With the limitations addressed above, the suggestions for future studies are as follow:
Due to the confusion caused by the simplified rating scale, describing the
boundaries of fluency should be completed in the future work. What descriptors could salient in determining the level of fluency should be further investigated.
In this study, there were only two task types that were both completed in the form of monologue. The use of monologue was to control the variables and minimize the effect of the para- and nonlinguistic information. However, Riggenbach (1991) mentioned that storytelling elicited data which were different from naturalistic data, such as unplanned conversation that could be analyzed in terms of hesitation
phenomena. The incorporation of dialogue data and analyzing it in communicative context is needed.
Since the study is exploratory, expanding a larger pool of participants to examine the influence from ETA is necessary. Researchers could study a larger number of ETAs and involve more cooperative schools in the future. Understanding the benefits or influence from ETA could help leaners learn in effective ways. Besides, ETAs can also provide much more information about culture. The future research could shed light on the culture learning in its design.
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