5. Conclusion and Discussion
5.4. Limitations
The researcher acknowledges several limitations in this study. The first limitation is the sampling. Most participants reside in Jakarta, Indonesia, the location at which the incident occurred, therefore the results may not be able to be generalized and applied to the other
DOI:10.6814/THE.NCCU.IMICS.006.2018.F05 demographic groups since location of residence might influence the individuals’ behaviors during a crisis situation. Additionally, this study found that most participants used mobile instant messengers to respond to the terrorist attacks. It is important to retrieve the participants’
conversations on mobile instant messenger in order to understand more deeply about their behaviors and responses during terrorist attacks. However, the researcher failed to obtain the conversations of the participants’ mobile instant messengers due to several factors. The conversations on mobile instant messengers are considered private for the participants. Moreover, there are some technical problems, for instance it is hard to track back the conversations from a long time ago or participants may have deleted the conversation and cannot retrieve it again.
Therefore, this study relies only on the interview data and the observation on their open social media platform to analyze their behaviors during terrorist attacks.
With regard to the Twitter content analysis, this present investigation attempts to understand online conversations related to terrorist attacks by retrieving Twitter data, a widely used platform for online discussions in Indonesia. Previous studies used the same method to gain insights about the public’s online responses at the time of crisis situations. However, there are still some other online channels used for online crisis discussions (e.g., Facebook, blog, YouTube) which were not explored in this study. Therefore, future studies can conduct comprehensive investigations regarding the online response during terrorist attacks by analyzing other social media content. The use of Twitter content analysis presents several problems to understand online opinions about crisis communication. First, it is difficult to mine all tweets embedding the hashtag as Twitter restricts historical data retrieval. Consequently, this study only analyzes a limited number of tweets to scrutinize the conversations. Furthermore, as an open platform, the tweets are potentially contaminated by fake accounts, spam, promotional messages, robots and so on. Manual
DOI:10.6814/THE.NCCU.IMICS.006.2018.F05 data cleaning has been conducted to address this problem; however, there are still possibilities that tweets from fake accounts and robots are still analyzed in this study. To address these weaknesses, future research can consider using a mixed-method approach to analyze different datasets for complementary or triangulating purposes, similar to this present research.
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