This dissertation contains three major works. In the first work, we propose a mobile broadband network architecture. In the second work, we discuss the resource manage-ment issue for the mobile broadband networks. In the last work, the power managemanage-ment issue for the mobile broadband networks is studied. In the following, we summarize this dissertation.
Chapter 3 includes our first two works. First, we have proposed a SIP-based mobile broadband network architecture which can support broadband networking services for a group of users who roam together. With multiple wireless interfaces, a SIP-MNG can provide dynamic bandwidth to internal users based on their bandwidth requirements.
Also, by allowing multiple sessions to share one interface, our system can help users or public transportation operators to save Internet access fees. To allow the SIP-MNG to stay off-line when there is no calling activity, we have proposed a push mechanism to “wake up” the SIP-MNG when necessary. The push approach can help to save call charges, network resource, and energy consumption, while maintaining global reachability of users. By interpreting SIP signaling, our RM and CAC mechanisms inside the SIP-MNG can guarantee QoS for users. We develop a prototype and some experimental results are presented. For IEEE 802.11, WCDMA, and PHS networks, we demonstrated that it is feasible to allow multiple stations to share one interface. It is also shown that, by cellular interfaces, the call setup time and handoff delay are longer than that by 802.11 interfaces, because connecting to the Internet via a cellular interface has to go through more networks.
Then, to reduce the effects of handoff and physical rate adaptation on QoS of users and mobile broadband networks, we have further proposed a CAC and a RA mechanisms over IEEE 802.11e multi-rate wireless networks. By upgrading/degrading resources allocated to calls, we can make better use of the network resource. We have also derived an analytical model to evaluate our system with multi-level QoS support. Three performance
metrics, blocking probability, dropping probability, channel utilization, have been derived.
Our numerical analysis shows the importance of CAC and RA mechanisms, especially when user mobility is high and fairness is important. Our simulation results also support our conclusions. Observing that a handoff in a wireless network with complete security support consume a long time, we propose a Dynamic Tunnel Establishing procedure and a seamless post-handoff method to provide mobile users the seamless handoff and continuous network connectivity over DHCP-based IEEE 802.11 wireless networks which support IEEE 802.11i. During a handoff, by using our proposed approach, the Probe-and-Decision phase can be reduced to less than 20–30 ms by adopting one of existing schemes [57, 23, 46, 63], and the three remaining phases, Execution, DHCP, and Upper Layer Adjustment phases, can be hidden by the tunneling services. Therefore, for a roaming MS, the continuous disconnected period with the Internet can be guaranteed to be less than 50 ms. So, a seamless handoff is concluded. In addition, the proposed method provides the same security level as the original IEEE 802.11i standard because, during a handoff, the moving MS is allowed to access the Internet only when it is permitted by the old AP and the old AP is trusted. Moreover, if there’s any improvement or change for the authentication and encryption methods, our seamless handoff mechanism still can work correctly because it doesn’t involve any modification to the authentication and encryption methods.
In Chapter 4, we have proposed three power saving class management schemes for a BS-MS pair in IEEE 802.16e wireless networks. They are FD, PSS-DB, and PSS-PI schemes. All these sleep scheduling methods conform to the sleep mechanism defined in IEEE 802.16e and easy to implement. The three schemes consider the maximum delay constraint, packet inter-arrival time, and data rate of connections to determine the parameters of PSCs. Multiple PSCs of type II are used to capture the sleep-active behavior contributed by real-time flows. One PSC of type I is used to handle non-real-time flows. For FD scheme, we have also proposed an earliest-next-bandwidth-first scheduler, which can guarantee the real-time flows’ delay constraints. Different from FD scheme, PSS-DB and PSS-PI assign each flow a PSC, so we can schedule the packet delivery by just following the active time of PSCs. In addition, for each real-time connection, PSS-DB considers the delay bound to assign the sleeping cycle while PSS-PI uses the packet inter-arrival time to assign the sleeping cycle. Furthermore, we suggest to use the PSS-PI when the packet size is small and the total bandwidth requirement of the MS is limited compared to B. Otherwise, we can adopt PSS-DB. We also prove that deciding whether a given scheduling problem is solvable can be reduced to a maximum matching problem, which can always be solved in polynomial time. Simulation results show that, compared to the single PSC solution, our schemes can save the MS’s energy even when there are
many real-time flows coexist while keep bandwidth utilization high under real-time flows’
delay constraints.
In Chapter 5, we propose a per-MS sleep scheduling scheme for multiple MSs under a BS in IEEE 802.16e wireless networks. PMSS scheme minimizes the overall power consumption of a MAN (metropolitan area network) while the QoS of each MS can be guaranteed. Besides, it conforms to the sleep mechanism defined in IEEE 802.16e and easy to implement. Compared to the previous work, our approach assigns and schedules type II PSCs for each MS by considering each of their QoS characteristics such that the sleep scheduling can more accurately capture each MS’s QoS requirement. This leads to each MS can sleep more and and the overall active frames of multiple MSs under a BS is significantly reduced.
Based on the results presented above, several issues worth further investigation are summarized as follows.
• It deserves to further test our designed SIP-based mobile broadband network on a moving cars and public transportation to evaluate the performance and then realize the mobile broadband network in the real world.
• In our current push mechanism, the wireless interface reconnection time takes the largest part of the time. Actually, there have be some research works focusing on similar problem [67, 41]. We believe that, with further study and improvement, it is able to shorten the reconnection time and make the push mechanism more practical.
• Our current cross-layer resource management mechanism focus on VoIP and IEEE 802.11e. In the future, we can further discuss how to apply the idea on more general kinds of real-time applications and more kinds of wireless network technologies, such as IEEE 802.16.
• It deserves to further discuss how to extend the post-handoff concept in more com-plicated wireless networks such as heterogeneous networks.
• Our current PSC management schemes assume fixed bit rate real-time flows. Al-though they are also applicable to variable bit rate real-time flows, the performance of power consumption and resource utilization must degrade. In this case, a further design for PSC management is needed. This deserves further study. Furthermore, considering that a radio has to consume additional power when switching from sleep to active or active to sleep, it is worth to further improve the PSC management schemes by taking this factor into consideration.
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