The main organization of this thesis can be divided into three parts, which include the theoretical analyses, the characterization methods and the fabrication methods of the fiber gratings. In the introductory chapter, we describe the history of the fiber gratings and the purposes of this thesis research. It contains the review of the previous works and the challenges of the proposed methods. The chapter 2 describes the synthesis of fiber gratings, which include a short introduction on various types of fiber gratings and the developed methods for the design of complex fiber grating structures. In chapter 3, we improve the measurement methods based on the balanced Michelson interferometer method and the side-diffraction technique for the characterization of fiber gratings. The complex reflection spectrum and the complex coupling coefficient can be obtained by using the proposed
analysis process. In chapter 4, we setup the auto-controlled fabrication system and propose three new fabrication methods to actually fabricate advanced fiber gratings with the desired complex grating structures. The proposed methods can be based on the phase mask or the two-beam interferometer setups to write long, complex fiber gratings. We also develop the Labview program to control the fabrication process. So that the accuracy and repetibility of the fabrication process can be enhanced. Finally, in chapter 5 we draw a conclusion of this research and provide directions for performing further research related to this topic.
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