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78 previous studies (Duflo 2012; Matland 1998; Stockemer 2015). This finding suggests that economic development has a positive impact on the percentage of female representatives in the lower chamber.
Overall, the coefficient for the interaction term of gender quota laws and
egalitarianism of political institutions is statistically significant across all models and it has a significant positive effect on the increase of women's political representation.
Therefore, this explains more thoroughly the different tendencies of female political representation observed in Latin American countries. Countries with gender quota laws and a higher degree of the egalitarianism of political institutions tend to have higher levels of women in the lower chambers compared to their counterparts with gender quota laws and a lower degree of egalitarianism the political institutions.
With all the evidence provided, this research fully supports the argument that gender quota laws and egalitarian political institutions are, in fact, engines for greater political representation of women in Latin America. Therefore, the policy implication of this study suggests that it is necessary for Latin American countries with female political
underrepresentation to design and implement effective gender quota laws, but at the same time work to make political institutions in favor of more egalitarianism.
5.3 Research Limitations and Future Studies
In this research, for both quantitative and qualitative approach, I am relying on existing data, therefore the self-reported data can be limited by the fact that I cannot independently verify it. In addition, there was a lack of data. Data on these Latin
American countries were not available for the observations of some of the variables, as is the case of women’s enrollment on secondary education.
Moreover, cross-examinations and references from other data sets would have been more beneficial for measuring the degree of egalitarianism of political institutions.
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79 However, there was no other data set that measured the degree of the egalitarianism of political institutions with data available for Latin American countries. Regarding the method employed, because mixed methods research demand more resources than the studies that only employ one method, my research might be slightly affected by my limitations of resources and time.
The results presented in this thesis contributes to the existing literature and opens the doors for future research. In general, this research provides solid support for the
statement that the impact of the gender quota system is conditioned by the degree of the egalitarianism of political institutions. Future study agenda could focus on gathering primary data in this region to solve the data limitations. It would be interesting to explore how civil society organizations can help overcome the barriers created by political parties that weaken women's opportunities to access political functions of power. Additionally, future research can include other Latin American countries, or even include the
Caribbean region as well. This would enable the researcher to control for other characteristics such as language, colonial past, culture, and so on.
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