ НᝌᏊ 40%

ҷ஌ද Fluazifop-butyl ܮ࿤ྃ ٢Ꮚ 17.5

ڰఠ૛ Glufosinate ԭ၂ၲ ྋన 13.5%

჏ᕗ༞ Glyphosate ᑫໜࡾ ྋన 41%

ྐ૛ữ Metazachlor লӦ๓ НᝌᏊ 43.1%

ྐѸృ Metribuzin ဃլ ёᔸ܄ણᏊ 70%

኷ྐ૛ Oxadiazon ᅀྐ૛ ٢Ꮚ 43.1%

ൺ࿢޹ Oxyfluorfen ૛คቹ ٢Ꮚ 23.5%

ࡼளল Pendimethalin ථ಍ল ٢Ꮚ 34%

ԭೲໜ Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl ࣪૛ᕷ ёᔸ܄ણᏊ 10%

זլ૛ Quinclorac ᚺլ૛ ણᏊ 50%

Ѱ௽ವӭ૛ S-metolachlor ߎ-ନᇬ ٢Ꮚ 87.3%

ΟෛК Triclopyr уၭ ٢Ꮚ 61.6%

߄ 4ǵ࿂ᅭᐋ๴߻ନ૛Ꮚ၂ᡍϐୖ၂ᛰᏊǶ

ύЎӜ मЎӜ ୘ࠔӜ Ԗਏԋϩ Ꮚໆ

૛ಥృ Atrazine ૛ಥృ ёᔸ܄ણᏊ 50.%

ၲԖᓪ Diuron మڰ૛ НᝌᏊ 40.%

ྐѸృ Metribuzin ဃլ ёᔸ܄ણᏊ 70.%

܎૛ Alachlor ܎઩ ٢Ꮚ 41.5%

΍୷܎૛ Butachlor ਥҁନ ٢Ꮚ 60.%

ࡼளল Pendimethalin ථ಍ল ٢Ꮚ 34.%

჏ᕗ༞ Glyphosate ᑫໜࡾ ྋన 41.%

ڰఠ૛ Glufosinate ԭ၂ၲ ྋన 13.5%

Β,Ѥ-Ӧ 2,4-D ΒǵѤ-Ӧ ёᔸ܄ણᏊ 80.%

ΟෛК Triclopyr уၭ ٢Ꮚ 61.6%

ҁၲໜ Bentazon լ૛ࢃ ྋన 44.1%

ҷ஌ද Fluazifop-butyl ܮ࿤ྃ ٢Ꮚ 17.5%

კ 2ǵ၂ᡍය໔Ѡчѳ֡ВྕᡂϯǶ

Fig. 2. Average day temperature in taipei during experiment.

߄ 5ǵନ૛ᏊࡼҔჹ࿂ᅭᐋᅿηว޵ϐቹៜǶ

Table 5. Germination rate of Jatropha curcas seeds treated by herbicides

Herbicide Rate Application²⁾ Germination rate ----kg ai ha^-1--- %

----Control - - 76.7^a1)

Alachlor 2.50 pre 73.3^ab

Atrazine 1.60 pre 66.6^abc

Butachlor 1.50 pre 53.3^abc

Diuron 2.00 pre 70.0^ab

Metribuzin 1.50 pre 73.3^ab

Pendimethalin 1.25 pre 76.7^a

2,4-D 2.00 post 66.7^abc

Bentazon 1.50 post 73.3^ab

Dinitramine 3.00 post 73.3^ab

Fluazifop-butyl 0.25 post 73.3^ab

Glufosinate 1.00 post 76.7^a

Glyphosate 2.50 post 73.3^ab

Metazachlor 1.50 post 50.0^bcd

Oxadiazon 5.00 post 30.0^bcd

Oxyfluorfen 1.00 post 50.0^de

Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 0.50 post 23.3^e

Quinclorac 1.00 post 56.7^abc

S-metolachlor 1.20 post 43.3^cde

Triclopyr 1.00 post 60.0^abc

1)Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different (Duncan test, p = 0.05)

2)pre, pre-emergence herbicide; post, post-emergence herbicide.

კ 3ǵόӕନ૛Ꮚჹ࿂ᅭᐋѴभғߏቹៜǶ (A)܎૛ǵ(B)૛ಥృǵ(C) ࡼளলǵ(D) ԭೲໜǶ

Fig. 3. Effect of different concentration (mg L^-1) of herbicides on growth of Jatropha curcas seedling. (A) Alachlor; (B) Atrazine; (C) Pendimethalin; (D)

Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl.

კ 4ǵόӕନ૛Ꮚჹ࿂ᅭᐋѴभғߏϐᏊໆϸᔈǶ

Fig. 4. Dose-response of Jatropha curcas to alachlor based on the root and hypocotyl elongation assay.

Percentage inhibition was determined by the formula: [(control plant length − plant length incubated with alachlor)/control plant length] × 100. Means ± SE from experiment with three replicates for each treatment are shown.

߄ 6ǵନ૛Ꮚ׭ڋ࿂ᅭᐋѴभखਥϷखື՜ߏၲ 50%܌ሡᐚࡋǶ

Table 6. Herbicide concentrations causing 50% inhibition of root and hypocotyl elongation of Jatropha curcas seedling.

Herbicide Part IC50 Regression equation

Alachlor R 575 Y=6.60 + 2.81 (logX) + 4.66 (logX)² R²=0.99 H 4,168 Y=2.39+ 8.12 (logX) + 1.38 (logX)² R²=0.99 Atrazine R 562 Y=5.02 + 4.30(logX) + 4.38(logX)² R²=0.99 H 32,359 Y=1.00 + 6.48(logX) + 0.97 (logX)² R²=0.97 Pendimethalin R 467 Y=3.55 - 0.37 (logX) + 6.52 (logX)² R²=0.97 H 10,715 Y=1.93 + 6.03 (logX) + 1.46 (logX)² R²=0.98

Pyrazosulfuron-ethyl

R 0.003 Y= 83.09 + 9.10 (logX) -1.68 (logX)² R²=0.97 H 1.25 Y= 48.21 + 16.84 (logX) -1.17 (logX)² R²=0.93

1) R, Root , H, hypocotyl.

2) IC 50(mg L^-1): The concentrations required for 50% growth inhibition of hypocotyls and roots

3) Investigation at 3 days after herbicides treatment.

62

კ5ǵΜΒᅿନ૛Ꮚ௢ᙚໆೀ౛ΎϺࡕ࿂ᅭᐋϐᛰ্ቻރǶ Fig.5.The symptoms caused by 12 herbicides injury inJatropha curcaswithrecommended dosage.

კ 6ǵନ૛Ꮚ Glufosinate ჹ࿂ᅭᐋғߏϐቹៜǶ

Fig. 6. The effects of the Glufosinate on the growth in Jatropha curcas.

კ 7ǵନ૛Ꮚ Glyphosate ჹ࿂ᅭᐋғߏϐቹៜǶ

Fig. 7. The effects of the Glyphosate on the growth in Jatropha curcas.

კ 8ǵନ૛Ꮚ Pendimethain ჹ࿂ᅭᐋғߏϐቹៜǶ

Fig. 8. The effects of the Pendimethain on the growth in Jatropha curcas.

კ 9ǵନ૛Ꮚ Butachlor ჹ࿂ᅭᐋғߏϐቹៜǶ

Fig. 9. The effects of the Butachlor on the growth in Jatropha curcas.

კ 10ǵନ૛Ꮚ Alachlor ჹ࿂ᅭᐋғߏϐቹៜǶ

Fig. 10. The effects of the Alachlor on the growth in Jatropha curcas.

კ 11ǵନ૛Ꮚ Fluazifop-butyl ჹ࿂ᅭᐋғߏϐቹៜǶ

Fig. 11. The effects of the Fluazifop-butyl on the growth in Jatropha curcas.

კ 12ǵନ૛Ꮚ 2,4-D ჹ࿂ᅭᐋғߏϐቹៜǶ

Fig. 12. The effects of the 2,4-D on the growth in Jatropha curcas.

კ 13ǵନ૛Ꮚ Triclopyr ჹ࿂ᅭᐋғߏϐቹៜǶ

Fig. 13. The effects of the Triclopyr on the growth in Jatropha curcas.

კ 14ǵନ૛Ꮚ Bentazon ჹ࿂ᅭᐋғߏϐቹៜǶ

Fig. 14. The effects of the Bentazon on the growth in Jatropha curcas.

კ 15ǵନ૛Ꮚ Diuron ჹ࿂ᅭᐋғߏϐቹៜǶ

Fig. 15. The effects of the Diuron on the growth in Jatropha curcas.

კ 16ǵନ૛Ꮚჹ࿂ᅭᐋғߏϐቹៜǶ

Fig. 16. The effects of the Metribuzin on the growth in Jatropha curcas.

კ 17ǵନ૛Ꮚ Atrazine ჹ࿂ᅭᐋғߏϐቹៜǶ

Fig. 17. The effects of the Atrazine on the growth in Jatropha curcas.

߄ 7ǵ࿂ᅭᐋ๴ࡕନ૛Ꮚ၂ᡍෳ၂ନ૛ᏊϐᏊࠠǵ٬ҔਔයᆶᏊໆǶ

Table 7. Formulation, application, and rate of herbicides tested.

Name Formulation¹ Application² Rate

Kg ai ha^-1(X)³ 0.5X

Alachlor EC pre 2.50 1.25

Atrazine WP pre 1.60 0.80

Butachlor EC pre 1.50 0.75

Diuron WP pre 2.00 1.00

Metribuzin WP pre 1.50 0.75

Pendimethalin EC pre 1.25 0.63

2,4-D SP post 2.00 1.00

Bentazon SL post 1.20 0.60

Fluazifop-butyl EC post 0.25 0.13

Glufosinate SL post 1.00 0.50

Glyphosate SL post 2.50 1.25

Triclopyr EC post 1.00 0.50

1)EC, emulsifiable concentrate; SL, soluble concentrate; SP, water-soluble powder; WP, wettable powder.

2)pre, pre-emergence herbicide; post, post-emergence herbicide.

3)a.i., active ingredient.

߄ 8ǵ๴߻ନ૛ᏊࡼҔࡕ࿂ᅭᐋਲ਼ଯϐᡂϯǶ

Table 8. Changes in plant height (cm) of Jatropha curcas after treatment of pre-emergence herbicides.

Herbicide Rate (kg ai ha^-1)⁴

Day after treatment (DAT)

8 16 24 48

Control -- 46.0_ab¹ 52.0_ab 57.7_a 71.8_ab Alachlor 2.50 41.3_bcde 39.9_ef 41.9_cd 55.9_ef 1.25 48.2_a 53.5_a 57.8_a 66.9_bc Atrazine 1.60 36.0_f 36.8_fg 39.3_d –³

0.80 46.0_ab 45.1_cd 48.5_bc 61.3_cde Butachlor 1.50 40.8_cdef 43.7_de 49.8_b 63.2_cd

0.75 45.9_ab 48.4_bc 50.2_b 73.8_a Diuron 2.00 37.8_ef 33.7_g 44.2_bcd –

1.00 40.1_cdef 40.5_ef 46.8_bc 54.1_f Metribuzin 1.50 44.6_abcd 45.3_cd 45.2_bcd –

0.75 45.5_abc 46.1_cd 46.4_bc –

Pendimethalin 1.25 42.0_bcde 42.6_de 47.5_bc 56.5_ef 0.63 43.9_abcd 45.8_cd 51.0_b 59.5_def

F-vaule 5.60^**2 15.64^** 6.97^** 255.39^**

1)Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different (Duncan test, p = 0.05)

2) **

Significant at 1%.

3)– represented the death of plants.

4)a.i., active ingredient.

߄ 9ǵ๴߻ନ૛ᏊࡼҔࡕ࿂ᅭᐋಳ৩ϐᡂϯǶ

Table 9. Changes in stem diameter (cm) of Jatropha curcas after treatment of pre-emergence herbicides.

Herbicide Rate (kg ai ha^-1)⁴

Day after treatment (DAT)

8 16 24 48

Control -- 1.34_a¹ 1.47_a 1.56_ab 1.78_ab Alachlor 2.50 0.98_f 1.04_cdef 1.24_d 1.47_cd 1.25 1.33_a 1.38_ab 1.53_ab 1.70_ab Atrazine 1.60 0.99_f 1.01_def 1.04_ef –³⁾

0.80 1.14_de 1.13_cd 1.15_de 1.32_de Butachlor 1.50 1.25_abcd 1.36_ab 1.46_bc 1.77_ab 0.75 1.28_abc 1.37_ab 1.50_abc 1.83_a Diuron 2.00 1.06_ef 0.95_f 0.98_f –

1.00 1.00_f 0.99_ef 1.02_ef 1.27_e Metribuzin 1.50 1.17_bcde 1.16_c 1.14_de –

0.75 1.11_ef 1.12_cde 1.12_de –

Pendimethalin 1.25 1.29_ab 1.40_ab 1.62_a 1.58_bc 0.63 1.15_cde 1.30_b 1.40_c 1.61_bc

F-vaule 9.34^**2 17.67^** 31.30^** 159.31^**

1)Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different (Duncan test, p = 0.05)

2)** Significant at 1%.

3)– represented the death of plants.

4)a.i., active ingredient.

߄ 10ǵ๴߻ନ૛ᏊࡼҔࡕ࿂ᅭᐋϩ݄ኧϐᡂϯǶ

Table 10. Changes in branch number of Jatropha curcas after treatment of pre-emergence herbicides.¹

Herbicide Rate (kg ai ha^-1)⁵

Day after treatment (DAT)

8 16 24 48

Control -- 1.0(1.2)_cd² 1.0(1.2)_cd 0.7(1.1)_cd 0.7(1.1)_d Alachlor 2.50 2.0(1.5)_bc 3.0(1.7)_bc 3.0(1.9)_ab 1.0(1.2)_cde

1.25 4.0(2.1)_ab 5.7(2.4)_ab 3.7(2.0)_ab 2.7(1.7)_bcd Atrazine 1.60 0.0(0.7)_d 2.0(1.5)_cd 2.7(1.6)_bc –⁴

0.80 2.0(1.6)_bc 5.7(2.5)_ab 2.0(1.5)_bcd 7.7(2.8)_a Butachlor 1.50 1.0(1.2)_cd 6.0(2.5)_ab 2.0(1.6)_bc 2.7(1.6)_bcd

0.75 2.0(1.5)_bc 2.7(1.7)_bc 2.0(1.6)_bc 2.7(1.7)_bcd Diuron 2.00 0.7(1.1)_cd 0.7(1.1)_cd 0.7(1.1)_cd –

1.00 0.7(1.1)_cd 0.7(1.1)_cd 0.0(0.7)_d 3.7(2.0)_bc Metribuzin 1.50 0.7(1.1)_cd 1.0(1.2)_cd 0.7(1.1)_cd –

0.75 0.0(0.7)_d 0.0(0.7)_d 0.7(1.1)_cd –

Pendimethalin 1.25 4.7(2.3)_a 7.7(2.9)_a 6.0(2.5)_a 2.7(1.7)_bcd 0.63 2.0(1.6)_bc 3.0(1.9)_bc 3.0(1.9)_ab 5.0(2.3)_ab

F-vaule 4.45^**3 6.45^** 4.73^** 8.13^**

1)The original data were transformed into √x +0.5 and are highlighted in parentheses.

2)Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different (Duncan test, p = 0.05)

3)** Significant at 1%.

4)– represented the death of plants.

5)a.i., active ingredient.

߄ 11ǵ๴߻ନ૛ᏊࡼҔࡕ࿂ᅭᐋယኧϐᡂϯǶ

Table 11. Changes in leaf number of Jatropha curcas after application of pre-emergence herbicides.

Herbicide Rate (kg ai ha^-1)⁴

Day after treatment (DAT)

8 16 24 48

Control -- 16.0_ab¹ 18.0_ab 22.7_b 28.7_ab Alachlor 2.50 12.7_b 14.7_c 17.0_c 22.7_c

1.25 16.7_a 19.7_a 22.0_b 28.0_ab Atrazine 1.60 13.0_b 5.0_d 7.7_d –³

0.80 14.0_ab 5.0_d 6.7_de 15.0_d Butachlor 1.50 14.7_ab 16.7_bc 20.0_bc 25.0_bc

0.75 15.0_ab 17.7_ab 21.7_bc 31.0_a Diuron 2.00 14.7_ab 3.7_d 2.7_e –

1.00 12.7_b 4.0_d 5.7_de 11.7_d Metribuzin 1.50 15.7_ab 4.0_d 2.7_e –

0.75 15.7_ab 5.0_d 4.0_de –

Pendimethalin 1.25 15.0_ab 17.0_bc 19.0_bc 22.0_c 0.63 15.0_ab 20.0_a 27.0_a 27.0_b

F-vaule 1.42^{ns 2} 68.93^** 36.00^** 113.75^**

1)Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different (Duncan test, p = 0.05)

2)** Significant at 1%, ns - not significant.

3)– represented the death of plants.

4)a.i., active ingredient.

߄ 12ǵ๴߻ନ૛ᏊࡼҔ 48 Ϻࡕ࿂ᅭᐋယǵಳǵਥᆶӄਲ਼ᗲख़Ƕ

Table 12. Leaf, stem, root and total plant fresh weight (g) of Jatropha curcas in the 48 days after treatment of pre-emergence herbicides.¹

Herbicide Rate

(kg ai ha^-1)⁴ Leaf Stem Root Total plant Control - 127.2(0)_b² 82.7(0)_b 31.7(0)_bc 241.6(0)_b Alachlor 2.50 84.0(34)_c 80.1(3)_b 20.5(35)_e 184.5(24)_c

1.25 118.2(7)_b 100.3(-7)_ab 28.7(9)_cd 247.2(-2)_b Atrazine 1.60 0.0(100)_e 0.0(100)_d 0.0(100)_f 0.0(100)_e

0.80 60.0(53)_d 50.1(39)_c 21.3(33)_e 131.4(46)_d Butachlor 1.50 109.1(14)_b 88.7(-7)_b 38.0(-20)_ab 235.7(2)_b

0.75 167.1(-31)_a 119.1(-44)_a 41.2(-30)_a 327.4(-35)_a Diuron 2.00 0.0(100)_e 0.0(100)_d 0.0(100)_f 0.0(100)_e

1.00 42.5(67)_d 49.2(40)_c 7.0(78)_f 98.7(59)_d Metribuzin 1.50 0.0(100)_e 0.0(100)_d 0.0(100)_f 0.0(100)_e 0.75 0.0(100)_e 0.0(100)_d 0.0(100)_f 0.0(100)_e Pendimethalin 1.25 124.2(2)_b 89.9(-9)_b 29.4(7)_cd 243.5(-1)_b

0.63 133.1(-5)_b 82.9(0)_b 23.3(27)_de 239.2(1)_b

F-vaule 59.96^**3 31.47^** 40.47^** 52.26^**

1)The inhibitions in percentage relative to untreated control are highlighted in parentheses.

2)Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different (Duncan test, p = 0.05)

3)** Significant at 1%.

4)a.i., active ingredient.

߄ 13ǵ๴߻ନ૛ᏊࡼҔ 48 Ϻࡕ࿂ᅭᐋယǵಳǵਥᆶӄਲ਼ଳख़Ƕ

Table 13. Leaf, stem, root and total plant dry weight (g) of Jatropha curcas in the 48 days after treatment of pre-emergence herbicides.¹

Herbicide Rate

(kg ai ha^-1)⁴ Leaf Stem Root Total plant Control - 16.9(0)_b² 15.8(0)_b 6.2(0)_a 38.9(0)_bcd Alachlor 2.50 10.9(36)_c 16.8(-6)_b 3.6(41)_bcd 31.3(20)_de 1.25 16.9(0)_b 24.1(-52)_a 6.2(0)_a 47.2(-21)_ab Atrazine 1.60 0.0(100)_e 0.0(100)_c 0.0(100)_e 0.0(100)_f

0.80 7.1(58)_d 21.3(-35)_ab 3.3(47)_cd 31.7(18)_de Butachlor 1.50 15.2(10)_b 20.3(-28)_ab 6.6(-7)_a 42.1(-8)_bc 0.75 21.5(-27)_a 24.6(-55)_a 7.2(-16)_a 53.2(-37)_a Diuron 2.00 0.0(100)_e 0.0(100)_c 0.0(100)_e 0.0(100)_f

1.00 6.1(64)_d 16.9(-7)_b 2.5(59)_d 25.5(34)_e Metribuzin 1.50 0.0(100)_e 0.0(100)_c 0.0(100)_e 0.0(100)_f 0.75 0.0(100)_e 0.0(100)_c 0.0(100)_e 0.0(100)_f Pendimethalin 1.25 14.7(13)_b 15.6(1)_b 4.8(22)_b 35.1(10)_cde

0.63 14.2(16)_b 15.2(4)_b 4.2(33)_bc 33.6(14)_cde

F-vaule 59.78^**3 21.47^** 37.19^** 36.69^**

1)The inhibitions in percentage relative to untreated control are highlighted in parentheses.

2)Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different (Duncan test, p = 0.05)

3)** Significant at 1%.

4)a.i., active ingredient.

߄ 14ǵ๴ࡕନ૛ᏊࡼҔࡕ࿂ᅭᐋਲ਼ଯϐᡂϯǶ

Table 14. Changes in plant height (cm) of Jatropha curcas after application of post-emergence herbicides.

Herbicide Rate (kg ai ha^-1)⁴

Day after treatment (DAT)

8 16 24 48

Control -- 46.0_a¹ 52.0_a 57.7_a 71.8_a 2,4-D 2.00 31.8_ef 28.8_e –³ –

1.00 36.9_cd 36.8_c 29.5_d 27.0_e Bentazon 1.50 33.0_def 34.6_cd 40.4_c 58.5_bc

0.75 35.0_de 36.1_c 44.3_c 57.5_c Fluazifop-butyl 0.25 41.6_b 46.0_b 50.0_b 63.5_b 0.13 46.2_a 50.2_a 56.3_a 70.8_a

Glufosinate 1.00 30.5_f – – –

0.50 40.8_bc – – –

Glyphosate 2.50 32.2_ef 31.5_de 28.8_d 26.0_e 1.25 33.1_def 33.5_cd 32.5_d 32.5_d

Triclopyr 1.00 40.2_bc – – –

0.50 43.1_ab – – –

F-vaule 16.25^**2 353.89^** 254.92^** 275.31^**

1)Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different (Duncan test, p = 0.05)

2)** Significant at 1%.

3)– represented the death of plants.

4)a.i., active ingredient.

߄ 15ǵ๴ࡕନ૛ᏊࡼҔࡕ࿂ᅭᐋಳ৩ϐᡂϯǶ

Table 15. Changes in stem diameter (cm) of Jatropha curcas after application of post-emergence herbicides.

Herbicide Rate (kg ai ha^-1)⁴

Day after treatment (DAT)

8 16 24 48

Control -- 1.34_a¹ 1.47_a 1.56_a 1.78_a 2,4-D 2.00 1.08_cdef 0.98_e –³ –

1.00 0.98_f 1.13_bcd 1.07_cd 1.40_b Bentazon 1.50 0.99_f 1.02_de 1.17_c 1.46_b 0.75 1.09_cdef 1.16_bc 1.32_b 1.63_a Fluazifop-butyl 0.25 1.14_bcd 1.25_b 1.42_b 1.69_a 0.13 1.35_a 1.39_a 1.57_a 1.80_a Glufosinate 1.00 1.13_bcde – – –

0.50 1.19_bc – – –

Glyphosate 2.50 1.01_def 1.01_e 0.96_e 0.95_c

1.25 1.10_bcdef 1.05_cde 1.06_de 1.06_c

Triclopyr 1.00 1.00_ef – – –

0.50 1.22_b – – –

F-vaule 9.99^**2 218.62^** 357.24^** 198.71^**

1)Means followed by the same letter within a column are not significantly different (Duncan test, p = 0.05)

2)** Significant at 1%.

3)– represented the death of plants.

4)a.i., active ingredient.

߄ 16ǵ๴ࡕନ૛ᏊࡼҔࡕ࿂ᅭᐋϩ݄ኧϐᡂϯǶ

Table 16. Changes in branch number of Jatropha curcas after treatment of post-emergence herbicides.¹

Table 16. Changes in branch number of Jatropha curcas after treatment of post-emergence herbicides.¹

在文檔中 痲瘋樹可用除草劑之篩選 (頁 40-97)