For the protocol interoperability, a protocol syntax and semantic analyzer would be necessary for the fast addition of a new signaling protocol into the ICA. Meanwhile, how to converge those parameters in the payload of the messages is also a challenge.
For the cross-layer fast handover scheme, it needs the layer-2 triggers and the direct association support build into the network adapter. However, most vendors did not add all these features to their products. We would find a vendor and form a partnership to develop the fast handover supports into the network adapter.
For the analysis of checkpoint schemes, further study is needed to obtain the paging cost in the PCS networks. In addition, if paging a user with an invalid location record cannot be done in time, the caller may hang up and the call is lost. It may be meritorious to consider a cost function consisting of the checkpointing, paging and lost-call costs.
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