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Gold is a precious metal

在文檔中 二級文法 (頁 43-49)

第五章 形容詞

8. Gold is a precious metal

(金子是一種貴金屬。)

9. Wood is used to make paper.

(木頭被用來造紙。)

10.There was a heavy rain last night.

(昨晚下了一場大雨。)

11.I like music, and I like this walkman, too.

(我喜歡音樂,我也喜歡這個隨身聽。)

12.Life is not always sweet.

(生活並非總是甜蜜的。)

13.How long is the life of a man-made satellite?

(人造衛星的壽命有多長?)

14.Physics is a useful science and is my favorite subject.

(物理是一門有用的科學而且也是我最愛的科目。)

15.He doesn't know much about biology.

(他對生物學所知不多。)

16.President Ma is making a speech on TV.

(馬總統正在電視上發表演說。)

17.Eiffel Tower is the landmark of Paris.

(埃菲爾鐵塔是巴黎的地標。)

18.She can speak five languages: French, Russian, Arabic, Greek and Spanish.

(她會講五種語言:法語,俄語,阿拉伯語,希臘語和西班牙語。)

19.Easter is a Christian holy day in late March or early April.

(復活節是一個在三月底或者四月初基督教的神聖的日子。)

20.We like to play table tennis after school.

(放學後,我們喜歡打桌球。)

21.The history of Egypt is very complex.

(埃及的歷史很複雜。)

22.They are husband and wife/father and son/mother and daughter.

(他們是夫妻/父子/母女。)

23.Sunlight is a good source of Vitamin D.

(陽光是維他命 D 的好來源。)

24.Thunder, wind and rain all came at the same time yesterday.

(昨天雷、風、雨同時來臨。)

25.The weather in Maryland seems agreeable.

(馬里蘭的氣候,似乎是令人愉快的。)

26.The darkness in your room frightens the child.

(你房間的黑暗讓孩子害怕。)

五、形容詞的構成:

1.單個字形成的形容詞,如: special(特別的) cheap(便宜的) clever(聰明的) square(方形的) 2.一些名詞加字尾後可以形成形容詞。

〈1〉名詞+ful=形容詞,如: use→useful(有用的) help→helpful(有幫助的) care→careful(小心的) beauty→beautiful(美麗的)

〈2〉名詞+y=形容詞,如: luck→lucky(幸運的) anger→angry(生氣的) rain→rainy(多雨的) noise→noisy(喧鬧的) health→healthy(健康的)

〈3〉名詞+less=形容詞,如: hope→hopeless(沒希望的)

harm→harmless(無害的) care→careless(粗心的) use→useless(無用的)

〈4〉名詞+able/ible=形容詞,如: comfort→comfortable(舒適的) value→valuable(有價值的) expanse→expansible(可擴展的)

〈5〉名詞+ly=形容詞,如: friend→friendly(友好的) love→lovely(可愛的) brother→brotherly(兄弟般的)

〈6〉名詞+ish=形容詞,如: fool→foolish(愚蠢的) self→selfish(自私的)

〈7〉名詞+ous=形容詞,如: fame→famous(著名的) danger→dangerous(危險的)

〈8〉名詞+al=形容詞,如: person→personal(個人的) form→formal(正式的)

〈9〉名詞+ic/ical=形容詞,如: history→historic/historical(歷史的) hero→heroic(英雄的) practice→practical(實用的)

idiom→idiomatic(慣用語句的) artist→artistic(有藝術天賦的) 3.一些動詞可以加字尾形成形容詞。

〈1〉動詞+ant/ent=形容詞,如: please→pleasant(愉快的) differ→different(不同的)

〈2〉動詞+ive/ative=形容詞,如: act→active(活躍的) talk→talkative(多嘴的)

〈3〉動詞+able/ible=形容詞,如: change→changeable(變化的) agree→agreeable(令人愉快的)

〈4〉動詞+ite=形容詞,如: favor→favorite(最喜愛的)

〈5〉動詞+some=形容詞,如: tire→tiresome(令人厭倦的) trouble→troublesome(麻煩的)

4.複合形容詞: 是由兩個或多個字構成的,複合形容詞的形成有多種。

〈1〉由名詞+形容詞構成,如: color-blind(色盲的)

〈2〉由形容詞+形容詞構成,如: bitter-sweet(又苦又甜的)

〈3〉由副詞+形容詞構成,如:evergreen(常青的)

〈4〉由形容詞+名詞構成,如: high-level(高級的)

〈5〉由介系詞+名詞構成,如: underwater(水中的)

〈6〉由數詞+名詞構成,如: four-star(四星的)

〈7〉由名詞+現在分詞構成,如: English-speaking(說英文的)

〈8〉由名詞+過去分詞構成,如: handmade(手工製的)

〈9〉由形容詞+現在分詞構成,如: good-looking(好看的)

〈10〉由副詞+現在分詞構成,如: hardworking(勤勞的)

〈11〉由形容詞+過去分詞構成,如: ready-made(現成的)

〈12〉由副詞+過去分詞構成,如: well-behaved(行為端正的)

〈13〉由副詞+名詞構成,如: outdoor(戶外的)

〈14〉由形容詞+名詞+ed 構成,如: kindhearted(善良的)

〈15〉由名詞+名詞+ed 構成,如: honeymouthed(甜言蜜語的)

〈16〉由數詞+名詞+ed 構成,如: one-eyed(獨眼的)

〈17〉由數詞+名詞+形容詞構成,如: seven-year-old(七歲的)

5.否定形容詞: 一些形容詞加 un, in, im, dis, ir, ab 等否定字首後可以構成否定形容詞,如:

able→unable(不能的) formal→informal(非正式的)

patient→impatient(不耐煩的;急躁的) passable→impassable(不能通行的) possible→impossible(不可能的) honest→dishonest(不誠實的)

regular→irregular(不規則的) legal→illegal(非法的)

normal→abnormal(異乎尋常的,例外的) punctual→unpunctual(不守時的)

【練習題】

1. They are my brother's classmates. Some of them may look older or younger, but actually they are all of __________ .

(A) same age (B) like age (C) an age (D) same ages

(他們是我的哥哥的同班同學。他們之中有些可能看起來較老或較年輕,但是事實上他們全都是同樣年齡。)

2. Jonathan may be the most popular young man on campus. __________ girl student is so much fascinated with his sense of humor, generosity, kindness, thoughtfulness and his good looks.

(A) A lot of (B) Quite a few (C) Many a (D) So many

(強納生可能是校內最受歡迎的年輕人。許多女學生被他的幽默感、慷慨、仁慈、體貼和俊美外表所迷住。)

3. Please speak softly. The little baby is __________ . We must not wake up that __________ baby.

(A) sleepy; sleeping (B) sleeping; asleep (C) asleep; sleeping (D) sleeping; sleepy

(請輕聲說話。那小嬰兒已經睡著了。我們千萬不可吵醒了那個在睡覺的嬰兒。)

4. You don't have to be __________ of him. He is not as __________ a person as you imagine.

(A) fearful; afraid (B) frightened; fearful (C) frightening; afraid (D) afraid; fearful

(你不必害怕他。他不是像你想像的那樣可怕的人。)

5. If you want to be an efficient time manager, first, you must know how to set your priorities. Second, you just make __________ of your time.

(A) the best (B) the most (C) as much (D) the top

(假如你想成為一位有效率的時間管理者,首先,你必須學會如何設定事情的優先順序。其 次,你就要善加利用時間。)

6. My parents have two sons and one daughter. We are a happy family. __________ brothers, as well as I, always feel grateful for our parents' love.

(A) all my (B) All of (C) Both my (D) Both of

(我的父母有兩個兒子和一個女兒。我們是一個快樂的家庭。我的兩個兄弟和我一樣,時時 刻刻都感謝父母的愛。)

7. How could you expect Charles to answer this question? He is merely a(n) _________ little boy.

(A) ten years old (B) ten-years-old (C) ten-year-old (D) ten year

(你怎能期望查理斯回答這個問題?他只不過一個十歲的小男孩。)

8. An insulator can stop an electric current from flowing through it, while a conductor allows a(n) __________ of an electric current.

(A) flow easily (B) easy flow (C) easily flow (D) flow easy

(絕緣體可以阻擋電流通過,而導電體則是為了讓電流容易通過。)

9. When I was in Paris last summer, I got lost. It was simply the most terrible experience I had ever had.

Not being able to speak any French, I couldn't even make myself _______ in English by the policeman.

(A) understand (B) understanding (C) to understand (D) understood

(當我去年夏天在巴黎時,我迷路。這簡直就是我曾經遭遇的最可怕的經驗。因為不會講法 語,我甚至無法讓警察聽懂我的英語。)

10. You'd better be careful not to offend Mr. Bush. He is a man of __________ importance to our company.

Believe it or not, it'll cause you a great loss by all means if you ever annoy him.

(A) considering (B) considerable (C) considerate (D) considered

(你最好小心別冒犯布希先生。他是我們公司的一個相當重要的人。信不信由你,如果你惹惱 他,一定會造成你一個大大的損失。 )

11. If you want to lose weight, you may consider drinking milk instead of water. Drinking milk won't gain you weight, but it is much __________ to water in nutrition.

(A) richer (B) better (C) superior (D) more sufficient

(如果你想要減重,你可以考慮喝牛奶而不是水。喝牛奶不會讓你增胖,而它在營養方面也比水更優。)

12. This time, Jack really made his parents feel very __________ . He slammed the door and talked back to his parents loudly in front of the guests.

(A) ashamed (B) shameful (C) humiliated (D) humiliating

(這一次,傑克真的讓他的父母感到非常的屈辱。他在客人面前猛力關門,並大聲頂嘴。)

13. I don’t like this __________ job; I’m very __________ with it.

(A) boring; boring (B) bored; bored (C) bored; boring (D) boring; bored

(我不喜歡這個枯燥的工作; 我對它感到非常厭煩。)

14. __________ , I think I am lost. Could you please show me the way to Taichung?

(A) Policeman (B) The policeman (C) The officer (D) Officer

(長官,我想我迷路了。可否請您指引我到台中的路?

15. My best friend Kathy is really talented. She is __________ . She has written many books and she also has exhibited some of her paintings several times.

(A) writer and painter (B) a writer and a painter (C) writer and a painter (D) a writer and painter

(我最好的朋友凱西真的是有才華。她是一位作家,也是一位畫家。她已經寫了很多書,她 也已經展覽好幾次她的一些畫作。)

16. Anyone who wants to be __________ has to study very hard at first. He/She has to be well-learned in natural science and applied science as well.

(A) Edison (B) the Edison (C) Edisons (D) an Edison

(任何一位想要成為像愛迪生那麼偉大的科學家的人必須一開始就非常努力學習。他/她必須 也要精通自然科學和應用科學。)

17. He has collected __________ stamps.

(A) a great deal of (B) a large number of (C) a large amount of (D) large number of

(他已經收集許多郵票。)

18. Those __________ will be arrested.

(A) catch gambling (B) caught gambling (C) caught to gamble (D) are caught gambling

(那些被抓到賭博的人將被逮捕拘留。)

19. This is __________ .

(A) hard-earned money (B) a new-built house (C) a good-prepared speech (D) a private-owned garden

(這真是辛苦賺得的錢。)

20. __________ under the tree are the pirates’ treasures.

(A) To bury (B) Buried (C) Burying (D) Bury

(海盜們的寶藏被埋在樹下。)

【解答】

題號 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

答案 C C C D B C C B D B C C D D D D B B A B

第六章 副詞

副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞的字,也可以修飾片語、子句或整個句子等其他結構 以表示程度、方式、原因、結果、條件、時間、地點以及狀態等意義的字。

一、副詞的形成

大多數的副詞,是在形容詞的字尾加 ly 而形成,規則如下:

〈1〉一般形容詞,在字尾加 ly,尤其是情狀副詞,如: quiet→quietly(安靜地) diligent→diligently(勤勉地) brave→bravely(勇敢地)

〈2〉形容詞以 ble, gle 或 ple 作結尾的,去掉 e 加 y,如: able→ably(能幹地) simple→simply(簡單地) possible→possibly(可能)

〈3〉形容詞以子音+y 作結尾的,將 y 改成 i,再加 ly,如: angry→angrily(憤怒 地) busy→busily(忙碌地) easy→easily(輕易地)

〈4〉形容詞以 ll 作結尾的,只加 y,如: full→fully(充分地) dull→dully(乏味地)

〈5〉形容詞以 ful 為字尾的,直接加 ly,如: useful→usefully(有用地) harmful→

harmfully(有害地) awful→awfully(惡劣地;令人嫌惡地)

〈6〉形容詞以 ue 或 ole 結尾的,去掉 e 加 ly,如: true→truly(真實地) due→ duly(適當地) whole→wholly(完全地)

〈7〉形容詞以 ic 為字尾的,加 ally,如: heroic→heroically(英雄地)

automatic →automatically(自動地) democratic→democratically(民主地) 少數不以 ly 結尾的副詞,也需注意下列情形:

〈1〉有些以 ly 作結尾的字不是副詞,而是形容詞如: friendly(友好的) lovely(可愛的)

〈2〉有些副詞不以 ly 作結尾,如: quite(非常) perhaps(或許) then(那時)

〈3〉有些字如 high, low, near, far, fast, early, late, little, much, enough,副詞與形容

詞同形,且意思相同。但也有意思不相同者,如: pretty(漂亮的 Adj.;相當地 Adv.) hard(困難的 Adj.; 辛苦地 Adv.)

〈4〉在名詞或形容詞的字頭加 a,構成副詞,如: head→ahead(向前) way→ away(離開) side→aside(到旁邊) loud→aloud(大聲地)

〈5〉名詞字尾加 wise, ward, wards, way,構成副詞,如: clock→clockwise(順時針方向地) back→backwards(向後) north→northwards(向北) side→ sideways(橫向地)

half→halfway(中途地) 二、副詞的種類

種類 例字

簡 單 副 詞

狀態副詞 fluently, happily, quickly, slowly, easily, hard, well, fast, ……

頻率副詞 always, usually, often, once, sometimes, seldom, never, ...

程度副詞 very, much, so, too, enough, almost, quite, a little, rather, ...

時間副詞 soon, then, today, yesterday, last week, next year, in May, ...

地方副詞 here, there, home, out, everywhere, outdoors, indoors, ...

肯定/否定副詞 yes, certainly, indeed, really, perhaps, no, not, never,……

疑問副詞 Where, When, Why, How (引導疑問句)

關係副詞 where, when, why, how →請參閱第九章從屬連接詞

三、副詞的用法及位置

1. They walked slowly.  slowly 修飾不及物動詞 walked (他們走得很慢。)

2. The snow continued to fall heavily.  heavily 修飾不定詞 to fall (雪繼續下得很大。)

在文檔中 二級文法 (頁 43-49)