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Glossary of Terms
Abi: Big or elder brother.
Adab: Respect and politeness.
Adanmış Ruhlar: Sacrificed souls or spirit of devotion.
Aksiyon İnsanı: “Man of action” who abandons asceticism and its preoccupation with the inner spiritual quest to actively work and engage with society.
Ahl al-Suffah: Refers to those in the early days of Islam, who after migration to Madinah, was not hosted by anyone, and so took residence on madinah mosque.
Altın Nesil: Golden Generation.
Alevi: Which means “follower of Ali”, frequently categorized under the Shia denomination of Islam.
Belletmen: Tutors.
Cemaat: A religious community in Turkish.
Dershane: Private preparatory course.
Dhimmi: An Arabic word meaning "protected" who is a non-Muslim living in an Islamic country.
Evkaf: Charitable foundation or trust.
Fiqh: Jurisprudence.
Furuat: A secondary method of jurisprudence.
Halqa: “A study circle" usually held in a scholar's home or in a mosque.
Hanafi Madhhab: Within the Sunni Muslim tradition, Hanafi is one of four "schools of law" and considered the oldest and most liberal school of law.
Hizmet: Literally means “service” It is often used by followers of Fethullah Gülen for his movement that Turkish-based but global movement dedicated to human service.
Hicret: It means “migration” is to move for religious purpose from one place to the other and take up residence there.
Irtica: The word irtica means returning to the past or carrying the past to the present.
Işık Evleri: Light Houses, The Hizmet’s Movement student houses.
Itikaf: Solitude and retreat to purify one’s soul.
Ikhlas: Sincerity.
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Iqra: Recite or read.
Ijazah: Certificate to teach law and issue legal opinions.
Ilm: Knowledge.
Imam Hatip School: Religious vocational school which focus on a curriculum with theological lessons.
Ijtihad: Re-interpretation of religion sourses.
Islah: Repairing and reforming.
Jahiliyyah: The pre-Islamic period, Ignorance period.
Kimse Yok Mu: The Hizmet’s Movement Charity Association.
Khilaf: Refers to the divergent legal opinions.
Khan: Hostel.
Laiklik: The Turkish term laiklik means state control over religion and a strong state role in keeping religion out of the public sphere.
Madrasah: Educational religious institute.
Ma‘rifat: Knowledge.
Maktab: Means “library”, “place of study”, or elementary school.
Majlis: A consultative body or study circle.
Millet System: The term millet in the Ottoman Empire was used to determine a non-Muslim religious community.
Mullas: A male teacher of religious texts and Arabic.
Munazarah: Argumentation or disputation.
Muslihun: Reformer
Naqshbandiyya: is a major Sunni spiritual order of Sufism.
Nurcu: Who follower of Said Nursi in Turkey.
Qurban-Ait: One of the most important feast festivals in Islam.
Risale-i Nur: The Risale is a six-thousand-page commentary on the Quran written by Said Nursi.
Sabr: Patience.
Sadaqa: Voluntary charity.
Salafi: An ultra-conservative Movement within Sunni Islam that references the doctrine known as Salafism (early Muslim).
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Sızıntı: The Hizmet’s Movement monthly scientific spiritual Magazine Sunni: is a largest sect in the religion of Islam.
Sunnah: Refers to the practices, customs and traditions of the Prophet Muhammad.
Shariah: is the Islamic legal system.
Shia: is a minority sect in the religion of Islam.
Tanzimat: The Ottoman Reformation Period.
Tariqa: is the term for a school or order of Sufism or dervish orders.
Takka and Zaviya: Sufi lodges or dervish place of worship.
Taqwa: Piety.
Talqin: Learning by heart.
Tamsil, it means representation, Action, example.
Tajdid: Renewal.
Terbiya: Upbringing, development and the training of people in various aspects.
Ubudiyyah: Servanthood.
Ubudah: Devotion.
Ummah: Community of Islam.
Ulama: Religious intellectuals-scholars.
Usul: Origin and root of Islam.
Vefa Borcu: Moral debt.
Wahhabism: Wahhabism in the strict sense practice puritan religious doctrine preached in Saudi Arabia.
Wahy: it means: “revelation” In Islamic belief, revelations are God's Word delivered by His chosen individuals-known as Messengers prophets – to mankind.
Zaman: The Hizmet’s Movement daily newspaper.
Zakat: “Purification and growth” which is the compulsory giving of a set proportion of one's wealth to charity.
Zümre Başkanları: In charge of each discipline or subject in school.
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Abbreviations
KATIAD: Kazakh-Turkish Business Association KATEV: Kazakh Turkish Education Foundation
MÜSIAD: The “Independent Association of Industrialists and Businessmen İŞHAD: Business Life Solidarity Association
PKK: Kurdistan Workers Party KTHS: Kazakh-Turkish High Schools
TIKA: Agency of Turkic Cooperation and Development ITLO: International Turkish Language Olympiad
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Interview Questions
In order to address the research questions, the following questions were compiled for the interviews during my visits. Not all of them were addressed to all interviewees, but selectvely depending on the context and scope. Interviews with school administrators, students, parents, and leaders of some organizations lasted between 30-45 minutes.
1- When did educational enterprises arrive at Kazakhstan?
2- When and how Islam did enter Kazakhstan?
3- How many schools there are in Kazakhstan now?
4- How does the school select students?
5- How does the school select teachers?
6- How many percentages of students pass the university exam?
7- How is Turkish schools reputation among the local populations?
8- How is the structure of Turkish Schools or movement In Kazakhstan?
9- What is the difference between the Turkish and Kazakh schools?
10- What is the reason for your preference of those Turkish schools?
11- What is the reason for your preference in working at the Turkish schools?
12- How doTurkish schools impact on your future life?
13- Is there any adaptation problem of student in the Turkish schools?
14- How is thecontribution of Turkish school to world peace?
15- How many gold and silver medals have been awarded in International Competitions (Olympiads) until now?
16- How are Turkish ambassadors’ attitudes towards Turkish educational enterprises?
17- How is the impact of the Turkish Schools on Turkey-Kazakhstan Relations?
18- What is the contribution of Turkish school to Kazakhstan culture?
19- What is the Role of the Turkish Schools in the Educational reform in Kazakhstan?
20- What is the impact of the Turkish schools on the Kazakhstan social change process?
21- How is effect of Erdogan war on the movement in Kazakhstan?
22- What is the future of the movement in Kazakhstan?
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