Conclusions

This research was a snapshot of current ―Zuo Yuezi‖ postpartum care form in Taiwan from the point of view of Chinese medical doctors. Chinese and Taiwanese culture was the background of ―Zuo Yuezi‖ tradition, and the reasons of such practice were benefits for woman‘s reproductive health and culture continuation. However, the modernization of ―Zuo Yuezi‖ was seen in limitation of its ritual and social role. This process helped to limit harmful practices and misconceptions, but in the same time simplified this tradition and derived it from folklore and cultural background.

Prominent majority of distinguished ―Zuo Yuezi‖ elements was considered to have impact on postpartum woman‘s health. Multiple private experience of ―Zuo Yuezi‖ was a predictor for treating ―Zuo Yuezi‖ as important for a newborn, too.

Taboos of body hygiene, dirt and confinement as separation from others were disapproved, Most of contemporarily approved elements was related to diet.

―Zuo Yuezi‖ Centers were said to play an important role in commercialized postpartum care system in Taiwan.

The elders were most important knowledge source regarding ―Zuo Yuezi‖ for women, while TCM Gynecologists accumulated their knowledge by clinical experience.

Profession of Chinese medicine gynecologist was feminized; women were also the main participants of ―Zuo Yuezi‖. From several years, however, a newborn‘s father began play an important role in ―Zuo Yuezi‖ process.

This research provides a comprehensive description of professional group of Chinese medical Gynecologists. The ―Zuo Yuezi‖ elements‘ assay proposed in this research may be a reference for everyone involved in postpartum care practice and education.

By now, Taiwan ―Zuo Yuezi‖ will remain the resultant of ancient tradition, modern culture and medical industry interference. And as such, will be still a fascinating subject of further research for medical and social sciences.

140

Appendix I

台灣地區中醫婦科醫師對於民間做月子習俗認知之調查研究問卷

中國醫藥大學

中醫學系/ 學士後中醫學系

141

台灣地區中醫婦科醫師對於民間做月子習俗認知之調查研究

醫

醫師您好：

非常感謝您撥冗協助本研究之調查！本計畫希望借重您在執業過程累積協助產婦做月子之豐富經驗，對問卷中所整理的各項做月子習俗進行提出您的看法與評析；透過彙整台灣地區中醫師對於作月子習俗之意見，瞭解「做月子」在現今社會文化之所扮演之角色與重要性，嘗試提供產婦一套較符合現代需求之「做月子」

生活起居之建議。

本問卷共分為三部份：第一部份填寫「醫師基本資料」。第二部分請教您接觸「做月子」業務之經驗與意見。第三部分則請教您對於國內相關論文中所提及做月子之諸項習俗的專業意見。所有調查資料僅限學術研究分析之用，不會用於其他用途！若您對此份問卷有任何意見，您可以在問卷上直接進行問題、答案選項之修改，或寫下您寶貴建議。

為感謝您在忙碌的診務中撥空填寫本問卷，並請您協助於5月10日前將完成作答之問卷以回郵信封寄回。另隨本問卷致贈1000元禮券以表達本研究團隊誠摯的謝意！

非常感謝您的參與！

中國醫藥大學中醫學系/學士後中醫學系

蘇奕彰 / 陳立德主任敬上

聯絡人：夏羽/劉祐伶電話：04-22053366 分機 3105

142

第一部份醫師基本資料

出生日期：民國_年__月

性別：□男 □女

執業年資：_________年

目前主要執業的醫療機構為：

□中醫診所 □中醫醫院

□西醫地區醫院中醫科部 □西醫區域醫院中醫科部

□西醫醫學中心中醫科部

醫學專業教育背景：

您是否曾在教學醫院接受過中醫婦科的住院醫師訓練？

□否

□是，且受訓年資為：□一年 □兩年 □三年 □四年

您是否曾擔中醫婦科專科門診的看診醫師？

□否

□是，且看診年資為：□1-2 年 □3-4 年 □5-6 年 □7 年以上

您目前執業地點主要在台灣哪一地區？

□ A 北部

□ B 中部

□ C 南部

□ D 東部

□ E 離島

□中醫學系 □學士後中醫學系 □中醫師特考

□ 其他國家，請說明：

143

第二部份做月子相關背景因素探討

做月子現象普遍存在於社會之中，您認為其原因在於：（可複選）

□傳統文化之延續 □流行與商業行為

□對產婦生理有實質助益 □對產婦社會地位或心理有所助益

□產婦得以明正言順地休息，避開工作或日常勞動等

您認為下列何者是台灣做月子現象的主要背景基礎？（可複選）

□台灣傳統文化 □華人傳統文化

□現代醫學學理 □傳統中醫學理

□民俗醫療 □如有其他因素，請說明：__________________________

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，現代婦女是從何處獲得做月子的資訊？

（可複選）

□從長輩（媽媽、婆婆）處得知 □朋友或家人的經驗 □電視節目

□以做月子為主題之書籍 □報章、雜誌 □網路

□學校教育 □其他，例如_________________________________

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，下列何者是決定產婦做月子方式的重

要因素？（選出最重要的三個）

□產婦的職業類別 □產婦的教育程度 □家庭經濟狀況 □之前做月子的經驗 □產婦與新生兒的健康狀況

□產婦所居住的地區

□如有其他因素，請說明：___________________________________

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，參與決定產婦如何做月子的通常是下列何

人（選出最重要的三個）？

□產婦自己 □孩子的父親 □產婦的媽媽

□婆婆 □其他親屬（指上述以外的親友）

□進行產檢與接生的醫師 □其他醫護人員

□如有其他因素，請說明：___________________________________

144

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，產婦最常選擇以下何地點做月子？請

您依序填入：1、2，……。

□產婦自己家 □娘家 □婆家 □做月子中心

□其他地方，請說明：______________________________

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，您認為產婦做月子的地點對於「做月

子的品質」重不重要？

□不重要

□重要。那麼，請問您認為以下何地點最適宜產婦做月子，請依序填入：1、2，……。

□產婦自己家 □娘家 □婆家 □做月子中心 □其他地點，請說明：______________________________

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，在產婦做月子期間，主要照顧產婦的

通常為以下何者？請依序填入：1、2，……。

□媽媽 □婆婆 □孩子的父親

□其他親屬 □傭人 □專業護理人員

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，若產婦在家中做月子，通常會由誰照

顧新生兒？請依序填入：1、2，……。

□產婦自己 □媽媽 □婆婆 □孩子的父親 □其他親屬

□傭人 □專業護理人員

10.

您認為做月子期間應該持續多久？請填入天數： __________ 天。

11.

懷孕三個月內，孕婦若流產了，您認為是否需要做月子？

□是，做月子的方式與一般產婦相同。

□是，做月子的方式與一般產婦不同。

□否，流產不需要做月子。 □不一定，依照孕婦的情形而決定

12.

根據您的臨床觀察，婦女最常抱怨自己因月子沒有做好而出現以

下何種症狀？（可複選）

145

□乳汁不足 □腰酸背痛 □手腳冰冷 □子宮下垂

□容易頭痛、暈眩 □月經失調 □體質弱化

□較快老化，更年期提早 □下一胎小孩體質較弱

□其他，請說明：__________________________________

146

13.

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，產婦月子做地不好的話，會有什麼後

遺症？（可複選）

□乳汁不足 □腰酸背痛 □手腳冰冷 □子宮下垂

□容易頭痛、暈眩 □月經失調 □體質弱化

□較快老化，更年期提早 □下一胎小孩體質較弱

□不會有任何後遺症 □其他，請說明：__________________

14.

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，如果月子沒有做好，多久之後會出現

後遺症？

□在做月子結束後立即出現

□大約在做月子結束後的______年以後會出現

□在更年期後出現

□不一定會出現

15.

請問您認為「月子做不好」是指在做月子期間：（可複選）

□缺乏人照顧 □做月子時間太短 □沒有隔離

□沒有補身 □進補過度 □碰水、洗頭洗澡 □吹風受寒

□工作勞動如做家事等 □攝取禁忌食物，比如生冷寒燥食物

□觸犯社會行為禁忌，如拿香、串門子等

16.

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，是否曾有婦女刻意懷孕，希望透過做

月子來改善體質？

□是，我曾經遇過基於此種考量的孕婦。

□否，我未曾遇過基於此種考量的孕婦。

17.

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，您認為「做月子」重不重要？

□非常重要，一定要做 □重要，最好要做

□看產婦體質，有人需要做，有人不需要 □沒意見，可做可不做

□不重要，不做沒關係 □完全沒必要

18.

請問您對於做月子習俗的知識或理論是來自於（可複選）：

□學校婦產科課程教育 □執業或臨床實務 □專科繼續教育

□教學研究 □專業學術雜誌 □媒體報導 □家庭經驗

147

19.

請問您直接參與「自己、家人與親友」做月子的次數為：

□一次 □二次 □三次 □四次 □五次以上

20.

請問您最近（近五年來）執業上接觸做月子的次數及內容為何？

（可複選）

a. □做月子實務（例如：開做月子之處方及藥膳給產婦）。

→是否是常態業務？ □是 □否

→每月案例（大約）：□1-5 件 □6-20 件

□21-100 件 □100 件以上。

b. □民眾教育、諮詢。

→是否是常態業務？ □是 □否

→每月次數（大約）：□1-5 次 □6-10 件

□11-20 件 □21 件以上

21.

請問您是否有講授過與做月子相關之課程或推廣經驗？

□否

□是，授課地點為：□大學相關系所（可複選） □教學醫院/醫學會 □地方醫師公會

□做月子中心

□學生或民間社團

138

第三部份對於做月子各項習俗之評析與看法

本研究小組回顧國內以「做月子習俗」為主題的 30 餘本研究論文，將做月子期間應遵守與避免的習俗內容整理

於下表。請您根據您的臨床觀察與經驗：

A. 對各項做月子生活宜忌的設計是基於對於產婦或嬰兒健康之考量因素，或由於文化民俗或宗教等背景因素進行勾選。

B. 選出您對各項做月子生活宜忌之認知，包括：「同意」、「無意見」及「不同意」。

C. 若您對此項生活宜忌有任何評議或補充說明，則記錄於「補充意見」一欄。

編

號做月子具體生活宜忌

考量因素及形成背景

（可複選）您對此項目之認知

補充意見

產婦健康

嬰兒健康

文化民俗

宗教

因素同意無意見不同意

01

生活

產婦宜坐不宜躺

02

^{產婦應該多臥床休息}

03

^{產婦應盡量避免走動}

04

產婦避免爬樓梯、彎腰、蹲、站

等姿勢

05

產婦做月子期間不勞動，包括家

務勞動、過度勞動等

06

^禁房事

148

139

07

^起

居

生活起居

產婦避免情緒起伏與哭泣

08

產婦不做費眼力活動，比如看

書、電視、穿針等

09

產婦不可吹風、不用冷氣電扇等

10

產婦應隨時穿長袖長褲，不穿短

袖短褲

11

產婦應隨時綁頭巾或戴帽

12

^{產婦應隨時綁肚子}

13

^{產婦不可以冷水洗手}

14

^{做月子期間不能洗澡}

15

^{做月子期間不能洗頭}

16

^{產婦不可化妝}

17

^{產婦應儘量避免外出}

18

^{產婦忌陽光直接照射}

19

家人協助產婦擦洗身體

20

產婦應該自己帶新生兒

21

產婦的衣服不和家人的衣服在同

地洗曬

22

小孩子不能從晾曬的產婦衣服底

下穿過

23

產婦不和家人同桌吃飯

24

產婦除餵奶之外，應與嬰兒隔離

149

140

141 食

飲

食

補湯」

41

產婦應服用中藥「生化湯」

42

產婦應多服用中藥「杜仲」

43

^{產婦應多食用羊肉}

44

產婦應多吃桔餅或陳皮

45

^{產婦應吃油飯}

46

^{產婦應多吃魚}

47

^{產婦應多食用粥品}

48

產婦應吃紅糖料理之食物

49

^{做月子期間應吃餃子}

50

^{產婦做月子應吃麵線}

51

產婦做月子期間應多食用以薑烹

調的料理

52

產婦做月子應多食用麻油雞、雞

湯、雞精

53

^{產婦應多吃蛋}

54

產婦做月子期間應多吃青菜

55

產婦做月子期間應多吃水果

56

^{做月子期間應吃豬心}

57

^{做月子期間應吃豬肝}

58

做月子期間應吃豬腰子

59

^{做月子期間應吃豬腳}

142

151

142

60

飲

食

產婦生產後第一周內應避免進食用酒類料理的食物

61

產婦生產後第一周內禁吃麻油料

理的食物

62

產婦做月子期間忌服用人蔘

63

產婦忌吃生冷寒涼食物

64

做月子期間忌油膩食物

65

做月子產婦不能吃民俗概念中的

毒性食物，如特定種類的魚、

鴨、鵝肉等

66

產婦做月子期間不能吃堅硬食物

68

做月子期間忌辛燥食物

69

產婦應少吃酸味或醋調食物

非常感謝您的協助與意見！

184143

152

153

Appendix II. Approval and Affiliation of Elements

Table.I. List of mostly approved elements by approval rate.

Number 6 Table 4.30 Postpartum woman should maintain sexual

abstinence 94.9

39 Table 4.63 Postpartum woman should complement (replete)

nutritional deficiencies 94.9

63 Table.4.87 Postpartum woman should not eat it cold and

cold dishes 94.9

7 Table 4.31 Postpartum woman should avoid mood swings

and crying 92.3

38 Table 4.62 Postpartum woman should eat food of high

nutritional value 92.3

68 Table 4.92 Postpartum woman should not consume ―dry-

hot‖ dishes 92.3

4 Table 4.28 Postpartum woman should avoid climbing stairs,

bending the lumbar spine, squatting, standing 89.7 5 Table 4.29 Postpartum woman should avoid working, house

work 89.7

60 Table 4.84

Postpartum woman during the first week of postpartum should avoid taking meals cooked with the alcohol

87.2

37 Table 4.61 Postpartum woman should eat and drink warm or

hot 84.6

64 Table 4.88 Postpartum woman should not eat fatty foods 84.6 67 Table.4.91 Postpartum woman should not use salt and

alkaline food 84.6

41 Table 4.65 Postpartum woman should use "Shenghua Tang"

decotion 82.1

46 Table 4.70 Postpartum woman should eat more fish 79.5 27 Table 4.51 Postpartum woman is not allowed to lose weight

during ―Zuo Yuezi‖ 76.9

154

42 Table 4.66 Postpartum woman should consume "Duzhong" 74.4

54 Table 4.78 Postpartum woman should eat more vegetables 74.4

2 Table 4.26 Postpartum woman should lie down and rest a

lot 69.2

8 Table 4.32 Postpartum woman should avoid eye-straining

activities such as reading, watching TV, knitting 69.2 36 Table 4.60 Postpartum woman should adapt a light diet 66.7

40 Table 4.64 Postpartum woman should use TCM tonics and

meals prepared with the use of Chinese herbs 64.1 61 Table.4.85

Postpartum woman during the first week of postpartum should avoid taking meals with sesame oil

64.1

13 Table 4.37 Postpartum woman should not wash her hands in

cold water 61.5

10 Table 4.34 Postpartum woman should wear clothing with

long sleeves / trousers 59.0

17 Table 4.41 Postpartum woman should avoid going out 59.0

55 Table 4.79 Postpartum woman should eat more fruit 59.0

51 Table 4.75 Postpartum woman should eat foods with added

ginger 56.4

32 Table 4.56 Postpartum woman shall not cross the other

people‘s house doorstep 53.8

52 Table 4.76 Postpartum woman should eat chicken with

sesame oil, chicken soup, essence of chicken 53.8 59 Table.4.83 Postpartum woman should eat pork knuckle 53.8 69 Table 4.93 Postpartum woman should limit consumption of

foods with sour taste or vinegar added 53.8

155

Table II. Most disapproved elements of ―Zuo Yuezi‖ by disapproval rate

Number of element

Number of

table Element

Percentage of disapproval 24 Table 4.48 Newborn and mother shall dwell alone, besides of

feeding time 92.3

23 Table 4.47 Postpartum woman should not eat the meals at the

same table as other household members 87.2 22 Table 4.46 Children cannot walk under postpartum women‘s

drying clothes 82.1

14 Table 4.38 Postpartum woman should not wash herself 76.9

45 Table 4.69 Postpartum woman should eat ―oil rice‖ 76.9

28 Table 4.52 Postpartum woman should start breastfeeding at

the third days after birth 74.4

21 Table 4.45 Her clothing should be washed and dried in a different place than the clothing of other family members

74.4

15 Table 4.39 Postpartum woman is not allowed to wash hair 71.8

26 Table 4.50 Postpartum woman cannot enter the kitchen 69.2

3 Table 4.27 Postpartum woman should avoid walking 66.7

29 Table 4.53 Postpartum woman shall not communicate with

people outside of closest family 64.1 1 Table 4.25 Postpartum woman should sit and not recline 64.1

16 Table 4.40 Postpartum woman cannot apply makeup 59.0

25 Table 4.49 No one except close family may not enter the

room of postpartum woman 53.8

156

Table III. Elements Affiliated With Postpartum Woman‘s Health

Number of element

Element Percentage

of approval 7 Postpartum woman should avoid mood swings and crying 97.44 37 Postpartum woman should eat and drink warm or hot 97.44 38 Postpartum woman should eat food of high nutritional value 97.44 63 Postpartum woman should not eat it cold and cold dishes 97.44 64 Postpartum woman should not eat fatty foods 97.44

4 Postpartum woman should avoid climbing stairs, bending the

lumbar spine, squatting, standing 94.87

5 Postpartum woman should avoid working, house work 94.87 6 Postpartum woman should maintain sexual abstinence 94.87 8 Postpartum woman should avoid eye-straining activities such as

reading, watching TV, knitting 94.87

54 Postpartum woman should eat more vegetables 94.87 60 Postpartum woman during the first week of postpartum should

avoid taking meals cooked with the alcohol 94.87 67 Postpartum woman should not use salt and alkaline food 94.87 39 Postpartum woman should complement (replete) nutritional

deficiencies 92.31

41 Postpartum woman should use "Shenghua Tang" decotion 92.31

55 Postpartum woman should eat more fruit 92.31

61 Postpartum woman during the first week of postpartum should

avoid taking meals with sesame oil 92.31

2 Postpartum woman should lie down and rest a lot 89.74 10 Postpartum woman should wear clothing with long sleeves /

trousers 89.74

36 Postpartum woman should adapt a light diet 89.74 42 Postpartum woman should consume "Duzhong" 89.74

46 Postpartum woman should eat more fish 89.74

68 Postpartum woman should not consume ―dry- hot‖ dishes 89.74 40 Postpartum woman should use TCM tonics and meals prepared

with the use of Chinese herbs 89.74

9 Postpartum woman must not be exposed to the wind / draft,

cannot use air conditioning and fans 87.18

13 Postpartum woman should not wash her hands in cold water 84.62

157

62 Postpartum woman should not use ginseng 84.62

59 Postpartum woman should eat pork knuckle 82.05

69 Postpartum woman should limit consumption of foods with

sour taste or vinegar added 82.05

27 Postpartum woman is not allowed to lose weight during ―Zuo

Yuezi‖ 79.49

43 Postpartum woman should eat plenty of mutton 79.49 52 Postpartum woman should eat chicken with sesame oil, chicken

soup, essence of chicken 79.49

66 Postpartum woman should not eat hard foods 79.49 12 Postpartum woman should constrain the abdomen 76.92 47 Postpartum woman should eat more rice gruels 76.92 1 Postpartum woman should sit and not recline 74.36 11 Postpartum woman should wear the head scarf or hat 74.36

17 Postpartum woman should avoid going out 74.36

44 Postpartum woman should eat more candied or tangerine peel 74.36 48 Postpartum woman should eat foods with red sugar 74.36 51 Postpartum woman should eat foods with added ginger 74.36 53 Postpartum woman should eat lots of chicken eggs 74.36 65 Postpartum woman should not eat foods that traditionally are

considered toxic, such as certain species of fish, duck, goose 74.36

3 Postpartum woman should avoid walking 71.79

57 Postpartum woman should consume pork liver 71.79 58 Postpartum woman should consume pork kidney 71.79 34 Postpartum woman immediately after birth must eat "ya fu" 69.23

56 Postpartum woman should eat pork heart 66.67

19 Family members should help her to maintain body clean 64.10 15 Postpartum woman is not allowed to wash hair 61.54

14 Postpartum woman should not wash herself 58.97

35 Postpartum woman should replace the water with special drinks 58.97 18 Postpartum woman should not expose herself to sunlight 56.41

45 Postpartum woman should eat ―oil rice‖ 56.41

158

Table IV. Elements Affiliated With Newborn‘s Health

Number of element

Element Percentage

of approval 20 Postpartum woman should care for the newborn herself 58.97 38 Postpartum woman should eat food of high nutritional value 30.77 67 Postpartum woman should not use salt and alkaline food 25.64 25 No one except close family may not enter the room of

postpartum woman 23.08

46 Postpartum woman should eat more fish 23.08

62 Postpartum woman should not use ginseng 23.08

63 Postpartum woman should not eat it cold and cold dishes 23.08 68 Postpartum woman should not consume ―dry- hot‖ dishes 23.08 28 Postpartum woman should start breastfeeding at the third days

after birth 20.51

39 Postpartum woman should complement (replete) nutritional

deficiencies 20.51

53 Postpartum woman should eat lots of chicken eggs 20.51 60 Postpartum woman during the first week of postpartum should

avoid taking meals cooked with the alcohol 20.51 36 Postpartum woman should adapt a light diet 17.95 37 Postpartum woman should eat and drink warm or hot 17.95 40 Postpartum woman should use TCM tonics and meals prepared

with the use of Chinese herbs 17.95

24 Newborn and mother shall dwell alone, besides of feeding time 15.38 27 Postpartum woman is not allowed to lose weight during ―Zuo

Yuezi‖ 15.38

52 Postpartum woman should eat chicken with sesame oil, chicken

soup, essence of chicken 15.38

59 Postpartum woman should eat pork knuckle 15.38

64 Postpartum woman should not eat fatty foods 15.38 65 Postpartum woman should not eat foods that traditionally are

considered toxic, such as certain species of fish, duck, goose 15.38 69 Postpartum woman should limit consumption of foods with

sour taste or vinegar added 15.38

7 Postpartum woman should avoid mood swings and crying 12.82

16 Postpartum woman cannot apply makeup 12.82

17 Postpartum woman should avoid going out 12.82

159

29 Postpartum woman shall not communicate with people outside

of closest family 12.82

61 Postpartum woman during the first week of postpartum should

avoid taking meals with sesame oil 12.82

30 Postpartum woman is not allowed to attend funerals, weddings

and other special celebrations 10.26

54 Postpartum woman should eat more vegetables 10.26

55 Postpartum woman should eat more fruit 10.26

66 Postpartum woman should not eat hard foods 10.26 2 Postpartum woman should lie down and rest a lot 5.13 9 Postpartum woman must not be exposed to the wind / draft,

cannot use air conditioning and fans 5.13

21 Her clothing should be washed and dried in a different place

than the clothing of other family members 5.13

26 Postpartum woman cannot enter the kitchen 5.13

31 Postpartum woman is not allowed to go to temples and

churches 5.13

32 Postpartum woman shall not cross the other people‘s house

doorstep 5.13

44 Postpartum woman should eat more candied or tangerine peel 5.13 47 Postpartum woman should eat more rice gruels 5.13 48 Postpartum woman should eat foods with red sugar 5.13

56 Postpartum woman should eat pork heart 5.13

57 Postpartum woman should consume pork liver 5.13

58 Postpartum woman should consume pork kidney 5.13 1 Postpartum woman should sit and not recline 2.56

3 Postpartum woman should avoid walking 2.56

5 Postpartum woman should avoid working, house work 2.56 10 Postpartum woman should wear clothing with long sleeves /

trousers 2.56

13 Postpartum woman should not wash her hands in cold water 2.56 18 Postpartum woman should not expose herself to sunlight 2.56 19 Family members should help her to maintain body clean 2.56 22 Children cannot walk under postpartum women‘s drying clothes 2.56 23 Postpartum woman should not eat the meals at the same table as

other household members 2.56

34 Postpartum woman immediately after birth must eat "ya fu" 2.56 35 Postpartum woman should replace the water with special drinks 2.56

160

41 Postpartum woman should use "Shenghua Tang" decotion 2.56 43 Postpartum woman should eat plenty of mutton 2.56

45 Postpartum woman should eat ―oil rice‖ 2.56

Table V. Elements Affiliated With Culture

Number of element

Element Percentage

of approval 22 Children cannot walk under postpartum women‘s drying clothes 89.74 23 Postpartum woman should not eat the meals at the same table as

other household members 87.18

30 Postpartum woman is not allowed to attend funerals, weddings

and other special celebrations 82.05

26 Postpartum woman cannot enter the kitchen 76.92

33 Postpartum woman shall not pray or burn incense 76.92 21 Her clothing should be washed and dried in a different place

than the clothing of other family members 74.36 32 Postpartum woman shall not cross the other people‘s house

doorstep 71.79

25 No one except close family may not enter the room of

postpartum woman 69.23

29 Postpartum woman shall not communicate with people outside

of closest family 69.23

31 Postpartum woman is not allowed to go to temples and

churches 66.67

50 Postpartum woman should eat pasta 64.10

49 Postpartum woman should eat dumplings 61.54

24 Newborn and mother shall dwell alone, besides of feeding time 58.97

14 Postpartum woman should not wash herself 53.85

15 Postpartum woman is not allowed to wash hair 51.28 28 Postpartum woman should start breastfeeding at the third days

after birth 51.28

161

Table VI, Elements Affiliated With Religion

Number of element

Element Percentage

of approval 31 Postpartum woman is not allowed to go to temples and

churches 46.15

33 Postpartum woman shall not pray or burn incense 38.46 22 Children cannot walk under postpartum women‘s drying clothes 23.08 30 Postpartum woman is not allowed to attend funerals, weddings

and other special celebrations 23.08

32 Postpartum woman shall not cross the other people‘s house

doorstep 10.26

21 Her clothing should be washed and dried in a different place

than the clothing of other family members 7.69 25 No one except close family may not enter the room of

postpartum woman 7.69

50 Postpartum woman should eat pasta 7.69

29 Postpartum woman shall not communicate with people outside

of closest family 5.13

49 Postpartum woman should eat dumplings 5.13

6 Postpartum woman should maintain sexual abstinence 2.56 7 Postpartum woman should avoid mood swings and crying 2.56 11 Postpartum woman should wear the head scarf or hat 2.56 12 Postpartum woman should constrain the abdomen 2.56

16 Postpartum woman cannot apply makeup 2.56

17 Postpartum woman should avoid going out 2.56

23 Postpartum woman should not eat the meals at the same table as

other household members 2.56

26 Postpartum woman cannot enter the kitchen 2.56

27 Postpartum woman is not allowed to lose weight during ―Zuo

Yuezi‖ 2.56

28 Postpartum woman should start breastfeeding at the third day

after birth 2.56

65 Postpartum woman should not eat foods that traditionally are

considered toxic, such as certain species of fish, duck, goose 2.56

66 Postpartum woman should not eat hard foods 2.56

162

Appendix III. Dissertations Used for the Questionnaire Design

1 翁玲玲,漢人婦女產後作月子儀式的行為探討--兩個漁民社區的調查研究,國立清華大

163

164

台灣地區中醫婦科醫師對於民間做月子習俗認知之調查研究

研究生：夏羽

指導教授：林睿珊助理教授

在文檔中中國醫藥大學機構典藏 China Medical University Repository, Taiwan:Item 310903500/41273 (頁 151-0)

Appendix I

台灣地區中醫婦科醫師對於 民間做月子習俗認知之調查研究問卷

中國醫藥大學

中醫學系/ 學士後中醫學系

台灣地區中醫婦科醫師對於 民間做月子習俗認知之調查研究

非常感謝您的參與！

中國醫藥大學中醫學系/學士後中醫學系

蘇奕彰 / 陳立德 主任 敬上

聯絡人：夏羽/劉祐伶 電話：04-22053366 分機 3105

第一部份 醫師基本資料

出生日期：民國_______年________月

性別：□男 □女

執業年資：_________年

目前主要執業的醫療機構為：

□中醫診所 □中醫醫院

□西醫地區醫院中醫科部 □西醫區域醫院中醫科部

□西醫醫學中心中醫科部

醫學專業教育背景：

您是否曾在教學醫院接受過中醫婦科的住院醫師訓練？

□否

□是，且受訓年資為：□一年 □兩年 □三年 □四年

您是否曾擔中醫婦科專科門診的看診醫師？

□否

□是，且看診年資為：□1-2 年 □3-4 年 □5-6 年 □7 年以上

您目前執業地點主要在台灣哪一地區？

□ A 北部

□ B 中部

□ C 南部

□ D 東部

□ E 離島

□中醫學系 □學士後中醫學系 □中醫師特考

□ 其他國家，請說明：

第二部份 做月子相關背景因素探討

做月子現象普遍存在於社會之中，您認為其原因在於：（可複選）

□傳統文化之延續 □流行與商業行為

□對產婦生理有實質助益 □對產婦社會地位或心理有所助益

□產婦得以明正言順地休息，避開工作或日常勞動等

您認為下列何者是台灣做月子現象的主要背景基礎？（可複選）

□台灣傳統文化 □華人傳統文化

□現代醫學學理 □傳統中醫學理

□民俗醫療 □如有其他因素，請說明：__________________________

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，現代婦女是從何處獲得做月子的資訊？

（可複選）

□從長輩（媽媽、婆婆）處得知 □朋友或家人的經驗 □電視節目

□以做月子為主題之書籍 □報章、雜誌 □網路

□學校教育 □其他，例如_________________________________

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，下列何者是決定產婦做月子方式的重

要因素？（選出最重要的三個）

□產婦的職業類別 □產婦的教育程度 □家庭經濟狀況 □之 前做月子的經驗 □產婦與新生兒的健康狀況

□產婦所居住的地區

□如有其他因素，請說明：___________________________________

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，參與決定產婦如何做月子的通常是下列何

人（選出最重要的三個）？

□產婦自己 □孩子的父親 □產婦的媽媽

□婆婆 □其他親屬（指上述以外的親友）

□進行產檢與接生的醫師 □其他醫護人員

□如有其他因素，請說明：___________________________________

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，產婦最常選擇以下何地點做月子？請

您依序填入：1、2，……。

□產婦自己家 □娘家 □婆家 □做月子中心

□其他地方，請說明：______________________________

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，您認為產婦做月子的地點對於「做月

子的品質」重不重要？

□不重要

□重要。那麼，請問您認為以下何地點最適宜產婦做月子，請依序填 入：1、2，……。

□產婦自己家 □娘家 □婆家 □做月子中心 □其他地點，請說明：______________________________

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，在產婦做月子期間，主要照顧產婦的

通常為以下何者？請依序填入：1、2，……。

□媽媽 □婆婆 □孩子的父親

□其他親屬 □傭人 □專業護理人員

根據您的臨床觀察與經驗，若產婦在家中做月子，通常會由誰照

顧新生兒？請依序填入：1、2，……。

□產婦自己 □媽媽 □婆婆 □孩子的父親 □其他親屬

□傭人 □專業護理人員

您認為做月子期間應該持續多久？請填入天數： __________ 天。

懷孕三個月內，孕婦若流產了，您認為是否需要做月子？

□是，做月子的方式與一般產婦相同。

□是，做月子的方式與一般產婦不同。

□否，流產不需要做月子。 □不一定，依照孕婦的情形而決定

台灣地區中醫婦科醫師對於民間做月子習俗認知之調查研究問卷

台灣地區中醫婦科醫師對於民間做月子習俗認知之調查研究

蘇奕彰 / 陳立德主任敬上

聯絡人：夏羽/劉祐伶電話：04-22053366 分機 3105

第一部份醫師基本資料

出生日期：民國_年__月

第二部份做月子相關背景因素探討

□產婦的職業類別 □產婦的教育程度 □家庭經濟狀況 □之前做月子的經驗 □產婦與新生兒的健康狀況

□重要。那麼，請問您認為以下何地點最適宜產婦做月子，請依序填入：1、2，……。

a. □做月子實務（例如：開做月子之處方及藥膳給產婦）。

→每月案例（大約）：□1-5 件 □6-20 件

□21-100 件 □100 件以上。

→每月次數（大約）：□1-5 次 □6-10 件

□是，授課地點為：□大學相關系所（可複選） □教學醫院/醫學會 □地方醫師公會

第三部份對於做月子各項習俗之評析與看法

A. 對各項做月子生活宜忌的設計是基於對於產婦或嬰兒健康之考量因素，或由於文化民俗或宗教等背景因素進行勾選。

B. 選出您對各項做月子生活宜忌之認知，包括：「同意」、「無意見」及「不同意」。

號做月子具體生活宜忌