y Fy
Ke
Ke KP
Displacement Force
2.12
(a) Flag-Shaped Model
1
(b)Stiffness Degrading Flag-Shaped Model 2.13
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 Lateral Displacement (mm)
0 50 100 150 200 250
Lateral Force (kN)
Specimen 1 Specimen 2
Test Analysis
2.14
-160 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Lateral Force (kN)
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%)
FS Model Test
2.15 (FS Model) 1 1
-20 -10 0 10 20 Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) Drift 0.6 % FS Model
Test
-40 -20 0 20 40
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(b) Drift 1.5 % FS Model
Test
-90 -45 0 45 90
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(c) Drift 3 % FS Model
Test
-120 -60 0 60 120
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(d) Drift 4 %
FS Model Test
-140 -70 0 70 140
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(e) Drift 5 %
FS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(f) Drift 6 %
FS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
FS Model
2.16 (FS Model) 1 1
Drift (%) 0
3 6 9 12 15
Elastic Stiffness (kN/mm)
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5
FS Model SDFS Model Test
0.6 6
2.17 1 1
Drift (%) 0
1 2 3 4 5
Inelastic Stiffness (kN/mm) FS Model SDFS Model Test
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5 6
2.18 1 1
Drift (%)
0 5000 10000 15000 20000
Hysteretic Energy (kN-mm)
FS Model SDFS Model Test
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5 6
2.19 1 1
Drift (%)
0 5 10 15 20 25
Yield Displacement (mm) FS Model SDFS Model Test
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5 6
0.6
2.20 1 1
Drift (%) 0
40 80 120 160 200 240
Yield Force (kN)
FS Model SDFS Model
Test
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5 6
0.6
2.21 1 1
-160 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Lateral Force (kN)
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%)
FS Model Test
2.22 (FS Model) 2 1
-20 -10 0 10 20 Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) Drift 0.6 %
FS Model Test
-40 -20 0 20 40
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(b) Drift 1.5 % FS Model
Test
-90 -45 0 45 90
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(c) Drift 3 %
FS Model Test
-120 -60 0 60 120
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(d) Drift 4 % FS Model
Test
-140 -70 0 70 140
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(e) Drift 5 %
FS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(f) Drift 6 % FS Model
Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
FS Model
2.23 (FS Model) 2 1
Drift (%) 0
3 6 9 12 15
Elastic Stiffness (kN/mm)
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5 6
0.6 FS Model SDFS Model Test
2.24 2 1
Drift (%) 0
1 2 3 4 5
Inelastic Stiffness (kN/mm)
FS Model SDFS Model Test
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5 6
2.25 2 1
Drift (%) 0
5000 10000 15000 20000
Hysteretic Energy (kN-mm)
FS Model SDFS Model Test
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5 6
2.26 2 1
Drift (%) 0
5 10 15 20 25
Yield Displacement (mm) FS Model SDFS Model Test
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5 6
0.6
2.27 2 1
Drift (%) 0
40 80 120 160 200 240
Yield Force (kN/mm) FS Model SDFS Model Test
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5 6
0.6
2.28 2 1
∆/∆y
Stiffness Degrading Ratio (β)
1.0
0.1
A A'
B' B
C C'
Elastic Inelastic
2.29
Lateral Displacement
Lateral Force (Ultimate)
2 (First Yield)
1 Fy
F1
1 y
0
Ke
Kp
n
Fn n
2.30
6
Force
Displacement Fy
Fyα -Fy
− y
Fyα
y
2.31
6
Force
Displacement
Fyα
Fyα
-Fy
− y Fy
y
2.32
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN) -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6Drift (%) α=0.46
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN) -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6Drift (%) α=0.92
-160 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Lateral Force (kN)
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%)
α=0.46 α=0.92
2.33
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
∆/∆y 0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Stiffness Degrading Ratio
Elastic
Inelastic Specimen 1
Specimen 2 Analysis
2.34 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
∆/∆y 0
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2
Stiffness Degrading Ratio
Elastic
Inelastic Specimen 1
Specimen 2 Analysis
2.35 2
-160 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 160 Lateral Displacement (mm)
-250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Lateral Force (kN)
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%)
SDFS Model Test
2.36 1
-160 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Lateral Force (kN)
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%)
FS Model Test
2.37 2
-20 -10 0 10 20 Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) Drift 0.6 %
SDFS Model Test
-40 -20 0 20 40
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(b) Drift 1.5 % SDFS Model
Test
-90 -45 0 45 90
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(c) Drift 3 %
SDFS Model Test
-120 -60 0 60 120
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(d) Drift 4 %
SDFS Model Test
-140 -70 0 70 140
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(e) Drift 5 % SDFS Model
Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(f) Drift 6 %
SDFS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
SDFS Model
2.38 (SDFS Model) 1 1
-20 -10 0 10 20 Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) Drift 0.6 % SDFS Model
Test
-40 -20 0 20 40
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(b) Drift 1.5 %
SDFS Model Test
-90 -45 0 45 90
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(c) Drift 3 %
SDFS Model Test
-120 -60 0 60 120
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(d) Drift 4 %
SDFS Model Test
-140 -70 0 70 140
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(e) Drift 5 % SDFS Model
Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(f) Drift 6 %
SDFS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
SDFS Model
2.39 (SDFS Model) 2 1
1
2
3 4 9
10
11
12
13 Force
Displacement Fy
β+e2Fy
β+e2α+Fy α+Fy
-χFy -χβ−e6Fy -χβ−e6α−Fy
y
− y
0
Ke
Kp
Ke β+e2Ke
6
18 8
5 14 16 15
17 7
-α−χFy
γKp
2.40
50 Ton Actuator
Footing Tie-down
Laboratory Strong Floor Laboratory
Strong Wall
3300
Curvature Instrumentation
S N
Footing
8502030420
19-15 mm Grade 270 low-relaxation prestressing strands
Segment 3340
Load Stub
3.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Cycle Number -8
-6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8
Drift (%)
6.0%
5.0%
4.0%
3.0%
1.5% 2.0%
0.6% 0.9%
0.4%
0.2%
0.15%
0.3%
0.1%
3.2
S8
Cross Strain Guages Uniaxial Strain Guages
200
Tendon Strain Gauge Location
S8,S9,S10
2030 3300 S13S12
S11
S12 S4
S2 S3 S11
Cross Strain GuagesUniaxial Strain Guages
200 Section B-BS9,S10
S5,S6,S4,S8
840
N
Tendon Strain Gauge Location
S11,S12
2030 3300 S10
S9
-160 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 160 Lateral Displacement (mm)
-250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Lateral Force (kN)
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1Drift (%)0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Pull Direction Push Direction
3.5 1 2
-0 40 80 120 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) 0
50 100 150 200 250
Lateral Force (kN)
1st Test (6% Drift) 2nd Test (Envelope)
3.6 1 1 = +0.06 2
-0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 Strain Gauge on Strand (%)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Axial Stress(MPa)
ks
fpu=1874 MPa
3.7
--6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%) 2400
2700 3000 3300 3600 3900 4200
Strand Force (kN)
1st Test 2nd Test Specimen 1
Specimen 2
3.8
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Drift (%)
0 5 10 15 20
Gap Opening (mm)
Segment 1 Segment 2 1st Test
2nd Test
3.9 1
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%) 0
5 10 15 20
Gap Opening (mm)
Segment 1 Segment 2 1st Test
2nd Test
3.10 2
-160 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 160
Lateral Displacement (mm)
-250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Lateral Force (kN)
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1Drift (%)0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Pull Direction Push Direction
3.11 2 2
--6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Drift (%)
Strain(%) Normalized StrainST 4ST 3ST 2
W E
N S ST2
ST4
ST3 ST1
0.76 1 2
0.5 0.6
0.7 0.8
3.12 2 2
-160 -120 -80 -40 0 40 80 120 160 Lateral Displacement (mm)
-250 -200 -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
Lateral Force (kN)
Pull Direction Push Direction
Specimen 1 2nd Test Specimen 2 2nd Test
3.13 1 2 2
--20 -10 0 10 20 Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) Drift 0.6%
FS Model Test
-40 -20 0 20 40
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(b) Drift 1.5%
FS Model Test
-80 -40 0 40 80
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(c) Drift 3.0%
FS Model Test
-120 -60 0 60 120
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(d) Drift 4.0%
FS Model Test
-130 -65 0 65 130
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(e) Drift 5.0%
FS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(f) Drift 6.0%
FS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(g) Test Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) FS Model FS Model
3.14 (FS Model) 1 2
Drift (%) 0
3 6 9 12 15
Elastic Stiffness (kN/mm)
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5
FS Model SDFS Model Test
0.6 6
3.15 1 2
Drift (%) 0
1 2 3 4 5
Inelastic Stiffness (kN-mm)
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5
FS Model SDFS Model Test
6
3.16 1 2
Drift (%) 0
5000 10000 15000 20000
Hysteretic Energy (kN-mm)
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5
FS Model SDFS Model Test
3.17 1 2
Drift (%) 0
5 10 15 20 25
Yield Displacement (mm)
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5
FS Model SDFS Model Test
6
3.18 1 2
Drift (%) 0
40 80 120 160 200 240
Yield Force (kN)
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5
FS Model SDFS Model Test
6
3.19 1 2
-20 -10 0 10 20 Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) Drift 0.6%
FS Model Test
-40 -20 0 20 40
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(b) Drift 1.5%
FS Model Test
-90 -45 0 45 90
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(d) Drift 3.0%
FS Model Test
-60 -30 0 30 60
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(c) Drift 2.0%
FS Model Test
-140 -70 0 70 140
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(e) Drift 4.0%
FS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(f) Drift 5.0%
FS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(g) Test Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) FS Model FS Model
3.20 (FS Model) 2 2
Drift (%) 0
3 6 9 12 15
Elastic Stiffness (kN/mm)
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5
0.6 FS Model SDFS Model Test
3.21 2 2
Drift (%) 0
1 2 3 4 5
Inelastic Stiffness (kN/mm)
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5
FS Model SDFS Model Test
3.22 2 2
Drift (%) 0
5000 10000 15000 20000
Hysteretic Energy (kN-mm)
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5
FS Model SDFS Model Test
3.23 2 2
Drift (%) 0
5 10 15 20 25
Yield Displacement (mm)
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5
FS Model SDFS Model Test
3.24 2 2
Drift (%) 0
40 80 120 160 200 240
Yield Displacement (mm)
0.9 1.5 2 3 4 5
FS Model SDFS Model Test
3.25 2 2
-20 -10 0 10 20 Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) Drift 0.6%
SDFS Model Test
-40 -20 0 20 40
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(b) Drift 1.5%
SDFS Model Test
-90 -45 0 45 90
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(c) Drift 3.0%
SDFS Model Test
-120 -60 0 60 120
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(d) Drift 4.0%
SDFS Model Test
-140 -70 0 70 140
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(e) Drift 5.0%
SDFS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(f) Drift 6.0%
SDFS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(g) Test Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) FS Model FS Model
3.26 (SDFS Model) 1 2
( )
-20 -10 0 10 20 Lateral Displacement (mm) -160
-80 0 80 160
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) Drift 0.6%
SDFS Model Test
-40 -20 0 20 40
Lateral Displacement (mm) -160
-80 0 80 160
Lateral Force (kN)
(b) Drift 1.5%
SDFS Model Test
-80 -40 0 40 80
Lateral Displacement (mm) -160
-80 0 80 160
Lateral Force (kN)
(c) Drift 3.0%
SDFS Model Test
-120 -60 0 60 120
Lateral Displacement (mm) -160
-80 0 80 160
Lateral Force (kN)
(d) Drift 4.0%
SDFS Model Test
-130 -65 0 65 130
Lateral Displacement (mm) -160
-80800 160
Lateral Force (kN)
(e) Drift 5.0%
SDFS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -240-160160240-80800
Lateral Force (kN)
(f) Drift 6.0%
SDFS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -240-160160240-80800
Lateral Force (kN)
(g) Test Test
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 Lateral Displacement (mm) -240-160160240-80800
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) FS Model FS Model
3.27 (SDFS Model) 1 2
( )
-20 -10 0 10 20 Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) Drift 0.6%
SDFS Model Test
-40 -20 0 20 40
Lateral Displacement (mm) -200
-100 0 100 200
Lateral Force (kN)
(b) Drift 1.5%
SDFS Model Test
-90 -45 0 45 90
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(d) Drift 3.0%
SDFS Model Test
-60 -30 0 30 60
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(c) Drift 2.0%
SDFS Model Test
-140 -70 0 70 140
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(e) Drift 4.0%
SDFS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(f) Drift 5.0%
SDFS Model Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(g) Test Test
-160 -80 0 80 160
Lateral Displacement (mm) -250
-125 0 125 250
Lateral Force (kN)
(a) FS Model
SDFS Model
3.28 (SDFS Model) 2 2
( )
K
T/2 K
T/2 P(t)
U(t)
C
4.1
U(t)
u
g(t) u
g(t)
K
T/2 K
T/2
u
g(t) C
4.2
0 10 20 30
(a) Loma Prieta: Anderson Dam
0 10 20 30
(b) Loma Prieta: Saratoga
0 10 20 30 40
(c) Landers: Joshua Tree
0 10 20 30
(d) Landers: Coolwater
0 10 20 30
(e) Northridge: Beverly Hills
0 10 20 30
(f) Northridge: Castsic Old Ridge
0 10 20 30
(g) Chi-Chi: TCU034
0 20 40 60
(h) Chi-Chi: TCU039
4.3 8
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Period (sec)
0 1 2 3 4 5
Spectral Acceleration (g)
(a) Elastic Acceleration Response Spectra
ATC 32 Soil Type C M=7.25± 0.25, PGA=0.7g Mean of 8 Scaled Records
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3
Period (sec) 0
50 100 150 200 250
Spectral Displacement (cm)
(b) Elastic Displacement Response Spectra
ATC 32 Soil Type C M=7.25± 0.25, PGA=0.7g Mean of 8 Scaled Records
4.4 8
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Lateral Displacement (mm)
0 2 4 6 8
Lateral Force (MN)
Ke= 56 kN/mm
Kp(FS Model)= 2.2 kN/mm Kp(SDFS Model)= 20 kN/mm
TestFS Model SDFS Model
4.5 1
-600 -300 0 300 600 Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (a) Loma Prieta: Anderson Dam
SDFS Model FS Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (b) Loma Prieta: Saratoga
SDFS Model FS Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (c) Landers: Joshua Tree
SDFS Model FS Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (d) Landers: Coolwater
SDFS Model FS Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (e) Northridge: Beverly Hills
SDFS Model FS Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (f) Northridge: Castsic Old Ridge
SDFS Model FS Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (g) Chi-Chi:Tcu034
SDFS Model FS Model
-1200 -600 0 600 1200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -8 -4 0 4 8Drift(%) (h) Chi-Chi:Tcu039
SDFS Model FS Model
4.6
-600 -300 0 300 600 Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(a) Loma Prieta: Anderson Dam SDFS Model
BE Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(b) Loma Prieta: Saratoga SDFS Model
BE Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (c) Landers: Joshua Tree
SDFS Model BE Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (d) Landers: Coolwater
SDFS Model BE Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(e) Northridge: Beverly Hills SDFS Model
BE Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(f) Northridge: Castsic Old Ridge SDFS Model
BE Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(g) Chi-Chi:Tcu034 SDFS Model
BE Model
-1200 -600 0 600 1200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -8 -4 0 4 8Drift(%)
(h) Chi-Chi:Tcu039 SDFS Model
BE Model
4.7
-600 -300 0 300 600 Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(a) Loma Prieta: Anderson Dam SDFS Model
SD Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(b) Loma Prieta: Saratoga SDFS Model
SD Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (c) Landers: Joshua Tree
SDFS Model SD Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (d) Landers: Coolwater
SDFS Model SD Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (e) Northridge: Beverly Hills
SDFS Model SD Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(f) Northridge: Castsic Old Ridge SDFS Model
SD Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(g) Chi-Chi:Tcu034 SDFS Model
SD Model
-1200 -600 0 600 1200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -8 -4 0 4 8Drift(%)
(h) Chi-Chi:Tcu039 SDFS Model
SD Model
4.8
-600 -300 0 300 600 Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.46
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.92
(a) Loma Prieta: Anderson Dam
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.46
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.92
(b) Loma Prieta: Saratoga
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.46
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.92
(c) Landers: Joshua Tree
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.46
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.92
(d) Landers: Coolwater
4.9
-600 -300 0 300 600 Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.92
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.92
(e) Northridge: Beverly Hills
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.92
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.92
(f) Northridge: Castsic Old Ridge
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.92
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.92
(g) Chi-Chi:Tcu034
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.92
-1200 -600 0 600 1200
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) α=0.92
(h) Chi-Chi:Tcu039
4.9 ( )
0 10 20 30
(a) Loma Prieta: Anderson Dam
SDFS Model
(b) Loma Prieta: Saratoga
SDFS Model
(c) Landers: Joshua Tree
SDFS Model
(d) Lander: Coolwater
SDFS Model
(e) Northridge: Beverly Hills SDFS Model
(f) Northridge: Castsic Old Ridge SDFS Model
(g) Chi-Chi: TCU034
SDFS Model
(h) Chi-Chi: TCU039
SDFS Model FS Model
4.10
0 10 20 30
(a) Loma Prieta: Anderson Dam
SDFS Model
(b) Loma Prieta: Saratoga
SDFS Model
(c) Landers: Joshua Tree
SDFS Model
(d) Lander: Coolwater
SDFS Model
(e) Northridge: Beverly Hills
SDFS Model
(f) Northridge: Castsic Old Ridge
SDFS Model
(g) Chi-Chi: TCU034
SDFS Model
(h) Chi-Chi: TCU039
SDFS Model BE Model
4.11
0 10 20 30
(a) Loma Prieta: Anderson Dam
SDFS Model
(b) Loma Prieta: Saratoga
SDFS Model
(c) Landers: Joshua Tree
SDFS Model
(d) Lander: Coolwater
SDFS Model
(e) Northridge: Beverly Hills SDFS Model
(f) Northridge: Castsic Old Ridge SDFS Model
(g) Chi-Chi: TCU034
SDFS Model
(h) Chi-Chi: TCU039
SDFS Model SD Model
4.12
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Maximum Displacement (mm) Drift(%)
1 2 3 4 5 6
SDFS Model (1st Motion) FS Model
7 8
BE Model SD Model
SDFS Model (2nd Motion)
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
0 4.13
0 5 10 15 20 25
Hysteretic Energy (kN-m)
1 2 3 4 5 6
SDFS Model (1st Motion)FS Model
7 8
BE Model SD Model
SDFS Model (2nd Motion)
4.14
0 5 10 15 20 25
Absorbed Energy (kN-m)
1 2 3 4 5 6
SDFS Model (1st Motion) FS Model
7 8
BE Model SD Model
SDFS Model (2nd Motion)
4.15
-600 -300 0 300 600 Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(a) Loma Prieta: Anderson Dam SDFS Model
FS Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(b) Loma Prieta: Saratoga SDFS Model
FS Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (c) Landers: Joshua Tree
SDFS Model FS Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(d) Landers: Coolwater SDFS Model
FS Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(e) Northridge: Beverly Hills SDFS Model
FS Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(f) Northridge: Castsic Old Ridge SDFS Model
FS Model
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (g) Chi-Chi:Tcu034
SDFS Model FS Model
-2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -8 -4 0 4 8Drift(%) (h) Chi-Chi:Tcu039
SDFS Model FS Model
4.16 2
-600 -300 0 300 600 Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(a) Loma Prieta: Anderson Dam 1st Motion
2nd Motion
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(b) Loma Prieta: Saratoga 1st Motion
2nd Motion
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(c) Landers: Joshua Tree 1st Motion
2nd Motion
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(d) Landers: Coolwater 1st Motion
2nd Motion
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (e) Northridge: Beverly Hills
1st Motion 2nd Motion
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%)
(f) Northridge: Castsic Old Ridge 1st Motion
2nd Motion
-600 -300 0 300 600
Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -4 -2 0 2 4Drift(%) (g) Chi-Chi:Tcu034
1st Motion 2nd Motion
-2000 -1000 0 1000 2000 Lateral Displacement (mm) -10
-5 0 5 10
Lateral Force (MN) -12 -6 0 6 12Drift(%)
(h) Chi-Chi:Tcu039 1st Motion
2nd Motion
4.17 1 2
0 10 20 30
(a) Loma Prieta: Anderson Dam
1st Motion
(b) Loma Prieta : Saratoga
1st Motion
(c) Landers: Joshua Tree
1st Motion
(d) Lander: Coolwater
1st Motion
(e) Northridge: Beverly Hills
1st Motion
(f) Northridge: Castsic Old Ridge
1st Motion
(g) Chi-Chi: TCU034
1st Motion
(h) Chi-Chi: TCU039
1st Motion 2nd Motion
4.18 1 2
-400 -200 0 200 400
-400 -200 0 200 400
-150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150
-400 -200 0 200 400
-500 -250 0 250 500
4.23 T =0.5 (sec) (Northridge: Beverly Hills)
-500 -250 0 250 500
4.24 T =1.0 (sec) (Northridge: Beverly Hills)
-800 -400 0 400 800
-800 -400 0 400 800
0 1 2 3 Period (sec)
0 30 60 90 120 150
Maximum Displacement (cm)
(a) Maximum Displacement (cm) Cy=0.1
Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
α=0.46 α=0.92
0 1 2 3
Period(sec) 0
3 6 9 12
Ductility
(b) Ductility
Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8 α=0.46
α=0.92
4.27
0 1 2 3 Period(sec)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Cy
α=0.46 α=0.92
0.3
4.28
0 1 2 3 Period (sec)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Hysteretic Energy (N-cm) Cy=0.1
Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8 α=0.46
α=0.92
0 1 2 3
Period (sec) 0
50 100 150 200 250 300
Vh (cm/s)
Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8 α=0.46
α=0.92
4.29
0 1 2 3 Period (sec)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Absorbed Energy (N-cm) Cy=0.1
Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8 α=0.46
α=0.92
0 1 2 3
Period (sec) 0
50 100 150 200 250 300
Va (cm/s)
Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8 α=0.46
α=0.92
4.30
0 1 2 3 Period (sec)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
Absolute Maximum Acceleration (g)
Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8 α=0.46
α=0.92
4.31
3.1 1
3.2 1 2
3.3 45 ( = -0.009 )
3.4 45 ( = +0.015 )
3.5 ( = -0.02 )
3.6 ( = -0.03 )
3.7 ( = -0.05 )
3.8 ( = +0.06 )
3.9 ( = +0.06 )
3.10 ( = -0.06 )
3.11 ( = -0.06 )
3.12
3.13
3.14 2 2
3.15 ( = +0.004 )
3.16 ( = -0.006 )
3.17 ( = +0.009 )
3.18 ( = +0.009 )
3.19 ( = +0.015 )
3.20 ( = -0.015 )
3.21 ( = +0.02 )
3.22 ( = -0.02 )
3.23 ( = -0.02 )
3.24 ( = -0.03 )
3.25 ( = +0.03 )
3.26 (( = +0.03 )
3.27 ( = -0.04 )
3.28 ( = +0.04 )
3.29 ( = -0.05 )
3.30 ( = -0.05 )
3.31 ( = -0.05 )
NONSPEC INPUT Output
XMASS PK DELTAT XOUT TCONV
NSTIFF NUYP NDAMP ITYPE IENG IPUNCH JTAPE IHED JPUNCH JPRINT
DAMP T η
KOUNT IND DT FACTOR FMT RECORD
α+
α− χ γ
D1 D2 D3 C1 C2 C3
D1P D2P D3P C1P C2P C3P Example:
/home2/grad/ccchou/EQ/imperial/westmoc.v2 chan3 -1.0 0.15 0.002 1000000. 0.01 -1 -1 1 4 0 2 0 1 0 1 0.05
1.26 .333957
3000 0 -0.020 1.00000000 (8E10.0) westmorelan_CAST360.dat
0.25
0.25 1.0 1.0
1.0 4.0 8.0 1.0 0.4 0.2 1.0 4.0 8.0 1.0 0.4 0.2
α+: α−: χ : γ :
D1 D2 D3 : ( )
C1 C2 C3 : ( )
D1P D2P D3P : ( )
C1P C2P C3P : ( )
170 Inel1 INPUT Z, G, GT, NPOINTS, DT, AG, ROU, TRY, TOL, MAXCYC,GAS
NPER, NZAI, NDUCT, NVA, NTT, NMODEL, COLL, α+,α−,χ,γ,D1,D2,D3,C1,C2,C3,D1P,D2P,D2P,C1P,C2P,C3P
T DAMP DUCTILITY RECORD Example:
0., 981.456,-.0025,11190, 0.0025,100.0, 0.15, 0.1, 0.010, 50,1
1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 0., 0.25,0.25, 1.0, 1.0, 1, 4, 8, 1, 0.4, 0.2, 1, 4, 8, 1, 0.4, 0.2 1.26
0.05 3
westmorelan_clw-tr.dat α+:
α−: χ : γ :
D1 D2 D3 : ( )
C1 C2 C3 : ( )
D1P D2P D3P : ( )
C1P C2P C3P : ( )
46 .
=0
α (cm)
Anderson Dam
T Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 4.7 3.3 2.9 2.3 0.3
0.25 11.2 11.8 16.1 8.7 2.7
0.5 17.3 11.7 18.0 19.8 7.7
1.0 22.4 11.2 13.2 14.5 14.4
1.5 25.4 21.0 25.5 27.8 27.8
2.0 24.6 28.2 32.3 32.3 32.3
2.5 23.1 24.6 24.6 24.6 24.6
3.0 20.4 20.4 20.4 20.4 20.4
Saratoga Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 8.5 13.0 8.7 6.1 0.6
0.25 31.0 19.8 8.2 4.6 3.1
0.5 38.3 11.3 9.3 9.3 9.2
1.0 70.2 39.6 19.7 21.6 26.1
1.5 60.7 36.2 31.0 33.3 50.1
2.0 73.8 48.5 40.8 40.6 40.6
2.5 121.2 64.2 75.0 74.6 74.6
3.0 142.4 73.5 93.8 99.7 99.7
Joshua Tree Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 11.2 11.6 0.4 0.3 0.2
0.25 27.5 20.6 3.9 4.5 3.4
0.5 37.7 45.9 21.5 11.1 6.6
1.0 62.5 37.9 37.0 36.9 30.7
1.5 54.8 48.6 48.9 51.7 51.2
2.0 62.8 51.6 52.0 49.0 49.0
2.5 60.4 42.6 66.7 66.6 66.6
3.0 59.8 66.6 68.5 68.5 68.5
Coolwater Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 12.0 8.0 0.6 0.5 0.3
0.25 21.0 16.2 25.7 14.5 4.2
0.5 22.9 25.1 21.5 23.6 17.2
1.0 31.5 34.5 18.5 19.1 20.0
1.5 27.4 35.2 37.8 35.0 36.0
2.0 30.2 27.0 25.5 25.5 25.5
2.5 27.8 27.4 27.4 27.4 27.4
3.0 25.0 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5
46 .
=0
α (cm)( )
Beverly Hills
T Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 13.9 15.8 15.8 0.9 0.4
0.25 20.6 23.7 24.2 26.7 2.8
0.5 31.7 60.8 38.7 26.0 22.0
1.0 51.5 57.6 48.6 46.7 36.7
1.5 39.8 49.8 50.9 50.9 56.2
2.0 36.6 46.7 38.5 38.5 38.5
2.5 34.7 39.1 43.5 43.5 43.5
3.0 46.3 37.8 37.8 37.8 37.8
Castsic Old Ridge Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 8.3 8.7 0.4 0.3 0.2
0.25 14.3 14.6 4.1 4.2 1.6
0.5 25.4 27.9 13.5 10.8 9.9
1.0 38.5 26.4 26.8 25.1 28.1
1.5 31.9 28.8 35.7 38.1 36.9
2.0 30.4 28.3 36.4 36.4 36.4
2.5 27.4 31.5 36.0 36.0 36.0
3.0 28.5 28.2 28.2 28.2 28.2
TCU034 Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 4.6 1.7 0.2 0.2 0.1
0.25 6.5 7.4 4.5 2.9 1.6
0.5 10.5 9.3 11.2 11.1 10.8
1.0 11.9 11.6 15.2 15.2 13.8
1.5 26.9 14.5 22.1 22.1 22.1
2.0 42.1 25.7 38.4 38.4 38.4
2.5 45.1 38.7 47.5 47.5 47.5
3.0 64.0 55.9 60.8 60.8 60.8
TCU039 Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 15.0 9.8 0.4 0.3 0.2
0.25 53.0 21.1 2.7 2.4 1.4
0.5 115.9 37.2 15.1 9.2 6.6
1.0 130.5 43.6 31.7 30.0 32.4
1.5 216.4 96.0 58.5 59.2 50.5
2.0 268.6 163.5 68.0 63.4 101.5
2.5 281.7 156.4 110.0 105.0 131.6
3.0 314.4 171.5 176.4 142.3 145.6
46 .
=0 α
Anderson Dam
T Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 258.3 81.5 35.5 23.1 2.0
0.25 79.9 37.8 26.0 11.2 2.1
0.5 30.9 9.4 7.2 6.4 1.6
1.0 10.0 2.3 1.3 1.2 0.7
1.5 5.0 1.9 1.1 1.0 0.6
2.0 2.7 1.4 0.8 0.7 0.4
2.5 1.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2
3.0 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1
Saratoga Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 472.0 317.7 106.5 59.6 3.5
0.25 219.7 62.7 13.0 5.8 2.5
0.5 67.8 9.0 3.7 2.9 1.8
1.0 31.1 7.8 2.0 1.7 1.3
1.5 11.9 3.2 1.4 1.2 1.1
2.0 8.2 2.4 1.0 0.8 0.5
2.5 8.6 2.0 1.2 0.9 0.6
3.0 7.0 1.6 1.0 0.9 0.5
Joshua Tree Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 617.2 287.9 5.2 3.4 0.9
0.25 94.1 66.1 6.3 5.7 2.7
0.5 67.1 36.8 8.6 3.6 1.3
1.0 27.8 7.6 3.7 3.0 1.5
1.5 10.8 4.3 2.2 1.8 1.1
2.0 7.0 2.6 1.3 0.9 0.6
2.5 4.3 1.4 1.1 0.9 0.5
3.0 3.0 1.5 0.8 0.6 0.4
Coolwater Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 666.0 200.0 7.5 5.3 1.7
0.25 151.3 52.5 41.6 19.2 3.4
0.5 41.3 20.3 8.7 7.6 3.5
1.0 14.2 7.0 1.9 1.6 1.0
1.5 5.5 3.2 1.7 1.3 0.8
2.0 3.4 1.4 0.6 0.5 0.3
2.5 2.0 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.2
3.0 1.3 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.1
46 .
=0
α ( )
Beverly Hills
T Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 772.9 394.2 197.6 8.7 2.6
0.25 148.7 76.9 39.2 34.6 2.3
0.5 57.1 49.3 15.7 8.4 4.5
1.0 23.2 11.7 4.9 3.8 1.9
1.5 8.0 4.5 2.3 1.8 1.3
2.0 4.1 2.4 1.0 0.8 0.5
2.5 2.5 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.4
3.0 2.3 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.2
Castsic Old Ridge Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 455.2 215.5 4.4 2.8 1.0
0.25 102.2 46.7 6.5 5.3 1.3
0.5 45.3 22.3 5.4 3.5 2.0
1.0 17.2 5.3 2.7 2.0 1.4
1.5 6.4 2.6 1.6 1.4 0.8
2.0 3.4 1.4 0.9 0.7 0.5
2.5 2.0 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.3
3.0 1.4 0.6 0.3 0.3 0.2
TCU035 Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 252.9 42.0 2.7 1.8 0.8
0.25 46.3 23.9 7.2 3.7 1.3
0.5 18.8 7.5 4.5 3.6 2.2
1.0 5.3 2.3 1.5 1.2 0.7
1.5 5.4 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.5
2.0 4.7 1.3 1.0 0.8 0.5
2.5 3.2 1.2 0.8 0.6 0.4
3.0 3.2 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.3
TCU040 Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 847.0 247.5 5.2 3.0 1.0
0.25 387.3 68.9 4.4 3.2 1.1
0.5 211.9 30.4 6.2 3.0 1.4
1.0 59.6 8.9 3.2 2.5 1.7
1.5 43.9 8.8 2.7 2.2 1.2
2.0 30.7 8.4 1.7 1.3 1.3
2.5 20.6 5.1 1.8 1.4 1.1
T=3.0 16.0 4.3 2.0 1.3 0.8
46 .
=0
α (cm/s)
Anderson Dam Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
T Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 77.5 97.8 70.9 95.3 71.0 91.9 64.0 79.9 30.1 32.8 0.25 96.9 124.5 110.6 139.8 144.1 186.9 126.6 152.1 75.5 84.1 0.5 84.2 105.3 108.0 112.8 158.5 194.8 176.9 211.9 122.2 137.8 1.0 88.3 107.5 100.8 105.1 64.0 93.3 36.5 91.9 0.0 90.4 1.5 83.7 102.8 88.3 108.4 39.8 107.5 0.0 116.3 0.0 116.3 2.0 69.6 86.6 71.6 99.0 0.0 101.5 0.0 101.5 0.0 101.5
2.5 53.2 69.7 0.0 61.7 0.0 61.7 0.0 61.7 0.0 61.7
3.0 4.7 42.7 0.0 42.7 0.0 42.7 0.0 42.7 0.0 42.7
Saratoga Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 30.8 63.5 52.9 77.3 62.4 80.7 61.2 77.8 41.7 43.0 0.25 60.3 80.5 91.3 114.7 105.5 136.5 106.7 114.0 87.3 92.9 0.5 81.2 102.0 91.4 120.3 122.4 128.8 126.4 134.7 120.8 139.9 1.0 122.3 161.9 157.7 204.8 87.8 125.8 95.3 138.2 79.7 165.2 1.5 127.3 165.0 135.7 164.7 99.0 148.7 65.6 144.3 69.6 211.2 2.0 143.0 194.3 128.3 146.3 18.3 128.6 0.0 127.4 0.0 127.4 2.5 183.8 251.8 126.3 156.2 79.1 190.0 0.0 187.4 0.0 187.4 3.0 185.1 253.4 152.8 182.0 49.7 197.2 0.0 208.8 0.0 208.8
Joshua Tree Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 17.7 19.2 43.5 43.6 38.0 40.5 26.4 28.5 0.0 10.6 0.25 35.7 41.9 77.8 97.6 142.0 148.3 134.9 146.7 100.7 111.5
0.5 93.6 117.7 144.7 184.4 230.4 268.7 168.4 187.6 76.3 103.2 1.0 149.5 195.0 227.0 242.3 228.8 260.7 226.8 261.1 123.9 200.7 1.5 154.0 179.4 217.8 233.6 266.5 281.7 251.6 276.8 115.7 231.1 2.0 173.7 203.1 164.1 181.5 89.8 165.0 0.0 153.9 0.0 153.9 2.5 162.2 177.8 90.0 126.0 46.7 168.5 0.0 167.3 0.0 167.3 3.0 151.9 165.7 116.1 160.6 0.0 143.5 0.0 143.5 0.0 143.5
Coolwater Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 47.6 47.6 70.2 70.2 35.6 41.2 30.8 37.5 16.8 22.3 0.25 68.0 86.2 102.2 124.8 170.3 212.5 148.3 148.0 97.1 117.9
0.5 89.3 115.1 116.7 150.3 186.8 228.1 216.6 268.6 192.1 232.7 1.0 101.4 133.9 146.6 180.7 121.1 141.1 113.5 149.9 14.3 125.5 1.5 96.9 105.2 131.0 147.0 101.2 160.8 73.6 147.6 0.0 150.6
2.0 86.6 95.0 73.1 99.4 0.0 80.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 80.0
2.5 47.3 67.6 0.0 68.8 0.0 68.8 0.0 68.8 0.0 68.8
3.0 0.0 47.1 0.0 47.1 0.0 47.1 0.0 47.1 0.0 47.1
46 .
=0
α (cm/s) ( )
Beverly Hills Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
T Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 28.0 31.9 54.8 66.6 88.2 104.7 55.4 60.6 41.6 44.7 0.25 51.2 61.0 101.2 128.0 156.3 203.4 160.5 211.8 98.9 106.8
0.5 58.8 75.9 163.5 207.8 253.6 324.4 231.1 280.4 261.5 285.0 1.0 141.9 185.1 195.5 254.3 212.4 281.2 204.2 276.3 181.8 241.0 1.5 111.6 143.2 153.8 190.5 182.9 224.1 164.3 232.1 115.4 239.4 2.0 95.8 111.3 123.7 152.9 0.0 121.0 0.0 121.0 0.0 121.0 2.5 86.8 94.1 61.0 106.3 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4
3.0 70.1 95.4 0.0 79.2 0.0 79.2 0.0 79.2 0.0 79.2
Castsic Old Ridge Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 14.6 14.7 36.4 45.7 18.2 23.0 15.5 20.4 0.0 10.9
0.25 76.9 96.4 69.9 88.5 83.6 88.4 82.4 91.7 35.8 50.7 0.5 103.4 133.7 117.9 149.9 153.0 170.1 138.3 147.5 119.6 137.4 1.0 93.5 126.6 133.6 161.6 164.0 197.7 161.7 194.9 111.1 177.0 1.5 97.6 118.8 122.2 142.7 105.0 154.8 84.5 161.9 0.0 154.3 2.0 87.1 102.7 60.2 93.6 0.0 114.4 0.0 114.4 0.0 114.4
2.5 74.3 89.8 6.4 79.2 0.0 90.4 0.0 90.4 0.0 90.4
3.0 38.8 59.8 0.0 59.0 0.0 59.0 0.0 59.0 0.0 59.0
TCU034 Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 28.1 38.2 46.9 50.2 12.0 14.7 9.6 13.7 0.0 9.1
0.25 43.2 55.4 67.1 84.6 76.1 98.3 57.8 72.7 26.5 43.7 0.5 62.1 73.2 95.3 112.6 119.7 144.5 126.1 152.6 118.8 152.9
1.0 70.7 73.3 68.0 71.2 62.5 99.9 45.7 97.5 0.0 86.8
1.5 100.0 117.2 50.0 72.5 0.0 92.5 0.0 92.5 0.0 92.5
2.0 108.8 132.1 48.6 86.2 0.0 120.7 0.0 120.7 0.0 120.7 2.5 116.3 134.8 51.3 101.2 0.0 119.4 0.0 119.4 0.0 119.4 3.0 116.7 140.6 63.8 120.6 0.0 127.4 0.0 127.4 0.0 127.4
TCU039 Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 71.6 106.4 66.8 88.3 41.2 45.2 25.6 27.1 1.5 11.2 0.25 142.5 177.1 120.1 159.8 78.6 86.2 61.9 67.4 17.8 37.3 0.5 161.9 214.4 158.0 202.5 169.7 187.6 84.9 86.7 81.2 108.0 1.0 185.2 246.8 220.9 249.2 184.0 205.3 173.7 200.5 119.2 201.2 1.5 247.8 329.0 282.9 290.5 232.6 277.0 218.2 280.1 111.6 225.8 2.0 266.0 346.8 371.6 454.8 239.4 281.1 189.5 248.7 155.4 320.7 2.5 281.4 365.2 351.4 405.5 253.0 345.1 161.6 163.5 111.2 336.7 3.0 299.9 389.6 311.6 393.9 309.9 394.6 169.6 299.9 0.0 304.9
46 .
=0
α (cm s2)
Anderson Dam
T Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99
0.25 0.63 0.79 0.95 0.99 0.99
0.5 0.35 0.52 0.85 0.98 0.95
1.0 0.20 0.28 0.45 0.54 0.58
1.5 0.17 0.26 0.43 0.50 0.50
2.0 0.14 0.23 0.33 0.33 0.33
2.5 0.11 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16
3.0 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
Saratoga Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 0.46 0.75 0.99 0.99 0.99
0.25 0.31 0.69 0.99 0.98 0.99
0.5 0.37 0.64 0.73 0.81 0.99
1.0 0.27 0.52 0.55 0.65 0.92
1.5 0.29 0.33 0.47 0.55 0.86
2.0 0.28 0.31 0.41 0.41 0.41
2.5 0.29 0.29 0.44 0.48 0.48
3.0 0.26 0.26 0.41 0.45 0.45
Joshua Tree Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 0.45 0.59 0.83 0.85 0.76
0.25 0.35 0.63 0.93 0.99 0.99
0.5 0.28 0.55 0.99 0.86 0.91
1.0 0.35 0.55 0.75 0.83 0.97
1.5 0.28 0.42 0.58 0.67 0.85
2.0 0.21 0.31 0.45 0.50 0.50
2.5 0.18 0.24 0.42 0.43 0.43
3.0 0.15 0.24 0.31 0.31 0.31
Coolwater Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 0.58 0.70 0.96 0.99 0.97
0.25 0.40 0.72 0.94 0.99 0.99
0.5 0.37 0.71 0.96 0.99 0.99
1.0 0.28 0.50 0.53 0.59 0.81
1.5 0.20 0.35 0.51 0.55 0.65
2.0 0.17 0.23 0.26 0.26 0.26
2.5 0.13 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18
3.0 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10
46 .
=0
α ( ) (cm s2)
Beverly Hills
T Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 0.41 0.69 0.99 0.99 0.99
0.25 0.34 0.81 0.99 0.99 0.98
0.5 0.30 0.62 0.92 0.98 0.99
1.0 0.34 0.62 0.89 0.97 0.98
1.5 0.26 0.44 0.59 0.66 0.88
2.0 0.19 0.31 0.39 0.39 0.39
2.5 0.15 0.22 0.28 0.28 0.28
3.0 0.14 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17
Castsic Old Ridge Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 0.38 0.64 0.84 0.80 0.77
0.25 0.37 0.69 0.96 0.99 0.89
0.5 0.44 0.72 0.94 0.91 0.99
1.0 0.31 0.42 0.63 0.68 0.94
1.5 0.23 0.32 0.50 0.58 0.66
2.0 0.17 0.24 0.37 0.37 0.37
2.5 0.12 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.23
3.0 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13
TCU034 Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 0.34 0.67 0.63 0.64 0.65
0.25 0.25 0.64 0.99 0.92 0.90
0.5 0.26 0.51 0.83 0.93 0.99
1.0 0.18 0.30 0.49 0.55 0.56
1.5 0.18 0.23 0.36 0.40 0.40
2.0 0.19 0.22 0.39 0.39 0.39
2.5 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.31 0.31
3.0 0.15 0.22 0.27 0.27 0.27
TCU039 Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 0.62 0.63 0.87 0.82 0.79
0.25 0.51 0.70 0.78 0.82 0.83
0.5 0.40 0.65 0.96 0.80 0.88
1.0 0.32 0.56 0.69 0.74 0.98
1.5 0.27 0.49 0.60 0.68 0.83
2.0 0.29 0.49 0.50 0.55 0.88
2.5 0.23 0.42 0.49 0.56 0.82
3.0 0.25 0.40 0.54 0.55 0.65
92 .
=0
α (cm)
Anderson Dam
T Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 3.6 3.3 2.7 1.4 0.3
0.25 11.1 11.6 14.9 8.9 3.4
0.5 17.0 12.1 16.5 17.5 10.4
1 22.0 11.6 14.7 14.5 14.4
1.5 24.2 23.0 26.4 27.8 27.8
2 25.4 30.3 32.3 32.3 32.3
2.5 21.4 24.6 24.5 24.6 24.6
3 18.1 20.4 20.3 20.4 20.4
Saratoga Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 3.6 3.0 2.7 2.4 0.6
0.25 12.5 11.3 6.4 6.5 3.0
0.5 31.4 12.3 9.5 9.4 10.4
1 44.2 35.2 23.7 24.9 25.8
1.5 49.9 38.6 42.2 45.1 49.9
2 75.0 47.0 40.6 40.6 40.6
2.5 112.0 63.0 74.7 74.6 74.6
3 133.0 72.8 99.7 99.7 99.0
Joshua Tree Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 3.0 2.7 2.6 0.8 0.2
0.25 21.5 19.5 17.7 14.0 3.5
0.5 36.2 30.3 30.0 18.0 7.9
1 41.8 44.1 37.1 36.0 34.4
1.5 50.6 52.0 52.6 53.0 49.6
2 52.0 45.4 48.4 49.0 49.0
2.5 51.0 51.2 65.1 66.6 66.6
3 55.0 65.8 68.5 66.4 68.5
Coolwater Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 5.6 3.5 1.6 0.5 0.2
0.25 15.9 16.2 15.8 13.2 3.6
0.5 22.0 20.0 20.0 24.1 18.4
1 25.9 31.9 18.5 19.6 19.9
1.5 27.3 32.6 35.9 34.9 36.0
2 29.0 25.5 25.5 25.5 25.5
2.5 110.0 27.4 27.4 27.4 27.4
3 142.0 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5
92 .
=0
α (cm)( )
Beverly Hills
T Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 24.7 4.1 2.7 0.8 0.4
0.25 25.4 23.3 20.6 19.8 4.8
0.5 39.2 38.0 36.4 29.0 21.0
1 43.8 46.8 45.1 42.2 42.5
1.5 42.1 53.3 49.4 52.5 58.8
2 34.3 39.7 38.5 38.5 38.5
2.5 37.8 38.7 43.5 43.5 43.5
3 40.6 37.8 37.8 37.8 37.8
Castsic Old Ridge Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 4.4 2.4 1.2 0.4 0.1
0.25 16.2 14.8 12.7 3.9 2.8
0.5 18.5 25.7 22.7 19.8 9.9
1 26.9 21.2 24.9 25.7 27.1
1.5 29.4 29.3 28.4 32.7 36.9
2 26.9 30.4 34.4 36.4 34.7
2.5 28.5 32.0 35.9 35.0 35.9
3 29.1 28.0 28.2 28.0 28.2
TCU034 Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 5.4 2.9 0.6 0.3 0.1
0.25 7.6 7.4 7.8 9.5 2.5
0.5 12.7 8.4 8.4 9.1 10.6
1 47.0 11.1 11.3 12.6 14.2
1.5 82.5 14.1 19.4 21.6 22.1
2 75.5 28.0 33.6 37.6 38.4
2.5 88.7 48.7 48.0 47.5 47.5
3 33.5 24.5 60.8 60.8 60.8
TCU039 Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 2.5 2.2 1.0 0.5 0.2
0.25 16.2 14.0 8.9 3.9 1.6
0.5 44.3 33.8 617.4 15.0 9.9
1 108.1 112.0 45.0 35.6 32.9
1.5 173.9 133.0 61.0 56.9 59.3
2 290.7 149.7 99.0 97.8 104.5
2.5 360.4 167.0 146.0 108.3 125.8
3 482.2 206.0 170.0 159.2 145.6
92 .
=0 α
Anderson Dam
T Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 201.9 80.9 3.3 34.0 2.0
0.25 79.0 37.4 11.6 24.0 2.8
0.5 30.5 9.7 12.1 6.6 2.1
1 9.8 2.3 11.6 1.5 0.7
1.5 4.8 2.1 23.0 1.2 0.6
2 2.8 1.5 30.3 0.8 0.4
2.5 1.6 0.8 24.6 0.4 0.2
3 1.0 0.5 20.4 0.2 0.1
Saratoga Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 178.0 66.7 29.9 21.2 3.3
0.25 79.5 32.2 9.3 7.4 2.1
0.5 49.7 8.8 3.4 2.7 1.9
1 17.5 6.3 2.1 1.7 1.2
1.5 8.8 3.1 1.7 1.4 1.0
2 7.4 2.1 0.9 0.7 0.5
2.5 7.1 1.8 1.1 0.9 0.5
3 5.9 1.7 1.0 0.8 0.5
Joshua Tree Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 197.0 79.8 38.0 9.3 1.3
0.25 180.0 73.5 33.3 21.0 3.3
0.5 75.7 28.5 14.1 6.8 1.9
1 21.8 10.3 4.4 3.4 2.0
1.5 11.7 5.4 2.7 2.2 1.3
2 6.8 2.7 1.4 1.2 0.7
2.5 4.3 1.9 1.2 1.0 0.6
3 3.2 1.7 0.9 0.7 0.4
Coolwater Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 294.0 82.9 18.7 4.5 1.4
0.25 106.5 49.0 23.9 16.0 2.7
0.5 37.0 15.0 7.6 7.3 3.5
1 10.8 6.0 1.8 1.5 0.9
1.5 5.0 2.7 1.5 1.2 0.8
2 3.0 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.3
2.5 7.4 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2
3 6.6 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.1
92 .
=0
α ( )
Beverly Hills
T Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 1263.5 94.0 30.9 7.8 2.1
0.25 127.8 69.0 30.9 23.7 3.6
0.5 65.0 28.0 13.6 8.6 3.9
1 18.2 8.7 4.2 3.1 2.0
1.5 7.8 4.4 2.1 1.7 1.2
2 3.6 1.9 0.9 0.7
2.5 2.5 1.2 0.7 0.5 0.3
3 1.9 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2
Castsic Old Ridge Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 144.7 75.0 19.0 5.6 1.4
0.25 140.0 61.0 26.5 6.4 3.0
0.5 38.6 26.0 11.8 8.3 2.6
1 15.5 5.5 3.2 2.7 1.8
1.5 7.5 3.4 1.6 1.5 1.1
2 3.8 2.0 1.1 0.9 0.6
2.5 2.1 1.3 0.7 0.6 0.4
3 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.2
TCU034 Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 447.8 108.3 11.6 4.8 1.4
0.25 67.2 35.8 18.8 18.4 3.0
0.5 31.0 10.2 5.1 4.4 3.2
1 31.5 3.3 1.7 1.5 1.1
1.5 24.6 1.9 1.3 1.2 0.7
2 12.6 2.2 1.3 1.1 0.7
2.5 9.5 2.4 1.2 0.9 0.6
3 2.5 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.5
TCU039 Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 114.5 67.0 15.1 5.8 1.4
0.25 90.3 57.0 17.1 6.0 1.6
0.5 76.8 32.6 8.3 5.8 2.4
1 57.8 27.0 5.4 3.4 2.0
1.5 41.3 14.2 3.2 2.4 1.6
2 36.2 9.0 2.9 2.4 1.6
2.5 30.8 6.4 2.8 1.7 1.2
3 28.6 5.5 2.3 1.7 1.0
92 .
=0
α (cm/s)
Anderson Dam Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
T Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 72.9 77.7 76.6 81.4 81.7 84.1 82.2 82.2 33.8 35.4 0.25 99.9 105.5 120.0 125.1 159.7 167.6 164.3 164.4 124.2 126.8
0.5 94.8 98.7 140.4 140.5 201.6 202.2 214.0 215.0 204.4 212.1 1.0 105.6 108.6 126.6 129.7 63.9 90.9 36.5 89.0 0.0 90.4 1.5 99.9 100.9 111.4 123.2 60.4 114.9 0.0 116.3 0.0 116.3 2.0 83.7 88.5 77.3 101.1 0.0 101.5 0.0 101.5 0.0 101.5
2.5 50.6 62.0 0.0 61.7 0.0 61.7 0.0 61.7 0.0 61.7
3.0 4.7 42.6 0.0 42.7 0.0 42.7 0.0 42.7 0.0 42.7
Saratoga Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 65.4 70.7 68.5 73.1 87.3 87.3 86.2 86.2 55.5 56.5 0.25 98.9 106.2 98.8 105.7 131.7 131.9 143.7 144.1 96.1 101.5
0.5 133.4 142.7 119.6 120.1 147.9 150.8 154.9 161.8 122.4 145.0 1.0 136.7 142.3 166.7 177.8 121.5 148.3 112.8 151.9 63.0 158.9 1.5 154.3 161.5 190.7 195.5 160.9 198.5 142.5 203.4 0.0 209.1 2.0 164.0 175.7 140.2 159.5 0.0 127.4 0.0 127.4 0.0 127.4 2.5 185.7 205.9 183.9 203.1 51.7 186.0 0.0 187.4 0.0 187.4 3.0 189.4 212.4 195.2 224.2 0.0 208.8 0.0 208.8 0.0 208.8
Joshua Tree Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 61.8 65.6 84.7 87.8 96.9 99.8 61.2 61.3 7.5 12.5 0.25 154.5 165.6 181.5 191.2 199.3 206.1 212.1 217.9 140.3 142.4
0.5 136.8 147.9 204.6 204.7 303.2 308.7 268.8 270.3 126.8 136.4 1.0 150.3 153.6 233.8 234.1 325.6 327.4 297.4 302.6 191.4 223.2 1.5 171.2 171.6 230.1 231.4 267.8 280.4 261.8 280.7 199.6 259.2 2.0 189.9 190.8 191.7 196.7 117.4 158.5 64.0 151.4 0.0 153.9 2.5 186.9 188.6 145.7 158.8 81.4 162.5 12.2 167.3 0.0 167.3 3.0 181.1 184.1 163.3 182.9 0.0 143.5 0.0 143.5 0.0 143.5
Coolwater Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 92.4 100.3 80.7 85.9 68.6 68.6 31.7 32.1 12.6 18.3 0.25 117.3 126.5 146.8 155.3 176.9 186.6 193.8 201.4 117.3 120.7
0.5 105.8 110.0 150.0 160.0 223.7 224.6 258.0 260.7 252.7 257.3 1.0 101.8 102.6 170.4 171.8 137.2 153.1 120.3 147.3 0.0 125.3 1.5 115.8 117.3 150.1 157.9 113.5 154.6 82.0 151.8 0.0 150.6
2.0 89.5 93.6 49.5 84.2 0.0 80.0 0.0 80.0 0.0 80.0
2.5 3149.6 3575.2 0.0 68.8 0.0 68.8 0.0 68.8 0.0 68.8 3.0 179.8 221.6 0.0 47.1 0.0 47.1 0.0 47.1 0.0 47.1
92 .
=0
α (cm/s) ( )
Beverly Hills Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
T Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 91.1 95.2 83.9 90.7 82.6 86.1 70.8 70.9 38.1 40.1 0.25 177.0 191.5 194.6 207.6 218.8 229.5 224.9 235.0 152.9 154.9
0.5 150.2 162.4 216.1 228.1 278.6 294.0 281.7 290.1 336.1 340.3 1.0 137.6 146.8 209.2 219.5 224.7 243.7 205.8 237.1 221.2 256.7 1.5 137.5 137.9 176.5 188.4 205.1 224.0 194.0 228.2 109.3 238.7 2.0 125.8 127.7 127.5 143.9 0.0 121.0 0.0 121.0 0.0 121.0 2.5 103.0 107.8 64.9 106.8 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4 0.0 109.4
3.0 80.0 92.3 0.0 79.2 0.0 79.2 0.0 79.2 0.0 79.2
Castsic Old Ridge Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 62.8 65.4 53.0 57.0 50.1 51.2 28.4 29.4 6.5 11.5
0.25 116.1 124.7 137.2 144.8 135.3 141.6 110.6 112.7 94.3 96.7 0.5 100.9 104.9 136.6 143.4 193.5 202.7 207.4 215.1 180.0 186.0 1.0 92.3 97.1 138.6 139.4 166.0 170.2 177.1 184.7 170.2 197.2 1.5 91.0 91.3 131.2 137.9 138.9 158.9 128.6 161.5 42.5 153.2 2.0 82.6 86.7 107.4 118.5 55.4 113.5 0.0 114.4 0.0 114.4
2.5 73.0 79.3 64.0 91.3 0.0 90.4 0.0 90.4 0.0 90.4
3.0 46.8 56.9 0.0 59.0 0.0 59.0 0.0 59.0 0.0 59.0
TCU034 Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 75.4 79.8 65.5 69.9 31.7 31.7 19.4 19.7 7.7 11.2
0.25 66.6 70.5 80.6 84.2 115.0 119.7 132.1 138.0 59.0 65.2
0.5 68.0 69.9 82.0 95.0 120.9 121.6 122.4 126.8 137.7 143.9
1.0 115.8 121.5 95.0 100.5 93.9 101.8 82.3 100.1 28.8 89.4
1.5 140.0 147.7 101.7 106.4 57.7 87.9 42.0 91.2 0.0 92.5
2.0 135.6 143.7 122.4 129.9 80.9 118.9 50.5 118.6 0.0 120.7
2.5 139.6 149.3 127.2 135.0 47.8 118.1 0.0 119.4 0.0 119.4
3.0 138.0 150.0 132.0 140.0 20.8 127.1 0.0 127.4 0.0 127.4
TCU039 Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va Vh Va
0.1 53.1 56.7 50.0 90.0 85.0 70.0 53.1 56.7 50.0 90.0
0.25 116.2 125.6 125.7 134.3 141.8 144.0 116.2 125.6 125.7 134.3 0.5 169.2 182.1 189.7 193.7 208.0 208.4 169.2 182.1 189.7 193.7 1.0 230.8 245.9 293.1 306.6 267.2 270.2 230.8 245.9 293.1 306.6 1.5 281.8 297.0 342.1 356.8 300.0 300.0 281.8 297.0 342.1 356.8 2.0 334.9 355.2 362.4 380.4 400.2 408.0 334.9 355.2 362.4 380.4 2.5 334.9 354.5 367.8 375.9 466.9 479.8 334.9 354.5 367.8 375.9 3.0 372.6 396.6 368.6 386.5 387.2 418.9 372.6 396.6 368.6 386.5
92 .
=0
α (cm s2)
Anderson Dam
T Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99
0.25 0.63 0.79 0.98 0.99 0.98
0.5 0.35 0.52 0.82 0.99 0.97
1 0.20 0.28 0.47 0.54 0.58
1.5 0.16 0.27 0.43 0.50 0.50
2 0.14 0.24 0.33 0.33 0.33
2.5 0.11 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16
3 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
Saratoga Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99
0.25 0.71 0.69 0.91 0.98 0.98
0.5 0.43 0.60 0.73 0.83 0.97
1 0.27 0.44 0.62 0.73 0.97
1.5 0.27 0.34 0.56 0.66 0.90
2 0.27 0.32 0.41 0.41 0.41
2.5 0.27 0.30 0.47 0.48 0.48
3 0.24 0.29 0.45 0.45 0.45
Joshua Tree Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 0.89 0.99 0.99 0.78 0.76
0.25 0.94 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99
0.5 0.50 0.54 0.83 0.88 0.83
1 0.23 0.46 0.54 0.72 0.92
1.5 0.20 0.36 0.55 0.62 0.77
2 0.15 0.25 0.40 0.46 0.50
2.5 0.13 0.22 0.37 0.43 0.43
3 0.12 0.21 0.31 0.31 0.31
Coolwater Cy=0.1 Cy=0.2 Cy=0.4 Cy=0.5 Cy=0.8
0.1 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98
0.25 0.83 0.94 0.99 0.99 0.98
0.5 0.57 0.51 0.88 0.98 0.99
1 0.25 0.41 0.55 0.63 0.81
1.5 0.19 0.33 0.51 0.57 0.65
2 0.17 0.24 0.26 0.26 0.26
2.5 0.13 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18
3 0.12 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10