An increase in locally specific research and species models is necessary for an improved understanding of the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems throughout the AP. The availability of regionally downscaled models has been shown to substantially increase research related to climate change and forests in British Columbia and western North America, as was the case after the development of ClimateBC (Wang et al. 2006) and ClimateWNA (Wang et al. 2012). A similar trend is expected to occur in the AP after the introduction of ClimateAP. Tools of this nature increase the availability of information to a wide range of stakeholders and scientists, facilitating research, knowledge sharing, and ultimately leading to improved decision-making and management. It is crucial that these types of tools, as well as other locally specific models and research initiatives, be implemented across the AP region. Several of the technological advancements mentioned in this paper can provide the basis for further development in science and technology. Building upon these achievements will require cross-disciplinary and cross-national collaboration in order to incorporate
different perspectives and expertise.
The development of national policy frameworks is imperative to facilitate the implementation of appropriate adaptation and mitigation strategies (Ahmed & Suphachalasai 2014). This requires strong institutions, public education and awareness, networks linking regional and local experts, as well as locally appropriate methods for analyzing and predicting the current and future environmental and socio-economic impacts of climate change. Carbon emissions reduction targets can be achieved, as well as other necessary environmental and socio-economic objectives (Innes et al. 2014), as long as actions to adapt forests to climate change are consistent with sustainable forest management initiatives.
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr. Shyue-cherng Liaw from National Taiwan Normal University for his valuable comments to this manuscript. This work is based on a research project entitled: Adaptation of Asia-Pacific Forests to Climate Change, funded by the Asia-Pacific Network for Sustainable Forest Management and Rehabilitation (APFNet) (APFNET/2010/FPF/001).
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