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表 1 樣本篩選

選取標準 觀察值個數

2007 年至 2011 年台灣之上市（櫃）公司/年度觀察值 7,896

減：屬金融、證券、壽險產業之公司/年度觀察值 (348)

個別產業於各年度數量少於 10 個之觀察值 (111)

缺乏計算異常應計項目所需資料之觀察值 (150)

缺乏計算控制變數所需資料之觀察值 (1,098)

本研究觀察值個數 6,189

表 2 各產業在各年度之樣本分布

TEJ 產業代碼

公司/年度樣本數(%)

產業別

2007 年 2008 年 2009 年 2010 年 2011 年

樣本數 (%) 樣本數 (%) 樣本數 (%) 樣本數 (%) 樣本數 (%) 合計 (%)

11 水泥 11 (0.95) 11 (0.93) 11 (0.90) 11 (0.87) 11 (0.81) 55 (0.89) 12 食品 23 (1.98) 23 (1.94) 26 (2.12) 28 (2.21) 31 (2.30) 131 (2.12) 13 石化塑膠 31 (2.67) 30 (2.53) 30 (2.45) 30 (2.37) 32 (2.37) 153 (2.47) 14 紡織人纖 64 (5.51) 64 (5.40) 63 (5.14) 64 (5.06) 66 (4.89) 321 (5.19) 15 機電設備 68 (5.85) 68 (5.73) 71 (5.79) 73 (5.77) 78 (5.78) 358 (5.78) 16 電線 10 (0.86) 10 (0.84) 10 (0.82) 11 (0.87) 11 (0.81) 52 (0.84) 17 化學 71 (6.11) 75 (6.32) 81 (6.61) 86 (6.80) 97 (7.19) 410 (6.62) 20 鋼鐵 46 (3.96) 47 (3.96) 47 (3.83) 49 (3.87) 51 (3.78) 240 (3.88) 21 橡膠輪胎 11 (0.95) 11 (0.93) 11 (0.90) 12 (0.95) 13 (0.96) 58 (0.94) 23 電子 678 (58.35) 697 (58.77) 725 (59.14) 739 (58.42) 785 (58.15) 3,624 (58.56) 25 營建 57 (4.91) 58 (4.89) 59 (4.81) 64 (5.06) 69 (5.11) 307 (4.96) 26 運輸 22 (1.89) 22 (1.85) 23 (1.88) 25 (1.98) 26 (1.93) 118 (1.91) 27 觀光 13 (1.12) 13 (1.10) 13 (1.06) 14 (1.11) 15 (1.11) 68 (1.10) 29 百貨 16 (1.38) 16 (1.35) 15 (1.22) 17 (1.34) 18 (1.33) 82 (1.32) 99 其它 41 (3.53) 41 (3.46) 41 (3.34) 42 (3.32) 47 (3.48) 212 (3.43) 合計 1,162 (100.00) 1,186 (100.00) 1,226 (100.00) 1,265 (100.00) 1,350 (100.00) 6,189 (100.00)

表 3 變數說明彙總表

變數名稱變數說明預期方向變數衡量方式

應變數：

|𝐷𝐴| 裁量性應計數絕對值裁量性應計數取絕對值。

自變數：

𝑅𝑃𝑇_𝑆𝐴𝐿𝐸 關係人銷貨交易金額＋關係人銷貨交易金額以億元衡量。

𝑅𝑃𝑇_𝑃𝑈𝑅𝐶𝐻𝐴𝑆𝐸 關係人進貨交易金額＋關係人進貨交易金額以億元衡量。

𝑅𝑃𝑇_𝐴𝑅 關係人應收款項交易金額＋關係人應收款項交易金額以億元衡量。

𝑅𝑃𝑇_𝐴𝑃 關係人應付款項交易金額＋關係人應付款項交易金額以億元衡量。

𝐵𝐼𝐺4 簽證會計師事務所若公司係由四大會計師事務所查核者為 1，否則為 0。

𝐸𝑋𝑃𝐸𝑅𝑇 產業專家以銷貨收入為衡量基礎的簽證會計師事務所產業市佔率，最

高者為該產業之產業專家，其值為 1，否則為 0。

控制變數：

𝑆𝐼𝑍𝐸 公司規模－期末總資產取自然對數。

𝐶𝐹𝑂 營業活動現金流量－以營業活動現金流量除以期初總資產。

𝑆𝑇𝐷_𝐶𝐹𝑂 前四期營業活動現金流量標準差＋前四期營業活動現金流量除以期初總資產之標準差。

𝐿𝐸𝑉 負債比率＋以期末總負債除以期末總資產。

𝐿𝑂𝑆𝑆 當期淨損＋淨利為負數者為 1，否則為 0。

𝑃𝐵 市值比＋以期末市值除以期末股東權益帳面價值。

𝑇𝐸𝑁𝑈𝑅𝐸 會計師事務所任期－簽證會計師事務所之累積查核任期。

表 4 敘述統計量 (n=6,189)

變數平均數中位數標準差最小值 Q1 Q3 最大值

|DA|

0.127 0.082 0.148 0.000 0.036 0.165 1.486

RPT_SALE

5.559 0.021 21.170 0.000 0.000 1.244 152.279

RPT_PURC

HASE

5.598 0.004 24.401 0.000 0.000 0.681 187.643

RPT_AR

1.093 0.001 4.169 0.000 0.000 0.236 30.716

RPT_AP

0.929 0.000 4.191 0.000 0.000 0.115 32.998

SIZE

15.277 15.105 1.418 12.416 14.292 16.048 19.638

CFO

0.072 0.068 0.117 -0.325 0.009 0.138 0.405

SD_CFO

0.075 0.057 0.068 0.002 0.033 0.093 0.423

LEV

0.414 0.415 0.181 0.061 0.275 0.540 0.886

LOSS

0.222 0.000 0.416 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.000

PB

1.553 1.230 1.160 0.190 0.800 1.900 7.020

TENURE

11.934 12.000 6.558 1.000 7.000 17.000 27.000

BIG4

0.830 1.000 0.375 0.000 1.000 1.000 1.000

EXPERT

0.282 0.000 0.450 0.000 0.000 1.000 1.000

註一：Q1 與 Q3 分別代表第一四分位差與第三四分位差。

註二：|DA|=裁量性應計數絕對值；RPT_SALE=關係人銷貨交易金額（億元）；RPT_PURCHASE=

關係人進貨交易金額（億元）；RPT_AR=關係人應收款項交易金額（億元）；RPT_AP=關係

人應付款項交易金額（億元）；SIZE=公司規模；CFO=營業活動現金流量；STD_CFO=前四

期營業活動現金流量標準差；LEV=負債比率；LOSS=當期淨損；PB=市值比；TENURE=會 計師事務所任期；BIG4=簽證會計師事務所，為四大會計師事務所者為 1，否則為 0；

EXPERT=產業專家，簽證會計師事務所產業市佔率最高者為 1，否則為 0。

表 5 相關係數表

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

1. |DA| -0.2262^* -0.1761^* -0.2281^* -0.1877^* -0.6178^* -0.1289^* 0.2505^* -0.1275^* 0.2479^* 0.0936^* -0.1954^* -0.0769^* -0.0576^* 2. RPT_SALE -0.0987^* 0.5539^* 0.9125^* 0.5349^* 0.3916^* 0.0554^* -0.0920^* 0.1040^* -0.0584^* -0.0041 0.1431^* 0.0361^* 0.1057^* 3. RPT_PURCHASE -0.0668^* 0.6233^* 0.5204^* 0.8362^* 0.3533^* 0.0024 -0.0678^* 0.1565^* -0.0349^* 0.0120 0.1059^* 0.0260^* 0.1061^* 4. RPT_AR -0.0998^* 0.9084^* 0.5722^* 0.5235^* 0.3693^* 0.0633^* -0.1179^* 0.0914^* -0.0583^* -0.0080 0.1284^* 0.0410^* 0.0923^* 5. RPT_AP -0.0684^* 0.6247^* 0.9017^* 0.5942^* 0.3626^* 0.0163 -0.0945^* 0.1670^* -0.0370^* 0.0179 0.1045^* 0.0411^* 0.0979^* 6. SIZE -0.5292^* 0.4286^* 0.4136^* 0.4122^* 0.4176^* 0.1036^* -0.2021^* 0.3023^* -0.2071^* -0.1089^* 0.2914^* 0.1083^* 0.0911^* 7. CFO -0.2086^* 0.0596^* 0.0348^* 0.0543^* 0.0363^* 0.1194^* -0.0504^* -0.2564^* -0.3400^* 0.2632^* -0.0105 0.1409^* 0.0665^* 8. SD_CFO 0.3708^* -0.0588^* -0.0307^* -0.0650^* -0.0333^* -0.2231^* -0.1259^* 0.0455^* 0.0710^* 0.1595^* -0.1215^* -0.0461^* -0.0292^* 9. LEV -0.0773^* 0.1078^* 0.1229^* 0.0993^* 0.1255^* 0.2868^* -0.2419^* 0.0720^* 0.1527^* -0.1144^* 0.0530^* -0.0480^* -0.0148 10. LOSS 0.2749^* -0.0341^* -0.0409^* -0.0333^* -0.0201 -0.1929^* -0.3041^* 0.0888^* 0.1670^* -0.1899^* -0.0679^* -0.0857^* -0.0789^* 11. PB 0.2005^* -0.0134 0.0316^* -0.0087 0.0280^* -0.1151^* 0.2376^* 0.2071^* -0.0600^* -0.1045^* -0.1356^* 0.0775^* 0.0613^* 12. TENURE -0.2149^* 0.0723^* 0.0529^* 0.0420^* 0.0568^* 0.3028^* -0.0039 -0.1330^* 0.0421^* -0.0680^* -0.1609^* 0.0818^* 0.0418^* 13. BIG4 -0.1255^* 0.0725^* 0.0594^* 0.0785^* 0.0671^* 0.1310^* 0.1293^* -0.0855^* -0.0609^* -0.0857^* 0.0427^* 0.0727^* 0.2836^* 14. EXPERT -0.0475^* 0.0878^* 0.0737^* 0.0704^* 0.0636^* 0.1159^* 0.0603^* -0.0220^* -0.0189 -0.0789^* 0.0568^* 0.0411^* 0.2836^*

註一：表中左下半為 Pearson 相關係數；右上半為 Spearman 相關係數。

註二：*為 10%的顯著水準。

Industry and Year dummies included

N

6,189 6,189 6,189 6,189

Adj. R

² 0.4317 0.4348 0.4292 0.4342

F value

181.78 184.11 179.99 183.62

註一：括弧內數字為 t 值，*、**及***分別代表 10%、5%及 1%之顯著水準。

Industry and Year dummies included

N

5,139 1,050 5,139 1,050

R-squared

0.3884 0.6020 0.4728 0.3934

Adj. R

² 0.3853 0.5919 0.4683 0.3903

F value

124.84 59.52 105.82 127.52

註一：括弧內數字為 t 值，*、**及***分別代表 10%、5%及 1%之顯著水準。

Industry and Year dummies included

N

5,139 1,050 5,139 1,050

R-squared

0.3860 0.6000 0.3934 0.5962

Adj. R

² 0.3828 0.5898 0.3903 0.5860

F value

123.58 59.01 127.50 58.10

註一：括弧內數字為 t 值，*、**及***分別代表 10%、5%及 1%之顯著水準。

Industry and Year dummies included

N

1,748 4,441 1,748 4,441

R-squared

0.3733 0.4676 0.3837 0.4677

Adj. R

² 0.3638 0.4645 0.3744 0.4645

F value

39.43 149.12 41.21 149.16

註一：括弧內數字為 t 值，*、**及***分別代表 10%、5%及 1%之顯著水準。

Industry and Year dummies included

N

1,748 4,441 1,748 4,441

R-squared

0.4492 0.3725 0.3827 0.4673

Adj. R

² 0.4445 0.3630 0.3734 0.4641

F value

96.22 39.29 41.04 148.91

註一：括弧內數字為 t 值，*、**及***分別代表 10%、5%及 1%之顯著水準。

表 9 鄒氏測試結果

變數銷貨交易

在文檔中相同會計師查核關係人企業與審計品質之研究 (頁 58-70)