Due to the growth of e-learning Standards, more and more institutes are developing the related tools, such as authoring tools and learning management systems. As many learning activity compliant with LD are generated, how to retrieve and how to reuse them will be critical issues. Thus, in this thesis, we propose a reusing learning activity mechanism, called Learning Activity Recommendation (LAR) Scheme, to achieve the purposes that search efficiently and reuse the LD compliant learning activities. According to the multiple similarity calculations, LAR can help users to find the learning activity they desired. In the framework, we also adopt the expert system shell, DRAMA, to handle the interactive input interface and the generation of the similarity equation. In summary, LAR is full of flexibility and scalability to simplify the process of editing learning activity compliant with LD. We also adopt the pedagogy theory, Bloom, to extend the framework of LAR. The experimental results are also shown to verify the similarity functionality.
In the near future, we will improve the data representation of Computable Activity (CA) for enhancing its scalability, such as to calculate the multi-role scenario of Learning Design. Then, the similarity functions will be extended to support more pedagogy theory, and we’ll develop a LAR system. Besides, LAR can adopt the retain mechanism of CBR. Therefore, the LAR can recommend more adaptive learning activities to users.
References
[1] Alliance for Remote Instructional and Authoring and Distribution Networks for Europe (ARIADNE) 2004, ARIADNE: Foundation for The European
Knowledge Pool. http://www.ariadne-eu.org
[2] AUTC (2002). AUTC conference: Reusable Learning Designs: opportunities and challenges. University of Technology, Sydney, December 2002. [Online]
http://www.iml.uts.edu.au/autc/ [30th July 2003]
[3] Anderson, W., Sosniak, L. A. (Eds) (1994). “Bloom’s taxonomy: A forty-year retrospective”. Chicago, IL: The National Society for the Study of Education.
[4] Anderson, W., Krathwohl, D. R. (Eds) (2001). “A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom’s educational objectives”. New York, NY: Longman.
[5] BMC Remedy Service Management
http://www.remedy.com/solutions/services/education/lpc.htm [6] CETIS (2003a). Pedagogy Forum. [Online]
http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/pedagogy/ [30th July 2003]
[7] CETIS (2003b). RELOAD: Reusable E-Learning Object Authoring and Delivery.
[Online] http://www.cetis.ac.uk/members/x4l/articles/reload [30th July 2003]
[8] CopperCore, http://coppercore.org/
[9] Design, Standards, and Reusability,
http://www.downes.ca/cgi-bin/website/view.cgi?dbs=Article&key=1059622263 [10] Downes, S. (2003). Design, Standards and Reusability. [Online]
http://www.downes.ca/cgibin/website/view.cgi?dbs=Article&key=1059622263 [30th July 2003]
[11] Griffiths, D. (2003). SCOPE: Structuring Content for Online Publishing
Environments. [Online] http://www.tecn.upf.es/scope/ [30th July 2003]
[12] Harper, B. & Oliver, R. (2002). Reusable Learning Designs: information and communication technologies and their role in flexible learning. Presentation for the “AUTC Reusable Learning Designs: opportunities and challenges”
Conference, UTS, Sydney, December 2002. [Online],
http://www.learningdesigns.uow.edu.au/ Publications/AUTCICTProject.ppt [30th July 2003]
[13] LOM Standard, http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/20020612-Final-LOM-Draft.html [14] Laurillard, D. (2002). Design Tools for E-learning. Keynote presentation for
ASCILITE2002.[Online],
http://www.unitec.co.nz/ascilite/proceedings/papers/key_laurillard.pdf [30th July 2003]
[15] Lin, Y.T., Tseng, S.S., Tsai, C.F. (2003), “Design and implementation of new object-oriented rule base management system”, Expert Systems with
Applications, vol. 25, pp. 369-385, 2003.
[16] Learning Design Issuse: Learning Object, JISC.
http://www.jiscinfonet.ac.uk/InfoKits/effective-use-of-VLEs/designing-for-sustai nability/designing-issues-learning-objects
[17] Learning Design and reuseability, Wilbert Kraan, CETIS staff (2003).
http://www.cetis.ac.uk/content/20030902133812
[18] IEEE Learning Technology Standards Committee (LTSC) 2004, IEEE LTSC | WG12, http://ltsc.ieee.org/wg12/
[19] IMS (Instructional Management System), http://www.imsproject.org/
[20] IMS Learning Design Information Model Version1.0 Final Specification [21] Jones, E.R. (2004), Dr. Ed’s SCORM Course,
http://www.scormcourse.jcasolutions.com/index.php
[22] Kraan, W. (2002). DfES' e-learning guru: Learning Design is the way ahead.
[Online] http://www.cetis.ac.uk/content/20020930092048 [30th July 2003]
[23] Koper, R. (2001). From change to renewal: Educational technology foundations of electronic environments. EML website. [Online]. Available:
http://www.eml.ou.nl/ [30th April 2001]
[24] Karampiperis, P. Sampson, D. (2004), “A Flexible Authoring Tool Supporting Learning Activities”. In Prc. Of LADIS Internation Conference on cognition and Exploratory Learning in Digital Age.
[25] Oliver, R., Harper, B., Hedberg, J., Wills, S., Agostinho, S. (2002) “Exploring strategies to formalise the description of learning designs”. J. Herrington (Eds.) Proceedings of HERDSA. Joondalup: Edith Cowan University, 2002.
[26] RELOAD, http://www.reload.ac.uk/
[27] SCORM (Sharable Content Object Reference Model), http://www.aslnet/orgScorm/scorm.cfm
[28] Sequencing and Navigation (SN) 2004, ‘Sharable Content Object Reference Model (SCORM) Sequencing and Navigation (SN) Version 1.3’, Advanced Distributed Learning.
http://www.adlnet.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=DownFile&libid=648&bc=false [29] Tattersall, C. (2003). EML and IMS Learning Design. Presentation for the
Valkenburg Group,Vancouver, February 2003.
[30] Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals, Handbook Ⅰ: Cognitive domain. New York, NY: Longman, Green.
[31] Valkenburg Group (2003). Valkenburg Group. [Online], http://www.valkenburggroup.nl/ [30th July 2003]
Appendix A
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsd:schema xmlns:xsd=http://www.w3.org/2005/XMLSchema targetNamespace=http://e-learning.nctu.edu.tw xmlns=”http://e-learning.nctu.edu.tw/XMLSchema elementFromDefault=”qualified”>
<xsd:element name=”extension_LD”>
<xsd:compexType content=”elementOnly”>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name=” learning_target_info” type=”LTI”/>
<xsd:element name=” pedagogy_involved” type=”Pedagogy”>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:compexType>
</xsd:element>
<xsd:complexType name=”LTI” content=”elementOnly”>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name=” suitable-learning-target” type=”string”/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:compexType>
<xsd:complexType name=” Pedagogy” content=”elementOnly”>
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name=” Bloom” type=”BloomType”/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:compexType>
<xsd:complexType name=” BloomType” >
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:element name=” learning activity” type=”string”/>
< xsd:element name=” Taxonomy” type=”string”/>
</xsd:sequence>
</xsd:compexType>
</xsd:schema>