In this dissertation we have presented an overview of the new constellation deployment theory, constellation spacecraft design, constellation mission operations, orbit-raising challenges, and lessons learned during the 19 month’s constellation deployment. We have also presented the constellation system performance, and the follow-on mission trade analysis results, and a proposed new spacecraft constellation system conceptual design with next-generation RO receiver onboard.
The F3 mission is the world’s first demonstration of near real-time operational GPS RO mission for global weather monitoring and we also verified a novel “proof-of-concept” way of performing constellation deployment by taking the advantage of Earth nodal precession principle. This advanced approach has dramatically reduced the spacecraft propellant mass and the complexity of the spacecraft propulsion and attitude control subsystem design.
Due to the great success of the innovative F3 mission, the goal of the follow-on mission is to transfer the mission from research to real-time operational with GPS/Galileo/GLONASS system tracking capabilities, a greatly improved constellation that would have significant impacts on future operational numerical weather prediction and research in the areas of weather, climate and space weather.
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Appendix Acronyms and Abbreviations
3D Three-dimensional
ABL Atmospheric Boundary Layer ACE Attitude Control Electronics ACS Attitude Control Subsystem AFWA Air Force Weather Agency
AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics ANT Antenna
AOL Argument of Latitude
ARM Amplitude-Retrieval Method
ARS Attitude Reference System
ATS-6 Applications Technology Satellite-6
BAMS Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society BCR Battery Charge Regulator
BOL Beginning of Life
BPM Back-Propagation Method
C/A Code Clear/Acquisition Code
Canada Met Canadian Meteorological Centre
CCSDS Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems CDAAC COSMIC Data Analysis and Archive Center C&DH Command and Data Handling
CG Center of Gravity
CHAMP Challenging Minisatellite Payload
COSMIC Constellation Observing Systems for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate mission
CPT Comprehensive Performance Test CSD Common Spacecraft Database
CSS Cosine Sun Sensors
CTM Canonical Transformation Method CWB Central Weather Bureau
DC Direct Current
dMdC Derivative of Battery Molecular to Charge E Eccentricity
ECMWF European Centre for Medium Range Forecasts EDU Engineering Development Unit
EHS Earth Horizon Sensor
EOL End of Life
EPS Electrical Power Subsystem ETE End-to-End
F Force
FB Firmware Build
FBK Fairbanks
FC Flight Computer
FCDAS Fairbanks Command and Data Acquisition Station FDC Failure Detection & Correction
FDF Flight Dynamics Facility
FM Flight Model
FO Follow-on
FORMOSAT-3 FORMOSA SATellite mission no.3 FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
FSIM Full-Spectrum-Inversion Method
FSW Flight Software Subsystem
GEOS-3 Geodetic and Earth Orbiting Satellite 3 GHe Gas-Helium
GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems GOM Geometrical Optics Method
GOX GPS Occultation Receiver GPS Global Positioning System
GPS-ARC GPS Scientific Application Research Center GPS/MET GPS/Meteorology
GPSR Global Positioning System Receiver GRACE Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment I Inclination
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IGS International GPS Service
IOP Intensive Operation Period
IOX Ionospheric Occultation Experiment
Isp Specific Impulse
I&T Integration and Test
JMA Japan Meteorological Agency JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory K Kelvin
KOMPSAT Korean Multi-Purpose Satellite LEO Low-Earth-Orbit LTS Local Tracking Stations
L&EO Launch and Early Orbit
MB Maga Byte
MEOP Maximum Expected Operating Pressure Météo-France French National Meteorological Service
MIU Mission Interface Unit
MOI Moment of Inertia
NSF National Science Foundation N Refractivity N2H4 Hydrazine
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction NCKU National Cheng-Kung University
NCTU National Chao-Tung University NCU National Central University
NCURO National Central University Radio Occultation NDM Navigation Data Messages
NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
NORAD North American Aerospace Defense Command NSC National Science Council
NSF National Science Foundation NSPO National Space Organization NRL Naval Research Laboratory
NRT Near Real Time
NTU National Taiwan University NWP Numerical Weather Prediction
OASYS Orbit Analysis System OCC Occultation
OL Open Loop
Orbital Orbital Sciences Corporation OSC Orbital Sciences Corporation P Pressure P Code Precision Code
PCM Power Control Module
PGA Pin Grid Array
PID Proportional-Integral-Derivative PL Payload
PLL Phase Lock Loop
POD Precision Orbit Determination
PVT Position/Velocity/Time
PW Precipitable Water
RAAN Right Ascension Ascending Node RCS Reaction Control Subsystem
RF Radio Frequency
RFS Radio Frequency Subsystem RHM Radio Holographic Method
RO Radio Occultation
ROC Republic of China ROM Radio Optics Method RTS Remote Tracking Stations SAA South Atlantic Anomaly
SAC-C Satellite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C
SAD Solar Array Drive S/C Spacecraft
SDRAM Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory SI International System of Units
SMA Semi-Major Axis
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
SOC State of Charge
SOCC Satellite Operations Control Center SOH State-of-Health SSM Sliding Spectral Method SSR Solid State Recorder
STOL Satellite Test and Operations Language T Temperature
TACC Taiwan Analysis Center for COSMIC
TanDEM-X TerraSAR-X add-on for Digital Elevation Measuremen
TAO Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
TBB Tri-Band Beacon
TBR To Be Resolved
TCS Thermal Control Subsyste TEC Total Electron Contents TIP Tiny Ionospheric Photometer TRO Tromso
TT&C Tracking, Telemetry and Command
UCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric Research UKMO UK Meteorological Office
USA United States of America
USN United Service Network
WMO World Meteorological Organization
Autobiography
Chen-Joe Fong ( 方 振 洲 ) received the B.S.E.E., M.S.E.E. and Ph. D. degrees in Electrophysics, Electro-optical engineering, and Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering from the National Chiao Tung University (NCTU), Hsinchu, Taiwan, in 1983, 1985 and 2009, respectively. He is the FORMOSAT-3 follow-on program Satellite Technical Manager and research fellow with the Systems Engineering Division, National Space Organization (NSPO), Hsinchu. For the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC mission, he is a program Systems Engineering Manager and also a Spacecraft Lead which responsible for the anomaly resolution team during mission operation phase. He has been with NSPO since 1993 and later acted as the Satellite Integration and Test (I&T) Project Manager of ROCSAT-1 program and the I&T Division Director. From 1987 to 1993, he was with the Center for Measurement Standards as a Microwave Lab Head and Systems Engineer in the Center for Aviation and Space Technology, Industrial Technology Research Institute, for the ROCSAT-1 program. His current research interests include incoherent time domain pump fiber Raman amplifier, optical soliton, GPS radio occultation, systems engineering, satellite test bed, spacecraft simulator, and mission simulation. Dr. Fong is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the Optical Society of America, the Optical Engineering Society of the Republic of China, the Aeronautical and Astronautical Society of the Republic of China, and Phi Tau Phi Scholastic Honor Society of the Republic of China.
PUBLICATION LIST of CHEN-JOE FONG (方振洲) (FORMOSAT-3 RELATED)
JOURNAL PAPERS/PERIODICALS:
1. C.-J. Fong, N. L. Yen, C.-H. Chu, C.-C. Hsiao, Y.-A. Liou, and S. Chi, “Space-based Global Weather Monitoring System – FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Constellation and its Follow-On Mission,” AIAA J. Spacecraft and Rockets, Submitted on 24 September 2008, Accepted on 7 January 2009.
2. C.-J. Fong, C.-Y. Huang, C.-H. Chu, N. L. Yen, Y.-H. Kuo, Y.-A. Liou, and S. Chi.,
“Mission Results from FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Constellation System,” AIAA J.
Spacecraft and Rockets, vol. 45, no. 6, pp 1293-1302. doi: 10.2514/1.34427, Nov./Dec.
2008.
3. C.-J. Fong, W.-T. Shiau, C.-T. Lin, T.-C. Kuo, C.-H. Chu, S.-K. Yang, N. L. Yen, S. S.
Chen, Y.-H. Kuo, Y.-A. Liou, and S. Chi, “Constellation Deployment for FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Mission,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 46, no. 11, pp.3367-3379. doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2005202, Nov. 2008.
4. C.-J. Fong, S.-K. Yang, C.-H. Chu, J.-J. Yeh, C.-T. Lin, T.-C. Kuo, T.-Y. Liu, N. L. Yen, S.-S. Chen, C.-Y. Huang, Y.-H. Kuo, Y.-A. Liou, and S. Chi, “FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Constellation Spacecraft System Performance: After One-Year in Orbit,” IEEE Trans.
Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 46, no. 11, doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2005203, Nov. 2008.
5. C.-Y. Huang, C. Z. Cheng, P. H. Lin, C.-J. Fong, J. Wicker, and C. C. Hsiao, “Radio Occultation Retrieval of Atmospheric Profiles in the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Mission:
Early Results,” Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (TAO), vol. 20, no. 1, doi:
10.3319/TAO.2008.04.24.01(F3C), Feb. 2009.
6. C.-J. Fong, N. Yen, V. Chu, E. Yang, A. Shiau, C.-Y. Huang, S. Chi, S.-S. Chen, Y.-A.
Liou and, Y. H. Kuo, “FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Spacecraft Constellation System,
Mission Results, and Prospect for Follow-on Mission,” Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (TAO), vol. 20, no. 1, doi:10.3319/TAO.2008.01.03.01(F3C), Feb.
2009.
7. Y.-A. Liou, A. G. Pavelyev, S.-F. Liu, A. A. Pavelyev, N. L. Yen, C.-Y. Huang, and C.-J. Fong, “FORMOSAT-3 GPS Radio Occultation Mission: Preliminary Results,”
IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 45, no. 10, doi:10.1109/TGRS.2007.903365, Oct. 2007.
CONFERENCE/WORKSHOP PAPERS:
1. Yuei-An Liou, An-Ming Wu, Wolfgang Rack, Hsin-Yin Lin, Nick L. Yen, and Chen-Joe Fong, “Observations of polar region by Formosat-2 and Formosat-3 space missions,”
AOGS 2009.
2. C.-J. Fong, N. Yen,.C.-H. Chu,.C.-C. Hsiao, Y.-C. Lin, S.-S. Chen, Y.-A. Liou, and S.
2. C.-J. Fong, N. Yen,.C.-H. Chu,.C.-C. Hsiao, Y.-C. Lin, S.-S. Chen, Y.-A. Liou, and S.