APS, ammonium persulfate; AUC, area under the curve; CR, cystein-rich; DMEM, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;
E. coli, Escherichia coli; FBS, fatal bovine serum; GLUT4, glucose transporter 4; IR,
insulin receptor; IRBP, IR-binding protein; mTORC2, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2; MS, mass spectrometry; MC, Momordica charantia Linn.;
PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; PI3K, phosphoinositide-3-kinase;
PDK1, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1; SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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Funding
This work was supported by grants from National Research Program for Biopharmaceuticals (NSC101-2325-B-039-007, NSC102-2325-B-039-007, and MOST103-2325-B-039-002), Ministry of Science and Technology (NSC101-2320-B-039-034-MY3, NSC101-3114-Y-466-002, NSC102-2632-B-039-001-MY3, and MOST103-2815-C-039-044-B), Council of Agriculture (103AS-14.3.2-ST-a1), China Medical University (CMU101-S-21, CMU101-AWARD-09, CMU102-NSC-04, and CMU103-SR-44), and CMU under the Aim for Top University Plan of the Ministry of Education, Taiwan.
Notes
The authors declare no competing financial interest.
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