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[Received 15 July 2005; revised 7 November 2005; accepted 14 November 2005]
Graduate Institute of Teaching Chinese as a Second Language National Taiwan Normal University
Taipei, TAIWAN fredjchen@yahoo.com.tw fredchen@ntnu.edu.tw
正向遷移與逆向遷移在第二語言和第一語言 寫作的互動：以台灣留美學生為例
陳俊光
國立台灣師範大學
本文旨在探討第二語言環境的語言遷移現象。根據研究顯示，
從第一語言到第二語言的正向遷移，出現於第二語言習得的初期，
然此現象隨著第二語言程度的提昇而減少。此外，亦有証據顯示，
從第二語言到第一語言的逆向遷移，可能發生於第一語言使用有限 的環境，或是在第一語言語法之正確性無法得到確認的情況。本文 探討臺灣籍與西班牙籍的美國大學研究生，按三種不同等級的英文 程度，測試其第一語言與第二語言寫作，所有參與者都進行句法與 篇章測試。結果顯示，台灣留學生的英文篇章出現正向遷移現象，
而他們的中文句法出現逆向遷移現象。另外，中級台灣留學生的英 文句法，其正向遷移與第二語言程度之關係呈 U 型曲線。同樣地，
中級台灣留學生的中文句法，逆向遷移與第二語言程度之關係亦呈 U 型曲線。本研究指出語言遷移的複雜現象，以及其與第二語言程度 和不同測試任務之間的互動。
關鍵詞：語言遷移、正向遷移、逆向遷移、U 型曲線、「主要分枝方
向」、「時間順序原則」、跨語言學習者比較、對比研究、後
設覺知與跨語言覺知