2003 Dennis R. Shelden
Generatrix Directrix sweep
(GLYMPH,2002; Shelden, D, 2003;Pottmann et al2006;
Schmiedhofer,2008)
Shelden Shelden
G1
Generatrix directrix surface
( conical
line) ;
( )
( 3-7)
Generatrix
directrix Form Finding
3-7 UV : Gene1 ratrix Directrix : Unite Unite 1’
NURBS
B-spline Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline NURBS
NURBS
2
3-8 1 3-9 2 3-10 3
Conical Line
conic section
3-11
(generator line)
F( ) F
L( ) e( ) F
e L 0 < e < 1 e = 1
e > 1 ( 3-12) e = 0
L e
Form Finding
3-11
http://mathworld.wolfram.com/
3-12
3.1.3 CAD/CAM
CAD/CAM
MAYA RHINO 3DsMAX INSIGHT ( 3-13)
CAD/CAM
B-spline Non-Uniform
Rational B Spline POLYGON NURBS
(Mesh) NURBS
NURBS NURBS
NURBS
3D Rhino4 CAD NURBS
Rhino NURBS Rhino
Rhino IGES
FBS STL file
Rhino Rhino4
3DsMAX Form Finding
3DMAX
3DMAX NURBS
3DMAX NURBS STL.file
1. Approxima tion/Tessellation NURBS
2. Tramsfore Degree
3. 3DMAX NURBS 1Rail-sweep Sweep Parallel
Rhino
Sweep1 Rhino Form Finding
STL.file
NURBS STL 3dsMAX STL
Insight STL 3dsMAX
STL
1. RHINO STL Mesh NURBS
RP
STL MAX
2. POLYGON 3dsMAX Convert to POLYGON
STL
Edit polygon/Polygon/Flip
Edge Edit polygon/Border Edges (CAP) 2. Edit
Polygon / WeldVertex ( 3-16)
3-14 3-15 SHELL 3-16 STL.file
Insight
Insight CAD CAM 3dsMAX
STL RP
2. (Modelers Setup) (Solid)
(Sparse)
Fine rasters) ( 3-19)
3. (Toolpaths)
4.
STL Insight
3dsMAx STL Insight
RP
3-17 Insight 3-18 3-19
CAM
RP (Fused Deposition Modeling, FDM)
3-20 Insight 2D
3D RP
RP Insight
3-21
3-20 RP 3-21
3.2.
2007
2010
20 150
AleppoZONE
1-2 28
16
2-3 ( 3-22)
3-22
RHINO 4
1: (U,V
2 U,V
3 NURBS
4: Form Finding
5
6:
1
1.1
3D 3D
MAYA
MAYA NURBS
RHINO4
MAYA IGES (3D )
(smooth) (optimized) CV
CV 3-1 UV
CV 3519 99.14
1/15
3-2 1.1
MAYA Export
IGES
RHINO MAYA IGES
Untrim
CurvatureAnalysis
Properties/ Detail/ Object Description
CV 3-1
Rebuild
1.2
NURBS
NURBS ( Degree )
(CV) ( Knot )
3-10 UV
NURBS
UV
3-3 3-3 1.2
ExtractIsoCurve ExtractWireframe
Section
u
2
conical
surface NURBS surface
Mesh Mesh
NURBS
3.1.2
3-4
RHINO
Trim 3-25-a
G1 3-25-b
4 5
3-25-c-d
3-25 : A B C
D
3-4 2
2 ChangeDegree
Rebuild Curve
UV 2002 Dennis R. Shelden
UV UV
3.1.2 Rhino Sweep1
Formding
3DsMAX UV 1Rail-sweep
Sweep Parallel Tramsfore Degree
Surface Approximation/Tessellation/Hight 3-5
3-5 3 UV NURBS
3-6 4 Form Finding
CV
Pull
IGES rhino
DupBorder
Trim
5
5.1
( 3-27) 3-7
3-7 5
Section
3-3
5.2
1
( 3-26)
2 :
( 3-27
3-26 3-27
6
3-8
( 3-28)
3-28
3-8 6
DupBorder
BlendSrf
5-1
Trim 3-3
3.3.
3.3.1
sweep
54
( 3-9) 3-9
53 24
19
19 11
Zebra
(G2) 3-29
3-30
3-29 (G2) 3-30
2003 Shelden UV
NURBS
1
RHINO Area 3-10
2
RHINO PointDeviation 3-31
3-31
3-10
2266829 2273601
100.4%
: 17.4852 : 15.6658 17/755= 2.25%
: 72.8582 72.8/2836cm = 2.57%
3 Degree 2
2 1
Form Finding
3.3.2 CAD/CAM
3 CAM CAD/CAM
3-1
CAM 3d
CAM CNC
RP ABS 3-32
3-32
3d RP CAM
( 3-33)
3 7
5
( 3-34 )
CAD/CAM
CAD/CAM
Form Finding 3D
RP 5 ( 3-35)
3-34 RP
3-35
4.
CAD/CAM
4.1.
CAD/CAM
CAD/CAM
CNC Milling
3-1 3-2
CAD
Rhino 3ds Max
RP
RP CAD/CAM
3-35
CNC milling
4.2.
2003 Dennis R. Shelden
5 2
Pattern
1/2 2
3.1.1
Rule surface
2006 CAD/CAM
4.3.
4 Form
Finding 2 5
3-3
CAD/CAM
Rhino MAX
Ruled surface
5.
Baldassini , N. 2008, Glazing Technology: the Hidden Side of Free-Form Design.
Callicott, N. 2001. Computer-Aided Manufacture in Architecture. Oxford: Architectural Press.
Chris, M. and Jimmie, B. 1993. CAD/CAM - From principles to practice. UK: Addison-Wesley.
Franken, B. 2003. Real as Data. Architecture in the digital age: Design and Manufacturing. Upenn. Spon Press. pp.121-138
Friedman, M. (ed). 2002. Gehry Talks: Architecture + Process. New York, NY: Universe Publishing.
Gao, W P (2004) Tectonics? A case study for digital free-form architecture Proceedings of Computer Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia Yonsei
Glymph, J., Shelden, D., CECCATO, C., MUSSEL, J. AND SCHOBER, H. 2004. A parametric strategy for free-form glass structures using quadrilateral planar facets. Automation in Construction 13, 187-202.
Griffith, Kenfield; Sass, Larry and Michaud, Dennis 2005,A strategy for complex-curved building design:Design structure with Bi-lateral contouring as integrally connected ribs
Groover, M. P. and Emory W. Zimmers, J. 1984. CAD/CAM Computer-aided design and manufacturing.Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-hall Inc.
Kocaturk, T., Veltkamp, M. and Tuncer, B. 2003. Exploration of Interrelationships between Digital Design and Production Processes of Free-Form Complex Surfaces in a Web-Based Database. CAAD FUTUTE.
Tainan, Taiwan. Kluwer Academic. pp. 445-455.
Kolarevic, B. 2001. Digital Fabrication: Manufacturing Architecture in the Information Age. ACADIA 20.
New York: Buffalo. pp. 268-278.
Kolarevic, B. 2003a. Architecture in the Digital Age: design and manufacturing. New York: Spon Press.
Kolarevic, B. 2003b. Design fabrication: from digital discourse. Indianapolis, Indiana. U.S.A. Bookmaster, Inc. pp. 54-55.
Kolarevic, B. 2004. Designing and Manufacturing the material in the Digital Age. ACADIA.
Lim, CK. 2006. A better digital design and construction process using CAD/CAM media.’
Lindsey, 2001 B. Lindsey, Digital Gehry: material resistance digital construction, Birkhauser, Liu, Y. T. (ed.): 2001, Defining Digital Architecture 2000 FEIDAD Award, Birkhäuser, Berlin.
Liu, Y. T. and Lim,C, K.2008 New tectonics: a preliminary framework involving classic and digital thinking
Liu, Y.-T. 1996. Understanding of Architecture in the Computer Era. Taipei: Hus.
Luca, F. D. and Nardin, M. 2002. Behind the Scene: Avant-garde Techniques in Contemporary Design.
Basel, Boston, Berlin: Birkhauser.
Lynn, G. 1995. Folding in architecture: John Wiley & Sons.
Million, H. A. 1994. The Renaissance from Brunelleschi to Michaelangelo. New York: Rizzoli.
Mitchell, W. J. and McCullough, M. 1995. Digital Design Media. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Mitchell, W. J. Computer-Aided Architectural Design, New York, Wiley, John & Sons. Inc., 1977 Mitchell, W. J.:1998.a, Antitectonics: The Poetics of Virtuality, In. J. Beckmann, (ed), The Virtual
Dimension:Architecture, Representation and Crash Culture, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, Pp.205-217.
Mitchell, W. J.:1998.b, Articulate Design of Free-Form Structures, In I. Smith, (ed), Artificial Intelligence in Structural Engineering: Information Technology for Design, Collaboration, Maintenance, and Monitoring, Springer Verlag, Berlin. Pp.223-234.
Nardini, M.:2003, Avant-garde techniques in contemporary design - New tools or new languages for the project?,
Porter, T. and Neale, J. 2000. Architectural supermodels. Oxford: Architectural Press.
Pottmann , H . Sigrid Brell-Cokcan, 2006.Discrete Surfaces for Architectural Design PQmesh POTTMANN, H., LIU, Y., WALLNER, J., BOBENKO, A. AND WANG, W. 2007. Geometry of
Multi-layer Freeform Structures for Architecture. ACM Trans. Graphics 26, 3. In Proceedings of SIGGRAPH 2007.
Ruby, A. 2001. Architecture in the age of digital producibility. DigitalReal--Blobmeister: First Built Projects. Schmal, P.C.(ed). Basel. Birkhauser. pp. 206-211
Ryder, G., Ion, B., Green, G., Harrison, D. and Wood, B. 2002. Rapid design and manufacture tools in architecture. Automation in Construction. 11: 279-290.
Smith, A. C. 2004. Architectural model as machine: A new view of models from antiquity to the presentday. Oxford: Architectural Press.
Steiner, R. 2003. Architecture - An Introductory Reader. The Square, Forest Row: Rudolf Steiner Press.
Sapaun, S.M., 2005, ” Concurrent design and manufacturing process of automotive composite components”, Assembly Automation, 146-152
SCHIFTNER, A. 2007. Planar Quad Meshes from RelativePrincipal Curvature Lines. Diploma Thesis.
Schmiedhofer ,H. 2008. Design and Panelization of Architectural Freeform-Surfaces by Planar Quadrilateral Meshes.
Schon, D. A. and Wiggins, G. 1992. Kinds of seeing and their funtions in designing. Design Studies. 13(2):
135-156.
Seely, J. C. 2004. Digital fabrication in the architectural design process. Master Thesis. MIT.
Shelden, D, (2003), “ Digital Surface Representation and the Constructability of Gehry ´ s Architecture.” Diss. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2003
Turkiyyah, G.M ,1997,An accelerated triangulation method for computing the skeletons of free-form solid models.
Welch, W. and Witkin, A. 1994, Free-Form Shape Design Using Triangulated Surfaces Zevi, B. 1981. The modern language of architecture: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 2.1.1 p12
, 2005. (A study on the process of free form design and
construction)
, 2007. (A better digital design and construction process using CAD/CAM media)
, 2001. , ,
. (ed.): 2006,
( ), 2003. , ,
The History of CAD http://mbinfo.mbdesign.net/CAD-History.htm Rapid Prototyping http://check.itgo.com
OpenNURBS http://www.opennurbs.org/
Mathworld http://mathworld.wolfram.com/