There is one more question: if the theme of chain/disintegration of family keeps appearing in Chang’s works, is it possible that what Chang expresses in his photographs is his own symptom? In a resent address, when Chang was asked this question, he denied. However, in the book Magnum Stories, Chang writes,
Something bothers you until you do something about it, and taking pictures is what I do. I just go in. I don’t have a preconceived plan.
I don’t know what’s going to come out of the end of the tunnel, but I just launch in and experience it. (83)
We can still tell from his words that photography is the way out for him to deal with his problems.
It seems that his own fantasy leads him to concern the theme of chain/disintegration of family. However, while he tries to deal with this theme, he avoids the complicated social reality in different issues. It is worth noting that the family in Chang’s photographs appears to be horizontal, instead of vertical. It is easy for us to recognize the chain and the split of the
chain but hard to see the complex connection between or among different generations.57 It appears that what he cannot face directly lies in the vertical aspect of each issue. In Chang’s photographs, the subjects appear alienated;
the chain among them is split. However, although they appear alienated in photographs, it does not mean that their relations are always alienated in reality. To some extent, their alienation seems to come from Chang’s distance or his alienation from the subjects. In other words, the chain between Chang and part of the world appears to some extent split. The repetition of the same theme in different series of photographs appears to be the chain for him to connect the split chain and the photographs he takes seem to be a fantasy that stands as his symbolic act to deal with his personal contradiction with reality. As he keeps taking photographs, he seeks to answer his questions; meanwhile, he seems to ask more questions to produce the lack, to avoid the gaze, and to keep seeking answers so that he may maintain his existence in the symbolic order.
57 Here, I point to the three photobooks. Perhaps we can see the complex connection among generations in the photographs in “Family Album” and “Divided Lives” later.
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Figures
Chien-Chi Chang and Magnum Photos do not authorize the online
publication of the photographs. Please check the hard copies of this thesis.
Appendix A: About Chien-Chi Chang
Chien-Chi Chang was born in 1961 in central Taiwan. He graduated from the Department of English Languages and Literatures at Soochow University (Taiwan) in 1984, and the Institute of Instructional Systems Technology at Indiana University (the United States) in 1989. Photography, for him as a hobby in the past, drowned him into its field since he joined the students’ newspaper at Indiana University, which offered him the chance to learn the works in newspaper with other schoolmates, who came mostly from the Department of Journalism. After graduation, he worked as a photography intern for Seattle and National Geographic in 1990, a staff photographer at the Seattle (Washington) Times from 1991 to 1993, and at the Baltimore (Maryland) Sun in 1994. Thus, he is well-experienced in the work of newspaper. Besides, he also joined the Missouri Photo Workshop in 1989 and Eddie Adams Workshop in 1991, learning photography from some seniors (such as Eugene Richards) in this field. However, he chose to quit the job, becoming a freelancer, in order to shoot the subjects he is interested in and to present the images in the way he wants rather than following the assignment of the editors.
Chang decided to be a photographer in his graduate study but he soon
received many prestigious awards, such as the First Place in the category of
“Daily Life” in World Press Photo (Holland) in 1999 and the 20th Annual W.
Eugene Smith Grant in Humanistic Photography. He was nominated to join Magnum Photos in 1995 and became a full member in 2001. The books he has published are I Do I Do I Do (2001), The Chain (2002), and Double Happiness (2005). He now lives and works in Taipei and New York.