• 沒有找到結果。

第五章 流量分析指標與斷流之關係

第二節 IHA 與斷流之關係

從平均值或中位數之檢定結果而知,如表5-1、5-2、5-3 與 5-4 所示,從 IHA 各項分析指標經由 t 檢定所求出的結果中,頻繁斷流發生前後的各項流量 指標大多並未有顯著差異,可見位在斷流區段之下游的有勝溪流量測站所蒐集 的流量資料無法完整且真實反映上游流量是否發生變異。因此,以下游流量站 資料代入IHA 所分析的結果,僅能概括性反映整個流域的流量特性。IHA 各項 指標並無明顯差異,此說明有勝溪在2012 年之後發生頻繁斷流現象,皆難以反 映在有勝溪觀測之流量上,顯示斷流河段現地觀測之必要性,如進一步地在斷 流河段設置即時水位監測站,才能有效掌握斷流區段流量變化。

若依照IHA 所定義的各流量指標與其對生態系統之影響內容提到,流量變 化顯示對水生與陸地動植物生態系、河流與洪氾區營養鹽與有機物質交換作 用、河道沉積物對棲地的改變以及河床裸露引起乾旱等影響,上述現象皆會受 到斷流的影響,卻無法反映在下游流量站的觀測流量變化上,再次顯示斷流河 段現地觀測之必要性。

呈上所述,有勝溪斷流區段除了運用本研究所建置斷流預警系統進行預測 之外,還需要在斷流處直接量測,以掌握該區段流量變化,避免下游流量測站 無法有效反映上游斷流處的流量變化,藉以掌握斷流對櫻花鉤吻鮭棲地生態的 威脅程度,以此提供政府與研究相關單位做為櫻花鉤吻鮭棲地生態保育之參 考。

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流路主要呈直線狀,斷流次數少,就算SPI-1<0 及流量<0.531CMS 也不易發生斷 流;但是,在2012 年 8 月之後開始發生明顯且頻繁性斷流,有勝溪河道受到河

56

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 目前僅採用中央氣象局季長期預報的雨量預報機率值直接輸入至氣象合成 模式,但尚未考量季長期預報資料本身的準確性,可能為導致雨量模擬結果 準確性不高之原因。故建議未來應將季長期預報之準確性納入預警模式中。

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63 附錄

附圖1 2001 年有勝溪流量變化

附圖2 2004 年有勝溪流量變化

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附圖3 2005 年有勝溪流量變化

附圖4 2006 年有勝溪流量變化

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附圖5 2008 年有勝溪流量變化

附圖6 2009 年有勝溪流量變化

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附表1 1995~2017 年 SPI-1、SPI-3、SPI-6、SPI-9 及 SPI-12 結果

年 月 1 3 6 9 12

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68

69

70

71

72

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2016 12 0.17 0.54 0.58 0.29 0.59 2017 1 -0.43 0.53 0.78 0.29 0.35 2017 2 -0.1 -0.35 1.23 0.4 0.37 2017 3 0.38 -0.2 0.34 0.49 0.19 2017 4 0.35 0.11 0.39 0.75 0.28 2017 5 0.21 0.32 -0.03 1.26 0.44 2017 6 0.56 0.43 0.15 0.42 0.55 2017 7 -0.86 -0.45 -0.36 -0.15 0.35 2017 8 -1.71 -1.94 -1.28 -1.18 0.11 2017 9 -1.57 -2.61 -1.8 -1.61 -1

74

75

76

77

78

79

80

81

82

83

2016 B N 1 N 1

62% 81%

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附表14 氣象合成模式所計算出 1 月至 4 月 BNA 各類的降雨平均特性

時間 參考測站

合理修正後 的有勝溪門 檻低值(%)

合理修正後 的有勝溪門 檻高值(%)

BNA σP PW P(W|W) P(W|D)

1 月 台北 31 71

B 1.94 0.55 0.65 0.51 N 3.84 0.75 0.79 0.67 A 6.44 0.75 0.79 0.67

2 月 台中 46 87

B 1.61 0.59 0.71 0.43 N 2.91 0.74 0.77 0.71 A 8.68 0.74 0.77 0.71

3 月 台中 14 80

B 1.66 0.48 0.59 0.41 N 3.96 0.56 0.66 0.38 A 8.19 0.56 0.66 0.38

4 月 台中 50 72

B 1.50 0.45 0.56 0.35 N 2.57 0.66 0.75 0.52 A 6.37 0.66 0.75 0.52

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附表15 氣象合成模式所計算出 5 月至 8 月 BNA 各類的降雨平均特性

時間 參考測站

合理修正後 的有勝溪門 檻低值(%)

合理修正後 的有勝溪門 檻高值(%)

BNA σP PW P(W|W) P(W|D)

5 月 台中 34 64

B 2.57 0.46 0.54 0.36 N 5.73 0.77 0.82 0.66 A 10.11 0.77 0.82 0.66

6 月 台中 27 45

B 4.55 0.54 0.71 0.33 N 7.13 0.77 0.83 0.58 A 11.09 0.77 0.83 0.58

7 月 花蓮 40 87

B 2.17 0.48 0.59 0.41 N 5.43 0.58 0.70 0.43 A 19.28 0.58 0.70 0.43

8 月 台中 41 59

B 4.93 0.67 0.72 0.60 N 9.41 0.75 0.82 0.62 A 20.88 0.75 0.82 0.62

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附表16 氣象合成模式所計算出 9 月至 12 月 BNA 各類的降雨平均特性

時間 參考測站

合理修正後 的有勝溪門 檻低值(%)

合理修正後 的有勝溪門 檻高值(%)

BNA σP PW P(W|W) P(W|D)

9 月 台中 59 72

B 5.14 0.84 0.83 0.85 N 7.68 0.85 0.87 0.77 A 19.80 0.85 0.87 0.77

10 月 台北 37 86

B 3.73 0.65 0.76 0.47 N 7.54 0.84 0.87 0.75 A 20.45 0.84 0.87 0.75

11 月 花蓮 36 68

B 3.63 0.67 0.72 0.56 N 6.28 0.75 0.83 0.65 A 11.61 0.75 0.83 0.65

12 月 台北 14 60

B 3.11 0.64 0.76 0.52 N 6.29 0.89 0.88 0.96 A 11.11 0.89 0.88 0.96

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附表17 1999 至 2016 年 1 至 6 月模擬與實測月總雨量之比較(單位為 mm)

Jan_模擬 Jan_實測Feb_模擬Feb_實測 Mar_模擬 Mar_實測 Apr_模擬 Apr_實測 May_模擬 May_實測 Jun_模擬 Jun_實測 1999 144.03 118.5 120.28 53.3 149.36 169.6 106.14 83.5 128 0 175.71 142 2000 253.93 141.5 264.16 374 266.355 112.6 185.57 240.5 239.02 126.6 181.26 240.3 2001 116.635 202.5 103.29 64 129.325 146.5 101.89 226 139.625 280.1 172.765 180 2002 120.295 76.5 103.4 68 128.81 31 95.91 25 123.82 131 176.845 165 2003 130.92 87 125.71 41.9 153.685 69.5 109.74 125.5 141.775 46.5 195.305 264 2004 230.215 84 174.69 230.5 244.125 151 179.75 127.5 220.855 187 310.315 101 2005 111.435 102.5 90.34 228 126.12 360.5 96.25 60 126.4 385.5 182.66 192.5 2006 110.985 193.5 90.475 147.5 125.93 147.5 95.375 210.5 126.76 406.5 158.51 536.5 2007 130.28 225 118.83 58 151.4 115 111.745 192.5 141.7 144 196.85 287 2008 239.52 115.6 181.125 188 255.8 115.5 185.43 64 229.03 170 265.81 92 2009 226.13 61 169.07 74 128.16 198 96.53 202.5 216.3 68.5 303.14 193.5 2010 117.285 107 95.125 200 131.71 49.5 100.575 151 131.64 87 163.27 297 2011 111.435 148 117.25 78.5 118.76 115.5 87.995 32 116.07 309 146.24 110.5 2012 219.995 166 166.755 205.5 256.18 76.5 185.13 168.5 210.34 247.5 245.555 362 2013 116.595 142.5 95.425 48 124.315 56 97.73 275 129.5 254.5 159.715 119.5 2014 117.285 23.5 95.26 181.5 124.35 109.5 95.29 76 94.13 273 160.8 195.5 2015 116.84 77 93.315 68.5 123.925 124 94.77 53 125.91 118 158.39 42.5 2016 235.51 292.5 341.57 128.5 250.865 270 183.2 94.5 224.83 111.5 262.38 206.5

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附表18 1999 至 2016 年 7 至 12 月模擬與實測月總雨量之比較(單位為 mm)

Jul_模擬 Jul_實測 Aug_模擬Aug_實測 Sep_模擬 Sep_實測 Oct_模擬 Oct_實測 Nov_模擬 Nov_實測 Des_模擬 Des_實測 1999 133.05 220 167.17 342.5 146.28 277 173.16 275.5 199.3 127.5 240.02 271.8 2000 275.745 319.2 226.80 779.5 182.915 132.5 207.6 502.5 227.06 421.5 299.405 312 2001 130.81 630.1 166.86 113 147.72 1305 181.25 176 200.45 132 234.135 131.5 2002 111.535 439.5 149.70 122.5 130.805 201.5 151.41 229 179.81 159.5 222.105 208.5 2003 123.77 65 160.36 160.9 137.985 469 158.7 253 182.24 309 221.4 47.5 2004 177.275 375 209.92 642 168.53 315.5 185.64 306 208.23 92 273.775 357 2005 114.23 828 152.00 566 133.5 298.5 157.14 745 184.49 236.5 229.43 130 2006 120.65 554 157.59 264 143.39 523.5 170.315 161.5 193.15 262.5 236.91 276 2007 126.09 79 161.83 969 170.955 489 165.55 804.2 188.79 538.3 232.71 79.8 2008 169.21 1049.5 217.18 98 172.79 1738.5 192.76 220 214.57 208.5 284.17 143 2009 175.02 69.5 150.87 658.5 164.55 129.5 184.515 579 205.33 133.5 269.74 97.5 2010 110.745 221.5 155.89 161.5 135.18 276.5 158.54 485 188.91 208 230.64 133 2011 103.11 107 143.68 334 123.84 220 141.18 678.5 173.27 390 214.95 341 2012 169.015 646.5 216.92 977.5 158.39 298 177.71 114 198.64 189.5 261 212 2013 113.8 241 151.28 277.3 131.475 589 149.22 300.6 165.95 163 200.16 102.5 2014 115.34 457 153.67 142 134.55 128.5 160.5 228 183.145 201.5 228.85 199.5 2015 116.255 205.4 151.71 585 136.195 430 159.19 188 180.2 123.5 229.56 108 2016 180.93 232.5 214.08 162.5 170.06 941 189.69 414.5 211.42 330.5 279.535 177.5

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