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intervention in the Chinese Economy. Since China is a “Socialist Market Economy”
that is a country in which central planned economy and the market self-regulating behaviors coexist, and the role of Chinese central and local governmental policies also need to be considered as a factor affecting investment location.
In China the central government affected investment location through the creation of economic “growth engines”, which spark regional economic growth and agglomeration. In the 1980s Shenzhen became the first engine for the PRD when many foreign companies set up their operations there following the launch of the economic reforms. A few years later, new national policies pulled FDI northward toward the YRD, where Pudong became a second engine in the 1990s. At the beginning of the new century renewed political efforts decided to let the northeast regions develop building in Binhai the third engine. Nowadays, thirty years after the launch of the Open Door, many FDI are now flowing toward the undeveloped inland Central China, where the West Triangle Economic Zone is becoming the fourth engine.
If national policies were fundamental in establishing an investment-conducive environment, local policies played a key role in meeting the needs and solving the problems of the single industry. Concentrating on the Foxconn experience, I highlighted some cases where the local government has helped investors by offering the company with benefits like cheap labor free land, tax reductions and subsidies.
Answering the two main research questions, this work has also joined in the scholar debate about the flying geese model and its ability to explain the latest development of Chinese economic growth, more specifically the inland industry relocation. In this respect, this work has made clear that the model falls short in explaining some aspects of the phenomenon. Those scholar who fully rely on the model without considering the state intervention, concentrated on the post 2008 global financial crisis relocation and overlooked the importance of the preceding years and the role played by the Chinese central and local policies. Inland industry relocation is a four-step process strongly affected by state intervention.
5.1 Further research
One of the restrictions of this research is that it explains investment relocation within China as the consequence of the combined action of market self-regulating
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mechanisms and government control. The analysis is unable to separate between the two causes and assess their relative impact on investment decision.
Another limitation of this work is that it concentrates on the process of investment relocation of only one company. Even though Foxconn is the largest 6C electronics manufacturer in the world, largest exporter from China, and assembles around half of the world’s consumer electronics, for a better legitimization of the results of this thesis, it would be necessary to extend the analysis to other case studies.
With respect to the first restriction, further research might answer the questions:
What is the relative impact of market self-regulating behaviors and state intervention in China investment relocation? Did these two have different relative influence in the four steps of the investment relocation?
With respect to the second restriction, further research might look at the investment pattern of other multinational corporations. It would be interesting also to make an international comparison between Taiwanese, Singaporean and Hongkongese companies, which are all owned by the so-called Chinese diaspora and all started investing in China in the same years.
Since Foxconn is a healthy company with a bright future, it would be also interesting to keep studying it. Further research can concentrate on the company’s geographical evolution both in China and internationally, as well as at its scaling of the ladder of industrial upgrading.
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