As mentioned in this review, one of the biggest challenges for our society is providing powerful electrochemical energy devices. DMFCs are amongst the most promising candidates in terms of energy density and power density. Nanostruc-tured materials are currently of interest for such DMFCs because of their high surface areas, novel size effects, significantly enhanced kinetics, and so on. The present review describes some recent progress in the developments of nanostructured electrocatalysts for DMFCs. Approaches to reducing the cost of catalysts include the use of single , double , and multiple component catalysts and new cat-alyst supports.
The observed DMFC performance associated with the use of single , double , and multiple component catalysts and new catalyst supports has been summarized. In addi-tion, much effort has been devoted to exploring the fundamental MOR and ORR mechanism of DMFCs. It has become evident that the unusual properties of single , double , and multiple component catalysts and new sup-port materials make them compelling for DMFC applica-tions. The large number of research publications in the past ten years signifies the importance of fuel cells that might
surpass anode and cathode catalysts in the development of DMFCs. Challenges remain for the use of such catalysts to achieve highly efficient DMFCs. In particular, the synthetic methods, shapes, and selective catalysts of single , double , and multiple component catalysts must be opti-mized to overcome the physical and chemical factors that limit DMFC performance. The rapid progress in thefield of fuel cell catalysis will eventually allow us to use commercial DMFCs, which can supply more efficient energy to the world.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the corresponding pub-lishers for kind permission to reproduce their materials, especiallyfigures, for use in this review article. This work was supported by the NRF (National Honor Scientist Pro-gram: 2010 0020414, WCU: R32 2008 000 10180 0.
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Jitendra N. Tiwari received his Ph.D. degree in electrochemistry from the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan in 2009 working on synthesis of highly durable catalysts for electrochemical energy devices. He was a postdoctoral research fellow at the Institute of Nanotechnology, National Chiao Tung Uni-versity, Taiwan (August 2009-July 2010). Cur-rently, he is a postdoctoral research scientist at the Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology and focuses on graphene-based materials for fuel cell applications.
Rajanish N. Tiwari was born in India. He received his B.S. and M.S. from H. N. B.
Garhwal University, India, and a Ph.D. degree in Materials Science and Engineering from National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan in 2010. Currently, he is working in Japan as a postdoctoral fellow at Toyota Technological Institute. His postdoctoral fellowship funded by Toyota Motor Corporation. His current interests include study of the synthesis, char-acterization, and application of novel carbon materials. He has published many scientific papers in refereed journals and given presentations.
Gyan Singh was born in 1984 in Bihar, India.
He earned his B.Sc. (Hons.) in Biochemistry from Allahabad Agricultural Institute–Deemed University, India, in 2006. In the same year he was awarded Taiwan Government Fellowship to pursue Master of Science (MS) in Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering from National Chaio Tung University, Taiwan. Currently he is perusing his Doctoral research under super-vision of Prof. Yun-Ming Wang at National Chaio Tung University. His primary research interests include design and development of nanosensors for clinically relevant biomolecules.
Kwang S. Kim received his Ph.D. degree from University of California, Berkeley. He was a postdoctoral fellow at IBM and a visiting professor or scientist at Rutgers University, MIT, and Columbia University. Currently, he is a professor in the Department of Chemistry and the director of the Center for Superfunc-tional Materials at Pohang University of Science and Technology. His research interests include design and development of novel nanomaterials and molecular devices.