CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION
6.3 Contribution
participants are needed to analyze which factor improves users’ motivation. This paper had laid a foundation for future studies to improve adherence and apply to other health care fields.
6.3 Contribution
Various mobile apps were developed for exercise; however, less apps were validated to be useful to improve adherence. In this study, we have argued that presenting motivational messages in users’ mobile app can improve their motivation. In addition, presenting repetitive motivational messages had a combined effect especially for people with Thinking-type personalities. The two main contributions in this study are as follows.
One is the design artifact, namely Active Track. The artifact supports demonstration and an evaluation of how motivational messages improve the completion rate in the design science theory, and it also provides promising contributions for the persuasive system design in the field of health care. Through the implementation of “Personality”
and “Text Message” persuasive design rules, as well as “Repetitiveness”
improvement factor, the study validated that Active Track can help people improve their completion rate on exercise plans and reduce the risk of diseases. Not only can persuasive principles shape people’s attitude toward target behavior, but they indeed change people’s behavior, which was reflected on users’ enhancement on their completion rate. The other is the collected data. The experiment results in this study give directions for future design of a persuasive system. Additional findings are useful information for future application development and studies on the improvement of adherence in other professional fields. The artifact developed using ResearchKit also provides great information and knowledge sharing for other ResearchKit developers.
Active Track can be considered a foundation to develop advanced apps for specific diseases such as diabetes, asthma, and so forth. With these results, all research teams can make the best usage of ResearchKit modules to better design a more complicated artifact for different kinds of health care apps.
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Appendix A
Screenshots of the design artifact–Active Track
We used ResearchKit to develop an iOS application and published on the App Store for free download. The screenshots are shown below:
Figure A1. Example of consent document (English / Chinese)
Figure A2. Example of survey questions (English / Chinese)
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Figure A3. Main page of Active Track (English / Chinese)
Figure A4. Add New page (English / Chinese)
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Figure A5. Sport List page (English / Chinese)
Figure A6. Short survey for satisfaction (English / Chinese)
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Figure A7. Messages presented on Sport List (English / Chinese)
Figure A8. Messages presented on Main page (English / Chinese)
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Figure A9. Feedback information (English / Chinese)
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Questionnaire in the beginning of Active Track
Demographic survey questions 1. How old are you?
Hawaiian Native and Pacific Islander Other
5. Which description best describe your job type?
Professional, manager or administrative work Manual work
Customer interaction, entertainment, sales or other service-oriented work 6. How much do you weight?
_____
7. How many times do you exercise per week?
_____
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Myer-Briggs Type Indicator questionnaire for thinking and feeling preference by Katharine C. Briggs & Isabel Briggs Myers
Directions:
There are no “right“ or “wrong” answers to the questions on this inventory your answers will help to show how you like to look at things and how you like to go about deciding things. knowing your own preferences and learning about other peoples’ can help you understand whether your special strengths are, what kind of work you might enjoy and be successful doing, and how people with different preferences can relate to each other and be valuable to society.
Read each question carefully and select one of the two choices given, which applies to you, by circling to either “a” or “b”.
Part1: Which answer comes closer to telling how you usually feel or act?
1. Do you more often let
A. Your heart rule your head. Or B. Your head rule your heart?
2. Is it a higher compliment to be called
A. A person of real feeling, or
B. A consistently reasonable person?
3. Do you usually
A. Value sentiment more than logic, or B. Value logic more than sentiments?
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Part 2: Which word in each pair appeals to you more?
(Think what the word mean, not how they look or how they sound) 4. A. Convincing B. Touching 5. A. Benefits B. Blessings
6. A. Peacemaker B. Judge
7. A. Analyze B. Sympathize
8. A. Determined B. Devoted
9. A. Gentle B. Firm
10. A. Justice B. Mercy
11. A. Firm-minded B. Warm hearted
12. A. Feeling B. Thinking
13. A. Foresight B. Compassion
14. A. Hard B. Soft
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MBTI Scoring Sheet Directions:
Corresponding to your choice for each question. There are some points given locate the combination of questions & choice and circle the points in front of it.
Finally total up all the circled number points in each of the categories.
Table B1. The MBTI’s scoring sheet
Question Choice Point Choice Point
1. B 2 A 1
2. B 2 A 1
3. B 2 A 2
4. A 2 B 1
5. A 1 B 1
6. B 2 A 0
7. A 1 B 2
8. A 1 B 1
9. B 2 A 1
10. A 1 B 2
11. A 2 B 0
12. B 2 A 1
13. A 2 B 1
14. A 2 B 0
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1. Nothing feels better than a finished workout.
2. A bad day can be made better by going to the gym.
3. Good things come to those who sweat.
4. We don’t know how strong we are until being strong is our only choice.
5. Today I will love myself enough to exercise.
6. Think about how good you will feel when you done workout.
7. The only bad workout is the one that didn’t happen.
8. Sweat today, smile tomorrow.
9. No goal was ever met without a little sweat.
10. You are strong, fit and fabulous!
11. You are only one workout away from good mood.
12. Wake up with determination, go to bed with satisfaction!
13. You are doing a fabulous job!
14. You are amazing and beautiful everyday!
15. The best project you will ever work on is you!
16. Don’t stop until you are proud!
17. Build a better, stronger version of yourself!
18. Make yourself proud!
19. If you are looking for a sign to go workout, this is it. Go now!
20. Keep fit is form of self-respect.
21. The body achieved what the mind believes.
22. Take care of your body. It’s the only place you have to live in.
23. Get better one workout at a time, one day at a time, one meal at a time!
24. Sore today, strong tomorrow.
25. It’s never too late to become a fitter, healthier person.
26. Exercise for the pure, absolute joy!
27. Everyday is another chance to get stronger!
28. Three month from now you will thank yourself.
29. Fit is not a destination, it is a way of life.
30. A one hour workout is just 4 percent of your day!
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Logical messages:
1. Research show that even one session of exercise will enhance positive mood.
2. Research show that even one session of exercise enhance creative thinking.
3. Literature suggest that creative people use bodily movement to help overcome thinking blocks.
4. "Exercise is the single best thing you can do for your brain in terms of mood, memory, and learning." – US News and World Report.
5. The one habit nearly all highly successful people seem to have in common is exercise.
6. Barack Obama, president of the United States: Exercises for 45 minutes a day, six days per week.
7. Mark Zuckerberg, co-founder and CEO of Facebook: Works out at least three days per week.
8. American Heart Association Recommendations at least 150 minutes per week of moderate exercise or 75 minutes per week of vigorous exercise.
9. American Heart Association Recommendations exercise thirty minutes a day, five times a week to improve overall cardiovascular health.
10. Research suggests that exercise improve your learning ability and grow brain cells.
11. Doctors recommend use exercise to alleviate stress, anger, anxiety, and depression.
12. Studies show that exercise boost self-control and social activity.
13. It is well established by research that doing regular physical activity can make you feel good about yourself.
14. Strong scientific evidence shows that physical activity can help you maintain your weight over time.
15. Science shows that physical activity can reduce your risk of dying early from the leading causes of death, like heart disease and some cancers.
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16. Research suggests that regular physical activity is one of the most important things you can do for your health.
17. Research show that being physically active lowers your risk for two types of cancer: colon and breast.
18. Research shows that doing regular physical activity of at least a moderately intense level can slow the loss of bone density that comes with age.
19. Regular physical activity can help keep your thinking, learning, and judgment skills sharp as you age.
20. Research show that regular exercise can reduce your risk of depression and may help you sleep better.
21. Research show that you can put yourself at lower risk of dying early by doing at least 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity.
22. Study show that 30 minutes exercise a day in conjunction with a healthy diet can be effective in losing weight.
23. For health, doctors would "prescribe" at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise or 15 minutes of intense exercise a day.
24. Studies clearly show that regular exercise helps the heart.
25. Studies show that regular exercise Decreased risk of cardiovascular heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke.
26. Study show that exercise can improve sleep quality and help you get a better night’s rest.
27. Study show that in general, people who exercise regularly are healthier and get sick less often.
28. Physical activity stimulates the release of feel-good brain chemicals, including endorphins to help you relieve stress.
29. Research found that regular physical activity can increase your confidence.
30. There are scientific evidences that regular physical activity helps you increase energy levels.