In this research we have proposed an application of RFID in the public transportation. A three-layer system architecture is proposed, consists of data capturing front-end which have the tag attached in every buses and reader located on every terminals bus stops, traffic lights and lamp posts; middleware systems where the data read by the reader is processed; and the application layer where the passengers can utilize the information on real-time bus location.
Potential benefits of the systems are investigated, and it is obvious that knowing the real time bus location will decrease the passengers waiting time, especially the perceived waiting time. The bus operator can utilize the number of buses efficiently, running fewer numbers of buses for the same service level, hence reducing the operating cost. The minimum-cost headway model is generated to verify the benefit. The objective function is to minimize the total system cost, which consists of bus operating cost and passengers waiting cost. The decision variable is to find the optimal service frequency, or known as the headway. Numerical examples are presented to examine the benefit of the proposed framework, and the results imply that the proposed system will benefit and decrease the system total cost. The sensitivity analysis also presented and the result shown that the system with RFID performs better than the one without.
Finally, our model clearly does not capture many of the complexities involved in the real world.
Hence, it is potential to relax some assumptions and make the model close by the real world, such us using the fleet size constraint, considering non-random passenger arrival, and conducting survey to get the waiting time function. It is also potential for future research in the transit route choice analysis which investigates the benefit of the real time information to minimize the total travel time of passengers.
References
[1] Angeles R. RFID technologies: supply-chain applications and implementation issues. Information System Management 2005; 22(1):51-65.
[2] Ben-Akiva M., SR Lerman. Discrete choice analysis. MIT Press 1985.
[3] Chuang ML, Shaw WH. How RFID will impact supply chain networks. IEEE International Engineering Management Conference. St.John’s Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada 2005.
[4] Gentile G., Nguyen S., Pallottino S. Route choice on transit networks with online information at stops.
Transportation Science 2005; 39(3):289-97.
[5] Hall RW. Passenger waiting time and information acquisition using Automatic Vehicle Location for verification.
Transportation Planning and Technology 2001;24:249-269.
[6] Hess DL, Brown J, Shoup D. Waiting for a bus. Journal of Public Transportation 2004; 7(4):67-84.
[7] Hickman M. Bus Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) Systems. In: Assessing the Benefits and Costs of ITS.
Springer 2006:59-88.
[8] Larson RC, Odoni AR. Urban Operation Research. Prentice-Hall. Englewood Cliffs 1981.
[9] Liard M, Schatt S. Consumer goods manufacturers continue to press forward with RFID adoption plans. ABI Research white paper.
[10] URL: <http://www.abiresearch.com/whitepaperDL.jsp?id=33>
[11] Li S, Visich JK. Radio frequency identification: supply chain impact and implementation challenges. International Journal of Integrated Supply Management 2006; 2(4):407-424.
[12] Margiuer PHJ, Ceder A. Passengers waiting strategies for overlapping bus routes. Transportation Science Journal 1984; 18(3): 207-30.
[13] McLeod F. Estimating bus passenger waiting times from incomplete bus arrivals data. Journal of the Operational Research Society 2007; 58:1518-25.
[14] Menezes B., Laddhad K, Karthik. Challenges in RFID deployment – a case study in public transportation.
International Conference on E-Governance 2006.
[15] Mishalani RG, McCord MM. Passenger wait time perceptions at bus stops: empirical results and impact on evaluating Real-Time Bus Arrival Information. Journal of Public Transportation 2006; 9(2):89-106.
[16] Ngai EWT, Moon KKL., Riggins FJ, Yi CY. RFID Research: an academic literature review (1995-2005) and future research directions. International Journal of Production Economics 2007; 112:510-20.
[17] RFID Journal. URL: <www.rfidjournal.com/article/articleview/641/1/1/>
[18] Rotil Communications BV.
[19] URL: <http://www.rotil.nl/communications/products/rfid.en.php>
[20] Seddon PA., Day MP. Bus passenger waiting time in Greater Manchester. Traffic Engineering Control 1974;
15:442-445.
[21] Taghaboni DF, Velthouse B. RFID technology is revolutionary: who should be involved in this game of tag?
Academy of Management Perspectives 2006; 20(4):65–78.
[22] Tajima M. Strategic value of RFID in supply chain management. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management 2007; 13:261-273.
[23] Wyld DC. RFID 101: The next big thing for management. Management Research News 2006; 29(4):154-73.
[24] Zolfaghari S, Azizi N, Jaber MY. A model for holding strategy in public transit systems with real-time
information. International Journal of Transport Management 2004; 2:99-110.
國科會補助專題研究計畫成果報告自評表
國科會補助專題研究計畫項下出席國際學術會議心得報告
日期：100 年 10 月 31 日
計畫編號 NSC 99－2221－E－011－031－
計畫名稱 公共運輸即時資訊對乘客運營效率改善之研究 出國人員
姓名 周碩彥 服務機構
及職稱 國立臺灣科技大學工業管理系 會議時間
100 年 7 月 17 日 至
100 年 7 月 23 日
會議地點 Munich, Germany
會議名稱
(中文)
電子電機工程師協會電腦軟體及應用研討會(英文)
IEEE Computer Software and Applications Conference發表論文 題目
(中文)
(英文)
與會心得
主持人於 100 年 7 月 17 日至 7 月 23 日赴德國慕尼黑參加 IEEE 國際研討會
「COMPSAC 2011: The Computed World: Software Beyond the Digital Society」，這 是第 35 屆國際電腦軟體與應用之年度會議，會中探討電算世界中的軟體議題，
藉由此研討會來了解目前趨勢及未來展望。
主持人為本研討會中其中一個 Workshop 的委員會會員(Committee Member)，
此 Workshop 為服務科學與系統的第五次國際研討會(the Fifth International
Workshop on Service Science & Systems)，該領域亦為主持人近期發展之重心之一。
和本計畫的相關性為利用科技性之技術來提升服務系統的效率，亦是服務科學領
該研討會為 Computer Software and Applications Conference，這是該領域最主 要的國際研討會，會議出席者為來自世界各地的從業人員和工業界及學術界對其
國科會補助計畫衍生研發成果推廣資料表
日期:2011/10/30
國科會補助計畫
計畫名稱: 公共運輸即時資訊對乘客運營效率改善之研究 計畫主持人: 周碩彥
計畫編號: 99-2221-E-011-031- 學門領域: 資訊系統
無研發成果推廣資料
99 年度專題研究計畫研究成果彙整表
其他成果
會議名稱：IEEE 會議「 COMPSAC 2011: The Computed World: Software Beyond the Digital Society」, 35th Annual International Computer Software and Applications Conference
天數：7 天(2011/7/17~2011/7/23) 地點：Munich, Germany
Honors and Professional Affiliations
Best Paper, The 1st International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Service Science (IESS 2011), Sep. 20-22, 2011, Solo (Surakarta), Indonesia
Second Place (advisor to the team), The 2nd Campus Start-up Competition at National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 2011.
Editor, ISRN Applied Mathematics, 2011—
Editor, Advances in Internet of Things, 2011—
Board Member, Chinese Institute of Industrial Engineers, 2011—2012 Member of the Expert Review Panel, Hong Kong R&；D Center for Logistics and Supply Chain Management Enabling Technologies, 2011—2012
Research and Innovation Award, NTUST, 2010 (awarded for 2011—2013) Advisory Group, EURASIAPAC project, EU-FP7, 2010—2011
Board Member, Taiwan Association of System Science and Engineering, 2009—2011
Recent Services
Co-Chair, Int’l Workshop on the Internet of Things Workshop, held in conjunction with the 17th IEEE Int’l Conf. on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Tainan City, Dec. 7-9, 2011.
Keynote Speaker, Information System Int’l Conf., Dec. 3-5, 2011, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Guest Editor, S.-Y. Chou, F. Tsung, and A. Hou, Special Issue on Service Science, IJPE.
Keynote Speaker, The 1st Int’l Conf. on Industrial Engineering and Service Science (IESS 2011), Sep. 20-22, 2011, Solo (Surakarta), Indonesia.
Invited Talk, Summer School Program, August 4, Univ. of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan.
Coordinator, Zhejiang Province University Faculty Training Program, 5/21—6/11, 2011
Coordinator, Global Science Leader Forum, April 25-29, 2011, Grand Formosa Regent Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan. (Hosted by National Science Council)
General Chair, Int’l Conf. on Mass Customization and Personalization, Dec. 6-9, 2010, NTUST
Coordinator, Taiwan-Vietnam Education Forum, Nov. 29-Dec. 3, 2010, NTUST
成果項目 量化 名稱或內容性質簡述
測驗工具(含質性與量性) 0
課程/模組 0
電腦及網路系統或工具 0
教材 0
舉辦之活動/競賽 0
研討會/工作坊 0
電子報、網站 0
科 教 處 計 畫 加 填 項
目 計畫成果推廣之參與（閱聽）人數 0
國科會補助專題研究計畫成果報告自評表
獻，明白服務科學的發展與如何利用科學技術提升管理效能，並掌握差異資訊透通度與智 慧大眾運輸系統的服務滿意度的影響，這些有助於促進日後的成果技術轉移。此外，研究 生們也因本案的執行，不管是在學術上或實務上都能受到紮實、有效的訓練，並縮短理論 研究與應用實務的差距。最後，研究人員的素質提昇與經驗累積將有利在未來進行更具突 破性的研究貢獻，並拓展研究人員之視野及經驗。